The Most Complex Machines Ever (v3)

1
The$Most$Complex$Machines$Ever$
Nano6Technology$Enterprise,$M.phil$Seminar$
3mar15:$Uo.Cambridge,$Uk.$
$
Pdf$and$SlideCast$@$hGp://ianp24.blogspot.com$
$
Opinions$expressed$are$my$own$...$
$
$
Prof. Ian
Phillips
Principal Staff Engineer
ARM Ltd
ian.phillips@arm.com
Visiting Prof. at ...
Contribution to
Industry Award 2008
3v0

2
Two$Driving$MoNvaNons$…$
!  That:&Every&18mth&Moore’s&Law&gives&us&around&2x&the&‘capacity’&for&producing&ever&more&
Appealing,&but&Complex&machines&to&enhance&our&lives&…&
!  Containing(many(+ny(but(individually(engineered(components(many(being(just(14nm(big(today(…((
(…(these(are(the(most(Sophis+cated/Complex(machines(that(have(ever(been(made(by(man(
!  And(the(next(years,(ever(more(so(...(
!...!We!need!to!understand!how!we!are!going!to!Design!and!Develop!them;!before!we!have!to!!
(
!  That:&The&General&Public&is&increasingly&unaware&of&the&role&of&Technology&in&the&products&
and&services&it&values;&and&thus&on&our&various&roles&within&it&...&
!  ‘They’(consider(our(technology(was(‘solved’(years(ago,(and(that(‘manufacturing’(is(the(only(part(of(it(that(is(
now(valuable((and(the(UK(lost(both(opportuni+es)(
!  And(although(we(understand(our(own(Scien+ﬁc/Engineering(work,(our(knowledge(of(how(that(ﬁts(into(the(
bigMpicture(is(liNle(beNer!(
!  That(this(maNers,(because(it(is(ul+mately(the(Public(who(endorse(our(Research,(Products,(Businesses(and(
thus(Wage(Packets.(
!…!We!need!to!understand!the!context!of!what!we!do;!before!telling!‘them’!about!it!!

3
...We don’t really understand it ourselves!
Today
Samsung Galaxy S5
2014 (1yr lifetime)
40yr ago
BTYeoman
c1964-84 (20yr lifetime)
IC Eng’s came from?
SW Eng’s came from?
Understanding$Research,$Design,$Development$and$Product$
!  Products$have$changed$hugely$in$my$life$...$$
!  Improved:(Technology,(Methods(and(Tools((
!  Diﬀerent:(Business(Models(and(Global(Markets(
(...(Con+nuous,(subtle(change(for(40+(yrs(
!  Both$products$went$along$this$(RDDP)$path$…&
...!So!is!History!relevant!to!today's!Products?&

4
Age of the ...
Universe – 13.6Byr
Earth – 4.5Byr
Life – 3.5Byr
StarNng$at$the$Beginning$...$
32,000 yrs got us to this!
!  CroMMagnon(Man((Us!)$–$35,000$yr$ago$$
!  ‘Developed’(from(HomoMSapien((Wise(Human)(>100,000(yr(
!  Mission:(Survive!Nature!(1,000(gen’n)(
!  The(Philosophers(–$2,50061,000$yr$ago(
!  Pythagoras,(Socrates,(Plato,(Aristotle,(Archimedes,(...(
!  Mission:(Understanding!Nature!
!  The(Scien+sts(–$1,0006500$yrs$ago(
!  Galileo,(Descartes,((1000(ad)(
!  Electricity(M(William(Gilbert((1600ad)(
!  Mission:(ManipulaIon!of!Nature!
!  The(Engineers(–$260$yrs$ago(
!  Industrial!RevoluIon!(1750:(8(gen’n)(
!  Mission:(ExploitaIon!of!Nature!
!  Year(0:(ScienceMMeetsMExploita+on(
!  Technology(Based(Business(Emerges((
...!Technology’s!BIGOBANG!was!just!260!years!ago!!

