Question 1 of 40 2.5 Points Ellen and Mike are trying to decide where to go for an anniversary dinner. Mike says to Ellen, “Okay, you can have anything you want. We can do Chinese, Italian, Thai, Mexican, or Spanish food. If you want sushi, that is fine, or we can go to an upscale steakhouse! I’m even fine if you want to go get a few fast-food burgers and then go for ice cream. So what will it be?” According to the concept of decision aversion, what is Ellen likely to choose? A. Ellen is likely to get angry at Mike for not choosing dinner. B. Ellen is likely to make no choice at all. C. Ellen will choose the most expensive meal, since Mike gave her the option of choosing anything she wants. D. Ellen will consider which meal she likes the best and choose a restaurant that will serve that meal. Question 2 of 40 2.5 Points __________ is a rare disorder that occasionally accompanies autism in which a person of below-average intelligence has an extraordinary ability. A. Impulsive ability syndrome B. Savant syndrome C. Prodigy disorder D. Schizoaffective disorder Question 3 of 40 2.5 Points The __________ state refers to a problem-solving condition in which a person has incomplete or unsatisfactory information. A. initial B. boggled C. inadequate D. misinformed Question 4 of 40 2.5 Points The __________ bias describes the effect that occurs when a person’s existing ways of thinking distort his or her logical decisions. A. hindsight B. representative C. heuristic D. belief Question 5 of 40 2.5 Points Have you ever been distracted while you were speaking and accidentally switched the sounds of two words? For example, a person might mean to say, “I’m going to get a turkey sandwich” and instead say, “I’m going to get a surkey tandwich.” This type of expressive inversion is called a __________. A. phonemic reversal B. syntactic switch C. spoonerism D. morphism Question 6 of 40 2.5 Points The term book knowledge most resembles __________ intelligence from the theory of Robert Sternberg. A. analytic B. emotional C. practical D. academic Question 7 of 40 2.5 Points Which of the following is one of the aspects of intelligence according to the theory of psychologist Robert Sternberg? A. interpersonal intelligence B. crystallized intelligence C. intrapersonal intelligence D. creative intelligence Question 8 of 40 2.5 Points The __________ fallacy is a phenomenon that causes people to believe that additional information increases the probability that a statement is true, even though that probability actually decreased. A. hindsight B. irrationality C. conjunction D. discursion Question 9 of 40 2.5 Points Going from broad to specific conclusions is called __________, while going from specific examples to broad conclusions is called __________ reasoning. A. theoretical; analytical B. deductive; inductive C. analytical; theoretical D. inductive; deductive Ques ...

1. Question 1 of 40
2.5 Points
Ellen and Mike are trying to decide where to go for an
anniversary dinner. Mike says to Ellen, “Okay, you can have
anything you want. We can do Chinese, Italian, Thai, Mexican,
or Spanish food. If you want sushi, that is fine, or we can go to
an upscale steakhouse! I’m even fine if you want to go get a few
fast-food burgers and then go for ice cream. So what will it be?”
According to the concept of decision aversion, what is Ellen
likely to choose?
A. Ellen is likely to get angry at Mike for not choosing dinner.
B. Ellen is likely to make no choice at all.
C. Ellen will choose the most expensive meal, since Mike gave
her the option of choosing anything she wants.
D. Ellen will consider which meal she likes the best and choose
a restaurant that will serve that meal.
Question 2 of 40
2.5 Points
__________ is a rare disorder that occasionally accompanies
autism in which a person of below-average intelligence has an
extraordinary ability.

2. A. Impulsive ability syndrome
B. Savant syndrome
C. Prodigy disorder
D. Schizoaffective disorder
Question 3 of 40
2.5 Points
The __________ state refers to a problem-solving condition in
which a person has incomplete or unsatisfactory information.
A. initial
B. boggled
C. inadequate
D. misinformed
Question 4 of 40

3. 2.5 Points
The __________ bias describes the effect that occurs when a
person’s existing ways of thinking distort his or her logical
decisions.
A. hindsight
B. representative
C. heuristic
D. belief
Question 5 of 40
2.5 Points
Have you ever been distracted while you were speaking and
accidentally switched the sounds of two words? For example, a
person might mean to say, “I’m going to get a turkey sandwich”
and instead say, “I’m going to get a surkey tandwich.” This type
of expressive inversion is called a __________.
A. phonemic reversal
B. syntactic switch

