Question 1 1. What is meant by the term "Yellow Boy"? Refers to a metals-laden acidic leachate mixed with the natural alkalinity of receiving streams Refers to a non-toxic metals-laden leachate that is mixed in an acidic solution Refers to an alkaline-based leachate that is released into streams as "runoff" from industrial processes Refers to the naturally occurring process that is derived from the mining of gold ore over a prolonged period of time 4 points   Question 2 1. In a 1989 study, which of the following chemicals were shown to have migrated from contaminated soils into the air and eventually accumulated in the fish and wildlife of the Great Lakes? Arsenic and chlordane Lindane and mercury 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T PCB and DDT 4 points   Question 3 1. Which characteristic of hazardous waste deals with pH? Ignitabilty Corrosivity Reactivity Toxicity 4 points   Question 4 1. In 1988 Congress amended what act that required the EPA to end the dumping of sewage sludge and industrial wastes into the ocean waters? Clean Water Act (CWA) Federal Water Pollution Control Act Rivers and Harbors Act Marine Protection Research and Sanctuaries Act. 4 points   Question 5 1. What individual was a key figure in governmental efforts to control interstate pollution or contamination of fish or shellfish? Rachael Carson Murray Stein Carol Browner John F. Kennedy 4 points   Question 6 1. In what year were federal agencies brought under Superfund rules? 1986 1978 1979 1970 4 points   Question 7 1. Which dump site had over 6.4 million cubic feet of arsenical sludge and organic chemical wastes in it? Hardeman County Landfill Site Uravan Site Stringfellow Pitts Labounty Site 4 points   Question 8 1. The FWPCA of 1972 had all of the following as main elements except which one? NPDES permit system Receiving water quality standards Specific provisions for oil spills and discharges of toxic chemicals Provisions for a specific research program 4 points   Question 9 1. Japan experienced a hazardous waste disaster when large amounts of what product was released to a river that flowed into Minamata Bay? Kepone Mercury Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons Dioxin 4 points   Question 10 1. Where does RCRA define hazardous wastes? 29 CFR 261 and 262 40 CFR 261 and 262 29 CFR 1910.1200 40 CFR 1910.1200 4 points   Question 11 – 200 words 1. Review the “administrative” actions described on page 27 in the textbook. Describe any recent example of governmental action (or inaction) that might be similar to this example of bureaucratic bungling and allows hazardous wastes (or a “toxic soup”) to remain in the public sector for an extended period of time. Express your own thoughts as to the potential outcome of your stated situation. Question 12 – 200 words 1. Access the web site of the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board at www.csb.gov and choose a recent incident and investigat ...

1. Question 1
1. What is meant by the term "Yellow Boy"?
Refers to a metals-laden acidic leachate mixed with the natural
alkalinity of receiving streams
Refers to a non-toxic metals-laden leachate that is mixed in an
acidic solution
Refers to an alkaline-based leachate that is released into streams
as "runoff" from industrial processes
Refers to the naturally occurring process that is derived from
the mining of gold ore over a prolonged period of time
4 points
Question 2
1. In a 1989 study, which of the following chemicals were
shown to have migrated from contaminated soils into the air and
eventually accumulated in the fish and wildlife of the Great
Lakes?
Arsenic and chlordane
Lindane and mercury
2,4-D and 2,4,5-T

2. PCB and DDT
4 points
Question 3
1. Which characteristic of hazardous waste deals with pH?
Ignitabilty
Corrosivity
Reactivity
Toxicity
4 points
Question 4
1. In 1988 Congress amended what act that required the EPA to
end the dumping of sewage sludge and industrial wastes into the
ocean waters?
Clean Water Act (CWA)
Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Rivers and Harbors Act
Marine Protection Research and Sanctuaries Act.
4 points
Question 5

3. 1. What individual was a key figure in governmental efforts to
control interstate pollution or contamination of fish or
shellfish?
Rachael Carson
Murray Stein
Carol Browner
John F. Kennedy
4 points
Question 6
1. In what year were federal agencies brought under Superfund
rules?
1986
1978
1979
1970
4 points
Question 7
1. Which dump site had over 6.4 million cubic feet of arsenical
sludge and organic chemical wastes in it?