5
CompuNng:$At$the$FronNer$of$Technology$today?$
!  HPCs$and$Mainframes?&…&Yes&
!  WorkstaOons&(High&Performance&DeskRTop)?&…&Probably&
$

6
$ $...$State$(s)$and$Time$(t)$are$always$factors$in$this$(Though(not(always(important).$
!  Can(include(phenomena(ranging(from(human(thinking(to(calcula+ons(with(a(narrower(meaning.((
( ( ( ( (...(Wikipedia(
!  Predominantly(used(it(to(animate(models(of(realMworld(situa+ons(
( (...(fast(enough(for(use(as(a(stabilising(factor(in(a(loop((RealM+me).(
( (...(Not(prescrip+ve(about(the(choice(of(Implementa+on(Technology!(
( (...(Nor(prescrip+ve(about(Programmability!(
Compute:$To$Evaluate$an$Algebraic$EquaNon$(Model)$...$$
Computer: A mechanism to do this repetitively…
y=F(x,t,s)
IN (x)
Enumerated
Phenomena
OUT (y)
Information
(Processed Data)

7
History:$100BC$6$Hipparchos’s$AnNkythera$
Early-Mechanical
Computation
Hipparchos
c.190 BC – c.120 BC.
Ancient Greek
Astronomer,
Philosopher and
Mathematician!  A!Mechanism!for!CompuIng!Planetary!PosiIons!
!  Technology:!!HandOMade!Metal,!HandOCut!Gears,!!Engraving,!Analogue!
!  Found(in(the(Mediterranean(in(1900((Believe(there(might(have(been(10’s)(
$ $ $See:$hGp://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p02hz21v$

8
History:$1700$6$Graham’s$Orrery$
!  A!Mechanism!for!CompuIng!Planetary!PosiIons!(1,800!yrs!a[er!AnIkythera!)!
!  Technology:!!FactoryOMade!Metal,!MachineOCut!Gears,!Wood,!Analogue!
!  Inventor:(George(Graham((1674M1751).(English(ClockMMaker.(
Mechanical
Technology
George$Graham

9
!  A!Mechanism!for!CompuIng!Polynomial!Tables!
!  Technology:!Metal,!Precision!Gears,!Digital!(base!10)!
!  Too(expensive(for(the(technology(of(the(day(
History:$1837$6$Babbage's$Diﬀerence$Engine$
Constructed 2000
Late-Mechanical
Computation

10
History:$1856$6$Amsler’s$Planimeter$
Mechanical
Computation
Planimeter 2014 !
!  A!Mechanism!for!CompuIng!the!Area!of!an!arbitrary!2D!shape!
!  Technology:!Precision!Mechanics,!!Analogue!
!  Available(today(...(Electronically(enhanced(

11
!  General!Purpose,!Stored!Program,!CompuIng!Mechanism!
!  Technology:!Electronics!(valves),!Digital!(base!2)!
!  Available(today(...(Enhanced(by(MicroMElectronics((Mainframe(<=>(Laptop)(
History:$1947$6$Uo.Manchester’s$“Baby”$(Reconstruc+on)(
Electronic
Computation
ImplementaNons$are$Limited$
by$available$Technology!$

12
10nm
100nm
1um
10um
100um
ApproximateProcessGeometry
ITRS’99
Transistors/Chip(M)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore’s_law
Moore’s$Law:$50$yrs$of$$Technology$Driven$Opportunity$...$
Transistor/PM(K)
X

13
CompuNng:$Today$6$Visible,$but$not$Vital$
Purchased$by$Consumers$for$FuncNon$not$Technology$

14
CompuNng:$Today$6$Invisible$and$Vital$
Purchased$by$Professionals$for$FuncNon$not$Technology$

15
!  Need:&A$Mechanism$for$enhancing$human$memory$(Camera)&
!  Technology:&...$
!  Excellent(Lenses(
!  Fine(Mechanical(Mechanisms(
!  ElectroMMechanical(Exposure(Metering(
!  Metal((and(some)(Plas+c(Forming(
!  Manual(Assembly(
!  PhotoMChemical(Memory((35mm(Film)(
(
1998$6$Canon$EOS$Rebel$GII$(17yrs$ago)$
35mm Film Camera
System-Level
Mechanical Computation