4. C. spoonerism
D. morphism
Question 6 of 40
2.5 Points
The term book knowledge most resembles __________
intelligence from the theory of Robert Sternberg.
A. analytic
B. emotional
C. practical
D. academic
Question 7 of 40
2.5 Points
Which of the following is one of the aspects of intelligence
according to the theory of psychologist Robert Sternberg?
A. interpersonal intelligence

5. B. crystallized intelligence
C. intrapersonal intelligence
D. creative intelligence
Question 8 of 40
2.5 Points
The __________ fallacy is a phenomenon that causes people to
believe that additional information increases the probability that
a statement is true, even though that probability actually
decreased.
A. hindsight
B. irrationality
C. conjunction
D. discursion
Question 9 of 40
2.5 Points
Going from broad to specific conclusions is called __________,
while going from specific examples to broad conclusions is
called __________ reasoning.

6. A. theoretical; analytical
B. deductive; inductive
C. analytical; theoretical
D. inductive; deductive
Question 10 of 40
2.5 Points
Research finds that strong central __________ functioning, the
set of mental processes that governs goals, strategies, and
coordination of the mind’s activities, is related to higher
intelligence.
A. executive
B. cognitive
C. psychic
D. unconscious

7. Question 11 of 40
2.5 Points
Recently, Marika had to end an eighteen-month-long
relationship with Joshua, a man with whom she was deeply in
love. She recognized, however, that they did not want the same
things out of life; specifically, Joshua wanted to get married
someday, and Marika was not interested in marriage. Though
they tried to work out a compromise, it was not going to work
out. Even though ending the relationship was painful, Marika
was able to understand and manage her own feelings, even to
the point of helping Joshua through the break-up with as little
pain as possible. Marika is clearly very gifted in the area of
__________ intelligence.
A. self-aware
B. intrapersonal
C. savant
D. emotional
Question 12 of 40
2.5 Points
As Rebekah is driving to the hotel where her business
convention is being held, she finds that she cannot quite figure
out how to get there. The set of __________, which consists of
the steps she would need to figure out how to get to her
destination, might first have her (1. pull to the side of the road,
(2. retrieve her GPS unit from the glove compartment, (3. plug

8. in the unit, (4. type in the address of her destination, and (5.
follow the verbal commands until she gets to the hotel.
A. best fits
B. reductions
C. functionality
D. operations
Question 13 of 40
2.5 Points
During a lecture on the dangers of stereotypes, Dr. Humphrey
stated to her class, “As an example of a commonly held
stereotype, some people believe that African-American
individuals are less intelligent than Caucasian individuals.” A
student in her class who was not paying attention only heard her
say, “African-American individuals are less intelligent than
Caucasian individuals.” Clearly there will be a problem based
on this miscommunication, but the real issue is that the
__________ of the issue that was provided by the teacher was
different than that which was received by the student.
A. communication
B. schema

9. C. point of view
D. framing
Question 14 of 40
2.5 Points
__________ is the cognitive process of organizing information
or beliefs into a series of steps to reach conclusions.
A. Verbalizing
B. Reasoning
C. Concentrating
D. Schematic processing
Question 15 of 40
2.5 Points
All politicians are dirty, crooked, and dishonest, right? How
many examples of dirty politicians can you come up with? The
fact that you might be able to immediately think of a few
examples of dirty politicians may lead you to believe that all
politicians are, in fact, dishonest. This is an example of the
__________ heuristic.