4. Hardeman County Landfill Site
Uravan Site
Stringfellow Pitts
Labounty Site
4 points
Question 8
1. The FWPCA of 1972 had all of the following as main
elements except which one?
NPDES permit system
Receiving water quality standards
Specific provisions for oil spills and discharges of toxic
chemicals
Provisions for a specific research program
4 points
Question 9
1. Japan experienced a hazardous waste disaster when large
amounts of what product was released to a river that flowed into
Minamata Bay?
Kepone

5. Mercury
Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
Dioxin
4 points
Question 10
1. Where does RCRA define hazardous wastes?
29 CFR 261 and 262
40 CFR 261 and 262
29 CFR 1910.1200
40 CFR 1910.1200
4 points
Question 11 – 200 words
1. Review the “administrative” actions described on page 27 in
the textbook. Describe any recent example of governmental
action (or inaction) that might be similar to this example of
bureaucratic bungling and allows hazardous wastes (or a “toxic
soup”) to remain in the public sector for an extended period of
time. Express your own thoughts as to the potential outcome of
your stated situation.
Question 12 – 200 words
1. Access the web site of the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard
Investigation Board at

6. www.csb.gov and choose a recent incident and investigation
that is of interest to you. Describe the incident and the
chemicals and hazardous wastes that were involved. (Minimum
200-300 words please)
Question 1
1. What is the difference between a chemical asphyxiant and a
simple or mechanical asphyxiant?
A mechanical or simple asphyxiant requires application by the
means of a medium or some other form of a mechanical devise.
A chemical asphyxiant denies oxygen to the cells of the host
organism; whereas a simple or mechanical asphyxiant displaces
the available oxygen in the air.
A chemical asphyxiant causes a molecular change in the
structure of the oxygen atom in the atmosphere changing it from
O2 to O3; whereas a mechanical or simple asphyxiant changes
the way the body receives oxygen.
A mechanical or simple asphyxiant is caused by an obstruction
of the airway of the host organism; whereas a chemical
asphyxiant denies oxygen to the cells of the host organism.
4 points
Question 2
1. Some other hazards, beside chronic and acute toxic effects,
associated with hazardous wastes include all of the following
except which one?
Sudden release of material under pressure

7. Ignition of materials due to oxygen enrichment
Chemical reaction that produce explosion, fire, or heat
Carcinogenesis and teratogenesis
4 points
Question 3
1. Toxicity, in the hazardous waste context, is described best by
which of the following?
The ability to cause adverse affects with target organism within
a 2-week period of exposure
The ability of a chemical constituent or combination of
constituents in a waste to produce injury upon contact with a
susceptible site
Ability to cause adverse effects manifested over a prolonged
period of exposure
Refers to poisonous substances which may cause death or
serious injury to humans or animal life by interfering with
normal body physiology
4 points
Question 4
1. How much time may elapse before notification is made to the
National Response Center after a generator discovers that they
must evacuate the general public from a 1-mile radius of their
facility for a 3-hour period, and that they must close down the

8. main road outside the plant for 6 hours?
1 hour
30 minutes
2 hours
Immediately
4 points
Question 5
1. Where are the regulations that tell the generator how to
comply with accumulation and storage requirements for
hazardous wastes?
40 CFR 252
29 CFR 1900
29 CFR 1910.1200
40 CFR 262
4 points
Question 6
1. Which of the following is not true?
Chemical components that are chronically toxic to mammals