16
!  Need:&A$Mechanism$for$enhancing$human$memory$(Camera)&
!  Technology:&...$
!  Digital(Logic((CPU+I.O.)(
!  Sokware(
!  Memory((NV(and(RAM)(
!  Excellent(Lenses(and(Displays(
!  Analogue(Electronics((Network(&(GPS)(
!  Sensors(and(Transducers((CCD(&(MEM)(
!  Precision(Mechanics(
!  MicroMMotors(
!  BaNeries(and(Energy(Storage(
!  LEDs(and(Discharge(Tubes(
!  Precision(forming(of(Plas+cs(and(Metal(
!  Electronic(Packaging(
!  Robo+c(Assembly(...(Technology(External(to(the(Product!(
...((All(of(these(Technologies(are(available(to((
21c(Businesses(today(...(
2014$6$Canon$EOS$5D$$$(Today)$
Incorporating DIGIC5+ (ARM)
System-Level
Computation
Q: So why couldn’t ARM make a camera
to compete with Canon?
A: Because Canon has Capabilities in
place that we don’t have!
ARM-based
Computer

17
So$CapabiliOes$actually$limit$a$Business's$Product$PossibiliNes...$
...They are also an Entry Barrier to your Competitors
CAPABILITIES
Product
Development
PRODUCT
!  Business$needs$to$Know$it$can$make$a$Product$before$they$Start$to$design$it.$
!  CapabiliIes(help(to(Manage(the(Risk((There’s(frequently(no(second(chance!)(
!  Making$a$Product$is$sNll$Work;$but$based$on$CapabiliNes$it$is$KnownRWork!$
!  Unknowns(lead(to(Protracted(Timescales,(Blown(Budgets,(Lost(Opportuni+es(and(Panic!(
!  Business$need$and$Appropriate&set&of&CapabiliOes,$before$they$
commences$a$Product&Development&
(...(But(is(the(Process(Linear((as(depicted(here)?(
((((((…(Does(a(given(Set(of(Capabili+es(lead(to(a(Speciﬁc(Product?(…!NO!!

18
!  Science(M(Demonstrated(Fundamentals;(Predictable,(Encapsulated,(New(
!  Technology(M(ScaledMup(Science(s).(Reliable(and(produc+ve(enough((
for(use(in(a(real(Product((
or(its(Processes.(May(be((
NewMtoMAll,(or(only(NewMtoMYou((
(others(may(have(as(a(Capability)(
!  Capability(M(Installed(Technology(
InMplace(in(business,(ready(for((
missionMcri+cal(use(in(a((
New(Product(Development.(
!  Product(M(Delivered(Func+onality.((
Market(Need,(Func+onality(
CostMEﬀec+ve,(Quality(
(
The$Capability&Model1$…$
“Capabilities are the Bridge between Science and its Exploitation”
Capability
Capability
Capability
Capability
Capability
Capability
Capability
Concept
KNOWN-WORK
Development-ExploitCapabilities
Using Science or Technology
here just increases RISK
TRL 1-4
TRL 9
TRL 8-9
TRL 5-9
Technology
Readiness
Levels
1:(Not(described(in(literature.(
Science
Science
Science
Science
Science
Science
Science
?-WORK
Technology
Technology
Technology
?-work
Research - Enquire, Understand & Establish a Capability

19
!  A$Capability$is$an$Installed$$‘Unit’$of$$Technology,$such$that$it$may$$
be$relied$upon$for$Mission6CriNcal$Business$purposes.$
!  They(are(Installed:(Reliable,(Trusted,(Predictable,(Usable.(
!  They(may(Cross(Technology(Boundaries((HW,(SW,(Op+cs,(Mul+MChip,(etc)(
!  They(are(NOT(Product(Specific(...(
!  Eg:$$Need$Fortran$capability$by$2016.$$Need$to$handle$Logic$Reliability$by10nm$node.$$Need$a$Bus$
architecture$for$use$in$and$between$3D/Chiplet$by$2020.$$Need$10x$system6power$efficiency$
improvement$$by$2020.$$Need$a$JIT$Java$Compiler$by$2016.$
!  They(can(be(Technology(Answers(...(
!  Eg:$$How$will$our$Partners$handle$the$end$of$Moors$Law?$How$can$we$increase$our$Partners$ProducNvity$
in$our$Product$Offering?$Will$Transistor$Reliability$become$a$serious$issue$at$14nm?$
(...(Capabili+es(are(the(Founda+ons(for(Product(Development(
( (...(And(they(are(established(by(Research((“Finding(out”)(
Capability&6$A$unit$of$Deployable$Science$
A Capability is the Bridge between a Science and its Exploitation