10. A. conjunction
B. confirmation
C. availability
D. representative
Question 16 of 40
2.5 Points
A very popular book that discusses common grammatical errors
is called Eats, Shoots and Leaves. This book title is humorous
because the __________ ambiguity allows for two possible
interpretations of the thought: (1. a person had a meal, pulled
out and fired a gun, and then exited, or (2. an animal consumes
both shoots and leaves as part of its diet.
A. semantic
B. lexical
C. structural
D. morphemic

11. Question 17 of 40
2.5 Points
Linguistic __________ states that different languages impose
different conceptions of reality. A prime example of this is the
fact that the ancient Mayan culture had no word that meant
“zero,” and thus their reality did not include a concept of the
“absence of value.”
A. morphism
B. determinism
C. relativism
D. phonemics
Question 18 of 40
2.5 Points
Jill is thirteen years old and has been taking ballet class for four
years. Her teacher is very impressed with her skill and has
suggested that Jill and her parents consider whether she could
be able to have a career in dance. According to Gardner’s
theory, Jill has a strength in __________ intelligence.
A. bodily/kinesthetic

12. B. naturalistic
C. spatial
D. musical
Question 19 of 40
2.5 Points
When it comes to testing the intelligence of people from
different cultural backgrounds who live in the same community,
which of the following statements is the most accurate?
A. It may be impossible to create an intelligence test completely
free of cultural bias.
B. As long as the IQ test is given in a uniform manner, the
influence of different cultural backgrounds is minimal and it is
not necessary to consider those differences.
C. The only time an IQ test has cultural bias is if the test
administrator has a particular desire to act in a way that
discriminates against the test taker.
D. Cultural bias is not something that needs to be considered,
but gender bias is a very salient topic in the world of
intelligence testing.

13. Question 20 of 40
2.5 Points
“Samuel wears a hat. All baseball players wear a hat. Therefore,
Samuel is a baseball player.” The preceding is an inaccurate
conclusion based on two premises. “Samuel is a baseball player.
All baseball players wear a hat. Therefore, Samuel wears a hat.”
The preceding is an accurate conclusion based on two premises.
Even though only one of these statements comes to an accurate
conclusion, they both use a __________.
A. discursion
B. induction
C. syllogism
D. deduction
Question 21 of 40
2.5 Points
Which of the following is an example of a primary sex
characteristic?
A. changes in vocal tone
B. growth of the breasts

14. C. growth of facial hair
D. growth of the genitals
Question 22 of 40
2.5 Points
Which theorist led the case for the influence of social
interactions on cognitive development?
A. Urie Bronfrenbrenner
B. Lev Vygotsky
C. Sigmund Freud
D. Jean Piaget
Question 23 of 40
2.5 Points
According to theory, which is supported by research, if children
are deprived of the opportunity to learn language in the years
before __________, it will be very difficult if not impossible
for them to ever master the rules of grammar.

15. A. entering school
B. adolescence
C. toddlerhood
D. puberty
Question 24 of 40
2.5 Points
Though the recent research has its problems, it has suggested
which of the following trends about intelligence changes as we
age?
A. Intelligence is generally very stable, and may even increase
into later adulthood.
B. Intelligence is a very static phenomenon – there are no
significant changes that occur over the course of the lifespan.
C. Intelligence is an inverted U-shaped curve – it starts low,
increases through childhood into adulthood, and then shows a
significant decline as we get over the age of seventy years.
D. Intelligence is a linear phenomenon – it slowly increases as
we age from childhood to adulthood, getting higher the older we
get.

16. Question 25 of 40
2.5 Points
Which part of the brain experiences the greatest growth between
the ages of three and six years?
A. temporal lobes
B. parietal lobes
C. frontal lobes
D. occipital lobes
Question 26 of 40
2.5 Points
The fact that teenagers often feel like adults far earlier than
they develop the ability to make sensible, well-thought-out
decisions reflects the fact that the __________ often matures
more quickly than the __________ lobe.
A. amygdala; parietal
B. hypothalamus; occipital

17. C. thalamus; temporal
D. limbic system; frontal
Question 27 of 40
2.5 Points
When a parent wants a young child to look at something on the
floor, the phenomenon called joint visual attention says that the
parent should __________.
A. point to the object
B. look at that object
C. set the baby down in front of the object
D. lift the baby up so that he or she is looking down at the
object
Question 28 of 40
2.5 Points
The development of the __________ lobes of the cerebrum
allows an adolescent to start developing the ability to reason.
A. temporal

