The document appears to be a quiz consisting of 40 multiple choice questions related to juvenile justice, criminal justice, and drug policy. The questions cover topics such as landmark Supreme Court cases related to juvenile justice, characteristics of youth gangs, categories of juvenile offenders, historical context of the juvenile justice system, drug legislation and policy in the United States, correctional alternatives to incarceration, and reentry programs for offenders.

1. Question 1 of 40
2.5 Points
Which case established criteria for transferring juvenile
offenders into adult court?
A. Kent v. United States
B. McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
C. Breed v. Jones
D. Schall v. Martin
Question 2 of 40
2.5 Points
Many female youth gang members have been what?
A. former honor role students
B. sexually abused at home
C. convicted of homicide
D. gainfully employed
Question 3 of 40
2.5 Points
In re Winship held that delinquency must be established how?
A. to the court’s satisfaction
B. by clear and convincing evidence
C. by a preponderance of the evidence
D. beyond a reasonable doubt
Question 4 of 40
2.5 Points
Ex Parte Crouse, built around the doctrine of parens patriae,
clarified the power states had over what?
A. sentencing children to death
B. committing children to institutions
C. holding children in pretrial detention
D. managing status offenders

2. Question 5 of 40
2.5 Points
Which of the following categories of children “violate laws
written only for children?”
A. undisciplined children
B. delinquent children
C. dependent children
D. status offenders
Question 6 of 40
2.5 Points
McKeiver v. Pennsylvania held that juveniles do not have the
constitutional right to what?
A. a free lawyer if they cannot afford one
B. bail
C. appeal
D. a jury trial
Question 7 of 40
2.5 Points
Which of the following is not a characteristic of hybrid gangs?
A. They are more violent than in the past.
B. There are more female members than in the past.
C. The members are younger than in the past.
D. The majority of the members are Caucasian.
Question 8 of 40
2.5 Points
In the 2011 Monitoring the Future (MTF. survey by the National
Institute on Drug Abuse, for the first time, high school seniors
reported the use of which synthetic drug?
A. PCP
B. LSD

3. C. cocaine
D. marijuana
Question 9 of 40
2.5 Points
Which case determined that juveniles cannot be tried in both
juvenile and adult courts for the same offense?
A. Kent v. United States
B. McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
C. Breed v. Jones
D. Schall v. Martin
Question 10 of 40
2.5 Points
Which of the following has been a response to recent violence
on school property?
A. teaching strategies for responding to shooters
B. screening for weapons at school
C. creating laws making schools “gun free” zones
D. all of the above
Question 11 of 40
2.5 Points
Bullying has been identified as a common factor associated with
what?
A. school shooters
B. juvenile delinquents
C. poor parenting
D. poor grades
Question 12 of 40
2.5 Points
A new type of youth gang that is school based and less
organized in criminal activity is what?

4. A. foster gang
B. relative gang
C. comparative gang
D. hybrid gang
Question 13 of 40
2.5 Points
In colonial America, a juvenile was considered to be an adult in
court at what age?
A. seven
B. nine
C. twelve
D. fourteen
Question 14 of 40
2.5 Points
Which case established that juveniles do not have a
constitutional right to a jury trial?
A. Kent v. United States
B. McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
C. Breed v. Jones
D. Schall v. Martin
Question 15 of 40
2.5 Points
There has been a 300% increase the past 10 years in school-
based incidents being referred to what courts?
A. teen courts
B. district courts
C. juvenile courts
D. circuit courts
Question 16 of 40
2.5 Points
If a juvenile is charged with a status offense, what is the lowest
evidentiary standard that can be used by the judge to support the

5. finding?
A. beyond a reasonable doubt
B. preponderance of the evidence
C. what is fair
D. least restrictive alternative
Question 17 of 40
2.5 Points
Which of the following is NOT a situation in which the juvenile
court would assume authority over a juvenile?
A. The juvenile’s welfare was threatened.
B. The juvenile was mentally ill.
C. The juvenile was a status offender.
D. The juvenile was a delinquent.
Question 18 of 40
2.5 Points
When an act, such as “running away from home,” is legal for
adults but illegal for juveniles, it is called what type of offense?
A. status offense
B. juvenile delinquent offense
C. capital offense
D. minor offense
Question 19 of 40
2.5 Points
The first juvenile court was established in 1899 in the state of
A. California
B. Texas
C. Wisconsin
D. Illinois
Question 20 of 40
2.5 Points
The common law principle of parens patriae allows what?