20
!  Short$Term:$From$the$KnownRSet&...(
!  Refine!what!we!know!(Including(Individual(knowledge,(Team(knowledge,(and(Tools).(
!  Acquire!what!others!know!(Recruit,(Develop,(Contract,(Licence,(Acquire,(Espionage,(etc)(
(...(Specific,(internal,(secrecy,(lowMnumber,(highMcost,(confidence(
(
!  Longer$Term:$From$the$UnknownRSet$...(
!  Targeted!Research!M(Specific,(pointMfocus,(commercial(advantage((CrownMjewels)(
!  Partnered!Research!M(Specific,(focused,(indirect(commercial(advantage((ARM(Partners)(
!  University/InsItute!Research!M(Generic,(wide(spectrum,(nonMdifferen+a+ng(knowledge(
!  ARM$Funded$Research$Projects$
!  NaNonal$Support$Programs1$(TSB,$H2020,$Research$Councils,$DARPA,$etc)(
( (...(Generic,(broadMspectrum,(openness,(highMnumber,(lowMcost,(partnering,(sharing,(uncertainty(
$
(...(Guided(by(Road(Map(from(longer(term(Business(Objec+ves$
Research$6$Establishes$CapabiliNes$
... for Development Engineers to use for Product Development

21
Development$–$Exploits$CapabiliNes$to$Deliver$a$Product$
... (Tangible or Intangible) to fulfil a Customer Need and a Business Objective
!  Design$is$a$creaNve$role$within$Development$
!  Engineers$Deliver&an$eﬀecNve$Technical6Product$soluNon$...$
!  MeeIng!FuncIonal(and(NonOFuncIonal(criteria(...(
!  Eg:$Quality,$TTM,$Budget,$Reproducibility,$Testability,$Cost,$Power.$$
!  Maximising!Product!DiﬀerenIaIon;(Minimising(Product(Risk,(Cost(and(Uncertainty(
!  Using(Available!Capability!(Technology,(Methodology,(Tools(and(KnowMHow)(
!  Engineers$Innovate$by$pushing$the$bounds$of$Available$CapabiliNes$...$
!  Using(the(opportuni+es(presented(by(the(Par+cular(Product(Brief(
!  Trading(between(Available(Capabili+es((Eg:(HW,(SW,(Analogue)(
!  U+lising(his/her(wider(sphere(of(knowledge,(knowMhow(and(experience(
(...((Not(all(implementa+ons(are(‘equally(good’(
(...(Innova+on(is((&(will(remain)(a(Fundamental(Engineering(role(

22
!  A$Customer$buys$a$Product$it$for$its$Valued$UNlity$...$
$ $ $...$A$Supplier$sells$a$Product$for$its$AnNcipated$UNlity$
!  They!are!diﬀerent!so(its(Important(to(Match(Expecta+ons!(
!  Product(must(exceed(Consumers(needs((By(how(much?)(
!  Func+onality(is(Assumed((It(has(no(Extra(Value!)(
!  Customers(are(not(always(the(best(source(of(New(Product(ideas(
!  EndRProduct&is$very$special$...$It$funds$its$enNre$value6chain$
!  The(EndMCustomer(is(YOU!(
!  Research$Outcomes$can$be$Products!$$
!  Their(Product(is(a(Science(or(Technology((Occasionally(a(Capability)(
!  It(is(seldom(tangible((It(is(usually(virtual)(
!  But!never!an!EndOProduct!in!its!own!right(
(...(A(Business(Model(makes(the(Rela+onship(Sustainable!(
Product$6$Something$you$make$which$a$Customer$buys$
...The basis of a Mutually Beneficial, Business Relationship