18. B. occipital
C. parietal
D. frontal
Question 29 of 40
2.5 Points
Despite popular believe that “most” people experience a crisis
when they come to their middle adulthood years, recent research
has found that only __________% of adults reported
experiencing a midlife crisis.
A. 2
B. 5
C. 7
D. 10
Question 30 of 40
2.5 Points
As Emily, a sixty-eight-year-old widow, went about her day, she
was certain that there was something that she’d forgotten to do.
Somewhere around 8:30 at night, she realized that she’d

19. forgotten to go to the bank to buy traveler’s checks for her
upcoming trip to Hawaii. This memory failure, which in this
case was related to her __________ memory, is something that
often declines in the later years.
A. proactive
B. executive
C. episodic
D. prospective
Question 31 of 40
2.5 Points
Why does exercise help to reduce memory loss and brain
decline in older adults?
A. Because exercise reduces our need to use medications, many
of which cause damage to brain cells over time.
B. Because exercise stimulates neurons and actually helps the
brain to grow new cells.
C. Because exercise helps increase the flow of oxygen and
nutrients to the brain.

20. D. Because exercise helps to remove toxins from our system
that are stored in fat cells.
Question 32 of 40
2.5 Points
By the time a child reaches the age of around eighteen months,
he or she will start rapidly learning new words and associating
them with their meanings. In fact, children at this age may learn
up to __________ new nouns every day!
A. ten
B. twenty-five
C. forty-five
D. sixty
Question 33 of 40
2.5 Points
When young Ari was born, his father was absolutely amazed by
the fact that his head was proportionally so much larger than the
rest of his body. In talking with his wife, a developmental
psychologist, about his reaction, she laughed and said, “Oh
that’s so normal! Children tend to grow from top to bottom, in a
pattern called the __________ rule.”

21. A. proximodistal
B. cephalocaudal
C. north-to-south
D. motor-sequencing
Question 34 of 40
2.5 Points
Which of the following statements is the best summary of the
cognitive development theory of Lev Vygotsky?
A. Cognitive development occurs on a social level before it
occurs at the individual level.
B. Children are in need of strict boundaries from their parents
so they can learn what to and what not to do.
C. Cognitive development occurs when children are left to their
own devices, with as little influence as possible from outside
factors.
D. Children are little scientists who learn by exploring.

22. Question 35 of 40
2.5 Points
Which of the following is one of the stages of prenatal
development?
A. zygotic stage
B. germinal stage
C. intra-utero stage
D. umbilical stage
Question 36 of 40
2.5 Points
Which theorist suggested that we are born with a neurological
mechanism that leaves us biologically prepared to use language
skills?
A. Lev Vygotsky
B. Jean Piaget
C. Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck

23. D. Noam Chomsky
Question 37 of 40
2.5 Points
“Raindrops keep falling on my head. And just like the guy
whose feet are too big for his bed, nothing seems to fit!” These
lyrics to a popular song describe a very uncomfortable sleeping
arrangement! There are several ways this problem can be
solved. If the singer chooses to cut off his feet so that he fits in
the existing bed, this would be similar to the Piagetian concept
of __________.
A. accommodation
B. adaptation
C. assimilation
D. schema transformation
Question 38 of 40
2.5 Points
Why is it easier for men to make the psychological adjustment
to the physical changes of andropause than it is for women to
adjust to the physical changes of menopause?

24. A. Because research suggests that being male makes a person
more psychologically resilient to changes in all areas of life.
B. Because the loss of estrogen makes women far more
emotional than men, who are simply seeing a reduction in
testosterone.
C. Because it is far easier to hide the symptoms of andropause
than it is to hide the symptoms of menopause.
D. Because the changes associated with andropause are more
subtle and appear over a longer period of time.
Question 39 of 40
2.5 Points
Which of the following is true with regard to the order of
development of motor skills?
A. Babies develop motor skills based on what they see, so it is
largely a function of imitation.
B. Babies develop motor skills in very unique sequences, so
there is no “order” of skills that is considered typical.
C. Motor development in babies has two predictable paths – one
for sighted children and one for blind children.

25. D. Motor development tends to occur in a universal sequence
and thus specific skills predictably develop before other skills.
Question 40 of 40
2.5 Points
In Piaget’s theory, the term __________ refers to concepts or
frameworks around which people organize and interpret
information.
A. centrations
B. operations
C. schemas
D. centrisms