9. may be injurious when inhaled, ingested, and/or contacted with
the skin over a short duration.
Absorption of toxicants through the epidermal layer of the skin,
and into the bloodstream, is hindered by the densely packed
layer of rough, keratinized epidermal cells.
Inhalation of air contaminants is probably the most important
route of entry of chemicals to the body in industrial situations.
Systemic toxicants are chemical compounds that exhibit their
effect dramatically upon a specific organ system and possibly
far from the site of entry.
4 points
Question 7
1. The federal biennial report covers generator activities during
the previous year and includes all but which one of the
following?
EPA ID number, name and address of the generator
EPA ID number and name of each transporter used during the
year
Descriptions and quantities of each hazardous waste generated
Corporate EPA ID number and EPA ID number for each
independent laboratory used for hazardous waste analysis
4 points

10. Question 8
1. Under OECD which of the following wastes moves on a
shipment-by-shipment basis requiring prior written notification
and preapproval withconsent from the importing and transit
countries?
Red-list wastes
Yellow-list wastes
Green-list wastes
Amber-list wastes
4 points
Question 9
1. Export of hazardous waste from the U.S. to another country
is prohibited unless ____________.
the hazardous waste shipment conforms to the terms of the
receiving country's consent (40 CFR 262.52)
notification of intent to export has been provided to EPA at
least 30 days in advance of shipment
the exporter has received a copy of the EPA "Intent to Ship
Hazardous Waste Notification"
DOT has been notified at least 60 days in advance of the intent

11. to ship
4 points
Question 10
1. How long must a generator keep copies of each signed
manifest from the date it was signed?
1 year
2 years
3 years
5 years
4 points
Question 11 – 200 word anwser
1. Differentiate between the terms hazardous materials,
hazardous wastes, and hazardous substances as defined and used
by DOT, EPA, and RCRA. (e.g. check the glossary)
Question 12 - 200 word anwser
1. Describe and discuss the main routes by which toxic
chemicals enter the human body. Be specific and provide
examples of chemicals that might use each main route in the
body.
Question 1
1. Write an essay consisting of at least 500 words addressing
ALL of the following topics (a. through e.):
a. Describe the Anthem Community Park in Maricopa, Arizona?
Why do you think the authors included it in the textbook?
b. Regarding heavy metals:
i. Explain how heavy metals are an environmental health
problem.

12. ii. How does a heavy metal get into the food chain?
iii. List two heavy metals and describe why they are health
concerns.
c. What are the pros and cons of DDT and PCBs? Why, at one
time, were DDT and PCBs extremely useful chemicals, but now
they are prohibited? Explain how Rachel Carson's book, Silent
Spring, had an influence on DDT regulations.
d. If a soil consists of 65% sand, 25% silt, and 10% clay, what
is its soil classification using the triangular soil classification
chart?
e. Describe the type of soil and bedrock in the city or military
base where you reside (or the nearest city to your home or
base).
You are required to use at least your textbook as source material
for your response. All sources used, including the textbook,
must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have
accompanying citations.
Question 2
1. Write an essay consisting of at least 500 words addressing
ALL of the following topics (a. through h.):
a. If the elevation of locations D and E are 30 m instead of 55
m, and all other items are the same as shown in Figure 2-5 on
page 26 of your textbook, what is the pressure at D in kPa?
Show your work.
b. Explain how a Bourdon pressure gage works and how a
pressure transducer works.
c. A 6-inch diameter pipe flowing full carries water at an
average velocity of 8 ft/s. What is the flow rate in the pipe in
cfs? Show your work.
d. In Figure 2-14(b), why is h2 less than h1?
e. Explain what the hydraulic grade line represents and why it is
useful.
f. If water flows through a pressurized pipe with an HGL slope
of 0.04 ft/ft over a distance of 2000 ft, what is the pressure loss
in psi? Show your work.
g. A particular gravity sewer conveys 2 cfs when flowing full. If