23
!  They$profitably$sell$what$Customers$(you)$want$to$Buy$
!  They$focus$on$their$Core$Competencies$in$a$Globally$CompeNNve$Market$
!  They$avoid$CommodiNsaNon$by$Product$DifferenNaNon$…$
!  Cost(and(Quality((by(improving(Process)(..and..(
!  Improved(BusinessMModels((which(take(the(Money)((..and..(
!  New/Improved(Technology(when(it(offers(benefit((may(be(Expensive(or(Risky)(
!  Product&Development&is&a&Cost&(Risk)&to&be&Minimised&
!  Technologies(just(enable(Op+ons!((HW,(SW,(Mechanics,(Op+cs,(Graphene,(etc)((
!  NewMTechnology(may(cost(more(than(it(delivers(in(Product(Value!((Including(risk)(
!  OverMDesign(costs(...(Good(Enough(is(Enough!(
!  Reuse(saves(…(Cannot(afford(to(reMinvent(the(wheel,(or(the(pursuit(of(excellence.(
(...(Because(successful(EndMProducts(fund(their(en+re((RD&I)(ValueMChains(
(...(Their(Technologies(will(flowMdown(into((all)(lower(volume(markets!$
Business$–$A$sustainable$Money$Making$enNty$
Businesses have to be Competitive, Money Making Machines today …

24
(...(Older(Markets(remain;(but(inherit(their(current(technology(from(Lead(Markets!(
Business$OpportuniNes$Drive$Technology$Developments$
...And 21c Products are ‘Smart’ and ‘Connected’
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Main Frame
Mini Computer
Personal Computer
Desktop Internet
Mobile Internet
Millionsof
Units
Professional!"Consumer
1st Era
Select work-tasks
2nd Era
Broad-based computing
for specific tasks
3rd Era
Computing as part
of our lives

25
ARM:$Enables$InnovaNon$Across$the$EnNre$Industry$
Leader$in$wearables$
and$the$IoT$
>70%$of$smart$TVs$and$>95%$
of$portable$game$consoles$ Enabling$the$transformaNon$
of$the$network$infrastructure$
and$data$center$
ARM6based$servers$
now$shipping$
Driving$smart$energy,$home$
networking,$automoNve$$
>95%$of$
smartphones$
and$tablets$
>80%$of$digital$
cameras$
((…(So(how(did(this(happen?(

26
1991:ARM RISC-Processor Core …

27
ARM7 Core
DMA
Par.
Port
PCMCIA UART (2)
Int’t.
Contr.
Memory
Interface
Timers
W’Dog
Arb’tr.
Misc.
1991:ARM RISC-Processor Core …

28
10nm
100nm
1um
10um
100um
ApproximateProcessGeometry
ITRS’99
Transistors/Chip(M)
Transistor/PM(K)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore’s_law
“Verification Gap”
1,800py
8,500py
100py
Moore’s$Law:$50$yrs$of$Increasing$Design$Challenge$...$
Global TeamsLocal TeamsSmall TeamSingle Designer
Expertise ReuseHW&SW ReuseSome ReuseClean Sheet

29
Designer$ProducNvity$became$the$Methodology$Driver$
!  The$Product$PossibiliNes$offered$by$uNlising$the$Billions$of$Affordable$and$AestheNcally$
Encapsulate6able$Transistors$is$Commercially$Beguiling!$
!  But$the$only$way$to$realise$these$possibiliNes$in$a$reasonable$Nme,$with$a$reasonable$team$
and$at$a$reasonable$cost$…$is$by$huge$amounts$of$Reuse$of$Design$and$Technology$
!  Reuse!fundamentally(increases(ProducIvity!
!  Hardware,(So[ware(and(other(Technologies;(Methods(and(Tools!
!  InOCompany:!Sourced(and(Evolved(from(Predecessor(Products!
!  ExOCompany:(Sourced(from((smaller)(businesses(with(Specialist(Knowledge((Such(as(ARM)(
!  Reuse!Improves!Quality;(as(objects(are(designed(more(carefully,(and(bugMfixes(are(incremental(
!  But$Beware;$all$systems$have$residual$errors!$$
(...(CleanMSheet(approaches(will(always(be(orders(of(magnitude(higher(in(cost(
(…(So(>99%(Reuse(will(be(the(nature(of(future(all(Product(Design(and(Development!(
(

