Last Caliph of Islam

1. By Humna Irfan
BS 6th Semester
Topic: Hazrat Ali (R.A)

2. Introduction:
 Title: Asad Allah (The Lion of Allah), Abū
Turāb (Father of Dust) Al Murtadha (One with
whom God is pleased)
 Birth : 13th Rajab, Friday(23 years before
Hijrat) in the Holy Ka’bah in Mecca.
 Death: Died at the age of 63, in Kufah (Iraq)
on Monday, 21st Ramzan 40 AH.
 Mother: Bibi Fatima binte Asad
 Father: Abu Talib ibne Abdul Mutallib

3. Early Life
 When Ali was five years old, he was taken in
and raised by Muhammad and his
wife Khadijah.
 At age 10 Ali became, according to tradition,
the second person after Khadijah to accept
Islam.
 “The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) brought me up in
his own arms and fed me from his own plate. I
followed him wherever he went like a baby
camel following his mother” –Hazrat Ali (R.A)

4. His relationship with Prophet
(SAW)
 The holy Prophet (SAW) gave him his name.
 On opening his eyes after his birth, the first
person who saw was the holy Prophet (SAW).
 He was the first cousin of the holy Prophet
(SAW), later married Prophet’s most beloved
daughter, Hazrat Fatima R.A
 The Prophet P.B.U.H said :
1. “Ali(R.A) is from me and I am from
him, and he is the protector of every
true believer after me”
2. “I am the city of knowledge and Ali is

5. Spouses
Hazrat
Fatima
Hazrat
Umamah
Hazrat
Leila
Hazrat
Asma
Hazrat
Khawlah
Hazrat Al
Sahba
Descendants
• Hazrat Hasan(RA)
• Hazrat Hussain(RA)
• Hazrat Zaynab(RA)
• Hazrat Umm Kulthum(RA)
• Hazrat Muhsin(RA)
• Hazrat Mohammad(RA)
• Hazrat Abbas(RA)
• Hazrat Abdullah(RA)
• Hazrat Hilal(RA)
• Hazrat Mohammad Ibn Abi Bakar(RA) (stepson)

6. Role in Battles
 He was popularly called “Asadullah”(the Lion of
Allah) because of his braveness.
 He participate in all the battles and was always in
the forefront.
 In the first battle Badr, he fought and killed more
enemies than anyone else.
 In the battle of Uhud, he protected the Prophet
alone while the others ran away in fear.
 And in the battle of Khandaq, he killed Amar ibne
Abde Waas, the strongest enemy soldier.

7. Ali (R.A) election as fourth
caliph of Islam
 Five days after the death of Caliph Usman, by a
unanimous election, in which representatives
from Basra, Kufa, Egypt and Hijaz took part, Ali
(R.A) was selected as a caliph.
 This event took place on the 24th Zilhaj, 34 A.H.
 He was elected as the Khalifa in the most critical
period of Islamic history.
 The period of Hazrat Ali (R.A) Khilafat extending
to four years and about nine months, was marked
by civil war

8. Hazrat Ali’s oath as a caliph
“O Muslims! You have given me your pledge
of loyalty, and I know that you have not done
so without forethought. Yet, your aims and my
aims in the tasks lying ahead of us, may not
necessarily be the same. I want to mobilize
you for obedience and service to God; but
many among you are hoping that I will give
them rich estates or high ranks in the
government. This is something that will not
happen.”

9. His works as a ruler:
 He created a Central Bureau, where he
distributed the work of training the crude Arabs
into educated and civilized beings.
 Made improvement in administration, to make
due arrangements for security of the state from
external attacks, to maintain law and order, to
check corruption and bribery, to provide equal
opportunities.
 Impartiality and equity were the key-notes of his
policy on distribution of wealth.

10. Finance Department under his
rulership:
 IAli was the first man to introduce the budget system
for collection of revenues and for its expenditure.
Each province had to present its budget directly to
him for approval.
 The first reform that Ali (RA) introduced was to
recognize the Treasury and Accounts Department.
 The department of the Public Finance was divided
into two sections:
(a) Collection section and
(b) Distribution section
 When distributing the revenues of the state treasury,
Ali made no distinction between high and low, rich
and poor, and Arab and non-Arab. In his sight, they
were all equal.

11. Army Department
 Ali (RA) was a born soldier and had started his
military career at the age of fourteen, when he
acted as a bodyguard to the Prophet.
 The first liability on the State exchequer was the
army department.
 Every governor of the province besides being chief
finance officer of the province was also the
Commander of the army.
 He hated murder and bloodshed and desired his
soldiers to be soldiers in the service of Allah and
religion.

12. References:
 [91] Kitabul Gharat
 [92] Sirajul Mubin; al-Murtaza; Kitabul Gharat.
 https://www.al-islam.org/
 https://www.ancient.eu/Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib/

13. Thank You