6. A. allowed the state to take the place of parents
B. allowed the parents to disown their children
C. allowed children to become independent for “informing” on
their parents
D. allowed the state to sue parents for neglect
Question 21 of 40
2.5 Points
Religious groups that provide vocational training combined with
religious instruction to inmates are known as what type of
program?
A. citizen-based programs
B. faith-based programs
C. community-based programs
D. spiritual programs
Question 22 of 40
2.5 Points
Traditional incarceration, probation and parole are what?
A. proving to be highly effective
B. still being studied as to their effectiveness
C. failing to stem the tide of prisoners returning to jail after
release
D. the focus of expanded plans for the correctional
Question 23 of 40
2.5 Points
Persons who use drugs relatively infrequently and define drug
use as pleasurable are called what?
A. drug addicts
B. recreational drug users
C. psychoactive substance abusers
D. alcoholics

7. Question 24 of 40
2.5 Points
The belief that all controlled substances are potentially harmful
and that drug abusers are victimized by the disease of addiction
is called what?
A. “legalist”
B. “cost-benefit specifism”
C. “public health generalism”
D. “reform-minded”
Question 25 of 40
2.5 Points
Of the types of drugs discussed, which one has been said to
commonly increase aggression?
A. cocaine
B. alcohol
C. marijuana
D. heroin
Question 26 of 40
2.5 Points
Legalization is a radical approach to solving the drug program.
Opponents to legalization say the approach is immoral and
impractical. A compromise approach that would make drugs
legally available, but only through certain institutions and
professions, is known as what type of model?
A. compromise
B. limitation
C. half way
D. partial
Question 27 of 40
2.5 Points
The legalization of drugs would do what?
A. eliminate laws and criminal penalties

8. B. provide free samples
C. make certain previously criminal behaviors “ticketable”
rather than “arrestable”
D. only allow doctors or pharmacists to dispense them
Question 28 of 40
2.5 Points
How is drug abuse defined?
A. illicit use of specific drugs identified by the DEA as illegal
B. overuse of prescription and nonprescription drugs
C. illicit drug use that results in social, economic,
psychological, or legal problems for the user
D. use of drugs without medical prescription
Question 29 of 40
2.5 Points
In contrast to the traditional adjudication process, drug court
programs are what?
A. highly ineffective
B. successfully reducing recidivism
C. under question as to their effectiveness
D. more expensive than straight incarceration
Question 30 of 40
2.5 Points
Which piece of drug legislation provided for capital punishment
for drug-related murders?
A. Anti-Drug Abuse Act
B. Controlled Substances Act
C. Harrison Act
D. Marijuana Tax Act
Question 31 of 40
2.5 Points

9. What term explains the authorization of judicial representatives
to seize all monies, negotiable instruments, securities, or other
things of value furnished or intended to be furnished by any
person in exchange for a controlled substance, and all proceeds
traceable to such and exchange?
A. narcoterrorism
B. forfeiture
C. money laundering
D. bordering
Question 32 of 40
2.5 Points
Intensive probation supervision focuses on smaller case loads
and what?
A. more emphasis on offender compliance
B. less frequent home contacts
C. fewer meeting with the probation officer
D. more forgiving about technical violations
Question 33 of 40
2.5 Points
According to the Harrison Act, any person dealing in opium,
morphine, heroin, or cocaine would have to do what?
A. pay a tax of $1.00 per year
B. provide all of their records to federal law enforcement
C. have an office accessible to all populations
D. report any signs of drug abuse to a local treatment facility
Question 34 of 40
2.5 Points
What would be the greatest advantage for an inmate using a Day

10. Reporting Center?
A. being able to maintain employment
B. having a flexible daily schedule
C. being able to attend church
D. being able to visit family members
Question 35 of 40
2.5 Points
Which of the following is a community-based intermediate
sanction?
A. reporting to a parole officer on a weekly basis
B. publicly apologizing to the victim
C. home confinement and electronic monitoring
D. serving less than one year in jail
Question 36 of 40
2.5 Points
Which of the following would be considered the most difficult
issue facing an ex-offender upon his or her return to society?
A. finding a literacy program
B. obtaining a driver’s license
C. earning a high school equivalency
D. finding gainful employment
Question 37 of 40
2.5 Points
The first major piece of federal antidrug legislation was which
act?
A. Harrison Act
B. Narcotic Control Act
C. Marijuana Tax Act
D. Controlled Substances Act
Question 38 of 40
2.5 Points
Which U.S. President stepped up the “War on Drugs”?

11. A. Jimmy Carter
B. Ronald Reagan
C. George Bush
D. Bill Clinton
Question 39 of 40
2.5 Points
What are treatment programs designed to support the transition
of offenders from prison back into the community known as?
A. retributive corrections
B. community-based corrections
C. parole services
D. determinate sentencing
Question 40 of 40
2.5 Points
Halfway houses are considered what?
A. a court ordered sanction
B. a transition program moving from prison back to the
community in steps
C. solely a parole board decision
D. a home confinement program