30
A$Truly$Global$Endeavour$...$
... Global Teams contributing their Specialist Knowledge & Knowhow
!  Apple$ID’d$159$Tier61$Suppliers$...$
!  Thousands(of(Engineers(Globally(
!  Est.$10x$Tier62$Suppliers$...$
!  Including(Virtual(Components1(and((
SubMSystems(((ARM(and(other(IP(Providers)(
!  Mul+ple(Technologies(...(
!  Hardware,(Sokware,(Op+cs,(Mechanics,(
Acous+cs,(RF,(Plas+cs,(etc$
!  Manufacturing,(Test,(Qualiﬁca+on,(etc.(
!  Methods,(Tools,(Training,(etc(
!  Tens(of(thousands(Engineers(Globally(
...(More(than(90%(of(Technology(and(
Methods(are(Reused((produc+vity)!(
1:(Virtual(Components(do(not(appear(on(BOM(

31
Many$Virtual$Components$in$an$iCon$
"  Analogue$and$Digital$Design$
"  Embedded$Souware$
"  Signal$Processing$Methodology$
"  Metal,$PlasNcs$and$Glass$Forming$
"  Micro6Machines$(MEMs)$
"  Displays$and$Transducers$
"  RoboNcs$and$Test$in$Manufacture$
"  Knowledge$and$Know6How$
"  Research,$EducaNon$and$Training$
"  Special$Components,$Sub6Systems$$
and$Systems;$Design,$Assembly$and$$
Manufacture$
"  Metrology,$Methodology$and$Tools$
"  ReproducNon$Processes$
...(But(only(Physical(Components(appear(on(the(BOM(!(
(…(Danger:(Out(of(sight,(is(out(of(mind(!!(

32
ARM$brings$the$Right$Horse$to$the$Right$Course$...$
( ( ( (...(Delivering(~5x(speed((Architecture(+(Process(+(Clock)(
About 50MTr
About 50KTr

33
...$Which$means:$24$Processors$in$6$Families$...$
Not(just(the(Processors,(but(How(to(Build(them(into(Systems(...(

34
...$CoreLink$for$Hetrogeneous$MulN6Processing$...$
ACE
ACE
NIC-400 Network Interconnect
Flash GPIO
NIC-400
USBQuad
Cortex-
A15
L2 cache
Interrupt Control
CoreLink™
DMC-520
x72
DDR4-3200
PHY
AHB
Snoop
Filter
Quad
Cortex-
A15
L2 cache
Quad
Cortex-
A15
L2 cache
Quad
Cortex-
A15
L2 cache
CoreLink™
DMC-520
x72
DDR4-3200
8-16MB L3 cache
PCIe
10-40
GbE
DPI Crypto
CoreLink™ CCN-504 Cache Coherent Network
IO Virtualisation with System MMU
DSP
DSP
DSP
SATA
Dual channel
DDR3/4 x72
Up to 4 cores
per cluster
Up to 4
coherent
clusters
Integrated
L3 cache
Up to 18 AMBA
interfaces for
I/O coherent
accelerators
and IO
Peripheral address space
Heterogeneous processors – CPU, GPU, DSP and
accelerators
Virtualized Interrupts
Uniform
System
memory