13. instead, this sewer flows at a d/D ratio of 0.94 (see Figure 2-22
for definition of d/D ratio), what is the flow rate in cfs?
h. Explain the differences between gradually varied flow and
rapidly varied flow.
You are required to use at least your textbook as source material
for your response. All sources used, including the textbook,
must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have
accompanying citations.
Question 1
1. Write an essay consisting of at least 500 words addressing
ALL of the following topics (a. through i.):
a. Explain why rainfall varies throughout the United States.
b. Explain how the urban hydrologic cycle is different from the
natural hydrologic cycle.
c. If 2 inches of rain falls during an 8-hour storm, what is the
average rainfall intensity in inch/hour?
d. Explain the concept of recurrence interval.
e. Using Figure 3-6 in our textbook, what is the rainfall
intensity (inch/hour) of a 100-year storm having a duration of
80 minutes?
f. What is the 100-year, 24-hour rainfall in Minneapolis,
Minnesota (in inches)?
g. In a hydrograph, explain the concept of "base flow".
h. Perform an Internet search and provide a website that shows
a hydrograph for a river in the state of Nebraska. What is the
maximum flow (also known as discharge and flow rate) shown
on the graph?
i. Explain the concept of radius of influence of a pumping well.
You are required to use at least your textbook as source material
for your response. All sources used, including the textbook,
must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have
accompanying citations.
50 points
Question 2

14. 1. Write an essay consisting of at least 500 words addressing
ALL of the following topics (a. through i.):
a. Describe the difference between atomic weight, atomic
number, and isotope.
b. If 15 grams of salt is dissolved in 500,000 grams of water,
what is the salt concentration in ppm? Show your work.
c. Explain the significance of the water quality parameters
turbidity, temperature, color, taste, and odor.
d. Describe biochemical oxygen demand. Why is it an important
water quality parameter?
e. A sewage sample has a 5-day BOD of 350 mg/L. If
k=0.15/day, what is the ultimate BOD? Show your work.
f. In Example 4-5 on page 91 of your textbook, what would be
the TDS concentration (mg/L) if 150 mL of the sample were
evaporated from the dish, rather than 100 mL (all other numbers
remain the same)?
g. Explain the significance of chlorine residual and fluoride in
drinking water?
h. What is the significance of algae and viruses to water
quality?
i. Describe the multiple-tube fermentation method for coliform
bacteria?
You are required to use at least your textbook as source material
for your response. All sources used, including the textbook,
must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have
accompanying citations.
Question 1
1. What is sustainability? Do you think that it is possible for the
growing human population to live sustainably and still provide a
standard of living that would be acceptable to most individuals?

15. Why, or why not?
Your response must be at least 200 words in length. You are
required to use at least your textbook as source material for
your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must
be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have
accompanying citations.
Question 2
1. What is the difference between a positive and negative
feedback loop? Describe and discuss one example of each type
of feedback loop that was not discussed in the text or the course
lecture.
Your response must be at least 200 words in length. You are
required to use at least your textbook as source material for
your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must
be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have
accompanying citations.
25 points
Question 3
1. Which of the environmental issues that the text defines as
�persistent challenges� do you feel is the most pressing?
Discuss your reasoning and outline some of most important
steps we should take to solve the problem.
Your response must be at least 200 words in length. You are
required to use at least your textbook as source material for
your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must
be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have
accompanying citations.
Question 4
1. Match each term with its definition or the chemical equation
that describes its processes.

16. Photosynthesis
ATP/NADPH
Chlorophyll
Chloroplasts
Cellular respiration
A.
Hydrocarbon atoms with one or more attached chlorine atoms
B.
A unique green molecule that can absorb light energy and use it
to create high-energy chemical bonds
C.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6H2O + CO2 + released energy
D.
Mobile, high-energy particles created in the light-dependent
reactions of photosynthesis
E.
6H2O + 6CO2 + solar energy C6H12O6 + 6O2

17. F.
Plant organelles in which photosynthesis occurs