Covers the physical vulnerabilities of the grid; the ways communities are impacted and respond; how to adapt grids to minimise impact; community resilience and using technology to increase energy and community security and resilience

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TheResilience oftheElectric PowerDeliverySystem
inResponsetoBushfires,CyclonesandFloods
IanMcLeod:DirectorSmartEnergyCentreofExcellence
Fire,Cyclone&FloodDisasterManagement&RecoveryConference
29th November2017

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Topics:
• The physical vulnerabilities of the grid
• Understand the ways communities respond to widespread
outages and methods of adapting grids accordingly to
minimize the impact
• Gain insights into community resilience and the provision of
critical services with future technologies that could enhance
the resilience of the electric power delivery system

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Disasters: TheMomentsthatDefineUs
Dunally, Tasmania
Black Saturday,
Victoria
Yasi, Queensland

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PhysicalVulnerabilities: Probability
USA Gulf Region Hurricanes: Assets = US$2T Australian Cyclones: Asset = ?

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PhysicalVulnerabilities: Probability
Probability may be the same but population and value of
assets at risk are significantly different

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PhysicalVulnerabilities: Consequence
2017USHurricanes–Upto$400BCost

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PhysicalVulnerabilities: ConsequenceAustralia
• Ash Wednesday Fatalities – 75
• Black Saturday Fatalities – 173

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• Standard design and serviceability criteria – not risk
differentiated
• Overhead exposed to wind, debris and fire
• Underground exposed to floods
• Built on a centralised generation model with loads a
long way from the source
• Overhead lines have contributed to the cause of fires:
Ash Wednesday and Black Saturday
• Category 2 cyclones generally become an electricity
event, i.e. little property damage but grid and electricity
supply impacted by vegetation
• In storm surges, floods and fires impacted assets are
switched off in advance
• In cyclones the assets are generally left on, relying on
protection schemes to protect life and equipment,
reducing customers off supply and enabling quicker
restoration
Vulnerabilities oftheGrid:It’sVanilla

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Communities: Community Resilience
• 1998 - Hurricane Mitch: Over 19,000 fatalities, mostly from
flooding
• 2005 – Hurricane Katrina: 1833 fatalities
• 2016 – Hurricane Mathew: 586 fatalities
• In USA deaths were mainly from flooding
Katrina
• Over 50% of its population
left after the event
• 10 years later they are still
not fully back to pre-event
population

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Communities: Community Resilience
“Officials estimate
several hundred
people — mostly
young adults — are
leaving Puerto Rico
each day for the
mainland”
24/11/2017

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• Resiliency and restoration focused on
community centres and critical assets
(communications, water, sewerage,
hospitals, nursing homes).
• Local accommodation energised quickly to
provide lodgings for emergency crews and to
push money into the community
• Connect large employers where they can to
support the local economy
Observation: Businesses, communities and local
leaders need to do more on building community
resiliency both physically and socially
Communities: Restoring TheHeart
Handing out
blow up solar
lights at San Juan

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• Ergon Energy $120M Cyclone Area Reliability
Enhancement program commenced in 2001
– Undergrounding lines to critical infrastructure such as
hospitals, age care, water pumping, sewerage and shopping
centres
– Improved resiliency of city centres
– Line spreaders or insulated overhead systems
– Mobile generation & Substation connection points
• Line hardening – Florida Power & Light
• Using fully insulated underground systems in flood and
storm surge risk areas (pit vs pillar systems)
• Raising critical electrical assets in flood and storm surge
areas:
– Zone substations (supplies Towns) built to 1/100 or 200
– Transformers – ground or basement to pole of higher floor
• Undergrounding of low voltage private electrical lines
ImprovingGridResiliency: Hardening

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• Bundaberg Central Substation built to 1/100
for $28.6m in 2009/10
• Concerns raised about over engineering or
gold plating civil work required to achieve
flood standard
• Bundaberg Floods in 2011
• Substation inundated & de-energised
• How far is practical
ImprovingGridResiliency: Hardening

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In high fire risk areas the commission recommended
• Replacement of 22kV and Single Wire Earth return
lines with insulated aerial bundled cable or
underground
• Asset inspection every 3 years with improved
training
• Disable SWER reclose and 22kV limited to one
reclose during fire period
• Reduce risks posed by hazard trees
• Fit spreaders to reduce clashing and vibration
dampers for spans over 300m
Utilities are using other technologies to limit energy
delivered to a faulted line and reduce fuse related
ignitions
ReducingCausalRisks:BlackSaturdayRoyalCommission
Ausnet Services

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• Pre-disaster season asset and vegetation risk
assessment and mitigation
• Increased stock levels
• Disaster response drills
• Joint planning – Transmission & distribution
ImprovingGridResiliency: Prepare

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• Smart, Embedded & Micro Grids – Intelligent
switches
• Distributed Energy Resources – Solar, diesel
• Spatial Intelligence
• Digital Asset Management
• Advanced Analytics
• Adaptation through understanding risk &
executing good design
ImprovingGridResilience: Technology

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ImprovingGridResilience &Response:Technology &Data
Conflation
Data conflation, visualisation
and analytics improves
resilience planning and
disaster response

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• Pre-emptive modelling of high risk
and consequence areas
• Scenario analysis
• Identify changes for asset renewal
• Reduce disaster impact
ImprovingGridResilience: Technology

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ImprovingResponse:Technology
Visualisation & analytics
• A digital response replaces
labour intensive high risk
ground based defect
identification
• Rapid aerial damage capture
& processing (24 hours)
• Automated spatial digital
intelligence
• Enables rapid response,
logistics and restoration
planning
• Solution won the 2015
Edison Electric Institute
International Innovation
Award

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ImprovingResponse:Technology
2013 Tasmanian Bushfires

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ImprovingResponse:Technology

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ImprovingResponse:Mobile Generation &Transformation
1. Ergon Energy’s Nomad -Multi
primary & secondary voltage
10MW voltage transformer.
2. Mobile low voltage generators –
supply customer and
distribution substations, i.e. a
community centre
3. Ergon Energy’s Pegasus High
Voltage mobile generation used
to restore power to isolated
lines. Deployed to restore
electricity supply to Byfield to
the North of Yeppoon -
Improved response
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ImprovingResponse:Technology
11 January 2013 – Ergon Energy
(Queensland) sends HV generation
to Tasmania to restore electricity
supply to the south–east peninsula
after the 2013 bushfires

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ImprovingResponse:ResourcePlanning&Field ForceAutomation
• Visualisation to improve
deployment of field crews
to priority areas
• Field Force Automation to
improve work allocation
and closure, workforce
productivity and data
management Improved
Note: Field crews replacing
low voltage poles and wires
to loads that no longer exist
60,000 response personnel
deployed to Irma – were that
many needed?
Often the same problem is re-
instated – non fire resilient
wood poles

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ImprovingResponse:Communication &SocialMedia
Cyclone Marcia (Central Queensland):
1. Target restoration dates for areas published
on the web site
2. Website hits peaked when plans were
published
3. Social media monitored to improve response.
Social media sentiment favourable and
overall response results in improved brand
and reputation
Observation
Customers further north who had experienced a
number of cyclones helped set reasonable
expectations for customers in Central Queensland
hit by Marcia. The last Cyclone to hit the area
was in 1976
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Recommendations
1. Digitally model risk areas
2. Undertake scenario analysis
3. Assess consequence
4. Identify solutions to reduce risk and consequence and improve
response
5. Engage with community and business to improve resilience and
reduce consequence
6. Plan for the future, i.e. adapt the network while undertaking asset
replacement to reduce cost
7. Improve crowd sourcing of data