35
$…$Tools,$Libraries$and$Partners$to$Realize$the$
Opportunity$!  Technology&to&build&Electronic&System&soluOons:&
!  So[ware,!Drivers,!OSOPorts,!Tools,!UIliIes!!to(create(
eﬃcient(system(with(op+mized(sokware(solu+ons!
!  Diverse(Physical!Components,(including(CPU!and!GPU!
processors!designed(for(speciﬁc(tasks(
!  Interconnect(System!IP!delivering(coherency(and(the(quality(
of(service(required(for(lowest(memory(bandwidth(
!  OpImised!CellOLibraries!for(a(highly(op+mized(SoC(
implementa+ons(
!  Well&Connected&to&Partners&in&the&LifeRCycle:&
!  For(complementary(tools(and(methods(required(by(System(
Developers(
!  Global&Technology&Global&Partners:&
!  ~1000(Partners;(Millions(of(Developers(

36
Software
development
tools
Physical IP – Design of
the building blocks of
the chip
Processor and
Graphics IP – Design
of the brain of the
chip
Power Mgmt
Bluetooth
Cellular Modem
WiFi
SIM
GPS Flash Controller
Touchscreen
& Sensor Hub
Sensor Hub
Camera
Apps Processor
ARM$Technology$
!  Advanced$consumer$products$are$incorporaNng$more$and$more$ARM$
technology$–$from$processor$and$mulNmedia$IP$to$souware$
Early software
development on
Virtual Platforms

37
ARM$Partnership:$Building$for$the$Long$Term$
ARM Chips shipped in 2014
by ARM Partners
ARM Chips Shipped to Date by
ARM Partners

38
!  UK$Established$and$Headquartered$$
!  Global$leader$in$the$development$of$
semiconductor$IP$
!  R&D(outsourcing(for(semiconductor(companies(
!  InnovaNve$business$model$yields$high$margins$
!  Upfront!license!fee!–(ﬂexible(licensing(models(
!  Ongoing!royalIes!–(typically(based(on(a((
percentage(of(chip(price(
!  Technology!reused!across(mul+ple(applica+ons(
...(ARM!Technology!Creates(new(markets,(and(
Transforms(exis+ng(ones(
ARM’s$Business$Model$
2-3
20+$years$
MulNple$applicaNons$
development$and$sales$
263$years$
Partner$chip$
development$
263$years$
ARM$research$and$
development$
Cost$incurred$
License$revenue$$$
Royalty$revenue$$$
~1,200$total$licenses$
$…$163$in$2014$
>350$potenNal$$
royalty$payers$
12bn$ARM6based$chips$in$2014$
20%$CAGR$over$last$5$years$
~$1.3b$Revenue $$(~28%$on$R&D)$
~3300$Employees$ww $(~1400$in$the$UK)$
… fromY2014 published figures

39
ARM’s$Vision$…$
… Is a world where all electronic products and services are based upon energy
efficient technology from ARM, making life better for everyone

40
Conclusions$
!  These$are$the&Most&Complex&Machines&ever;$they$are$driven$by$High6Volume$Commercial$
opportuniNes$whose$customers$do$not$recognise$or$value$the$technical$achievement…$
!  EndMCustomers(buy(‘Sa+sfac+on(of(a(need’(…(
!  Product(Cost,(Availability(and(Style(are(their(dominant(concerns(
!  Func+onality(is(assumed!((They(don’t(pay(extra(for(cleverness)(
!  CapabiliOes$are$the$Bridge$between$Research$outcomes$and$Products$…$
!  Research(establishes(Capabili+es(so(that(Product(Development(can(proceed(predictably(
!  From$the$Known$and$the$Unknown$sets$of$knowledge$
!  CapabiliIes(are(installedMtechnology;(ready(for(Engineers(to(use(to(create(a(Product!
!  Technologies(provide(op+ons;(not(all(of(which(will(be(valuable(in(all(Products(
!  Moor’s&Law&has$provided$us$with$huge$Technical$Opportunity$for$50yrs$…$
!  Today(its(poten+al(can(only(be(realised(by(deploying(>99%!Reuse;(
!  Using(Real(and(Virtual!Components;(from(Specialist(Suppliers(around(the(world(
(...(Designer(Produc+vity(is(the(Driver(of(Methodology!((Perfec+on(is(s+ll(for(the(gods)(

41
Complexity;$Coming$to$your$Doorstep!$

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