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1. GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC
KHAMGAON
Dis;-Buldhana-443402(Maharastra)
Subject;-Industrial Measurement(22420)
A Micro project on
Different types of temperature measurement scale
The guidance of
Prof.N.Shah
Engg Department
2021-2022

2. Certificate
This is to certify that,
Mr./Ms.Suprit sharad mali Roll no.72 of 4th semester
Dimploma Course in Electrical Engineering of Government
Polytechnic,khamgaon (0021)has completed the micro-
Project titled as-Different type temprature measurement scale satisfactorily
Under the course IM course code (22420) for academic year
2021-2022 as prescribed in the curriculum.
Place;-Khamgaon Enrollment no;-2100210418
Date;- Signature;-

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to our
respected principal Prof.S.S.Prabhune as well as our respected Head
of Deparment Prof.M.W.Mundhada who gave us a golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project.I would also like to
express my thanks to our project-in charge Prof.N.Shah to let us
perform some new things and complete this project.I am really
thankful to them.I would.also like to thanks all the staff members of
Eelectrical Engineering for their kind cooperation and guidance.

4. Index
• 1)Introduction
• 2)Celsius scale
• 3)Fahrenheit scale
• 4)Kelvin Scale
• 5)Rankine scale
• 6)Points comparision table
• 7)Temprature scale comparision
• 8)Advantages and Disadvantages

5. Introduction
• Hot and cold are measured using a numeric scale calledtemperature.temperature
scale are how to communicate about weather,measure safety and comfort and
explain the physical world.using baselines chosen by scientist to create relative
measurements,temperature scales measure heat intensity,or the amount of
thermal energy contained in material or substance(like air,a pot of water or the
surface of the sun).there are four commonly used measurement system;-
Fahrenhit,Celsius,kelvin,Rankine.the Celsius temperature scale is standard in
virtually all countries that have adopted the metric system of measuremet,it is
widely used in the science.The kelvin scale an absolute temperature scale
(obtained by shifting the Celsius scale by -273.15°so that absolute zero coincide
with 0k)is recognized as the international standard for scientific temperature
measurement.In certain field of engineering ,another absolute temperature
scale,the rankine scale is preferred over the kelvin scale.its unit of measure the
degree Rankine (°R)equal the Fahrenheit degrees,as the kelvin equals one Celsius
degree.

6. Celsius scale
• Celsius is a scale and unit of measurement for a temperature. It is most
commonly use temperature units. the unit of measurement is degree Celsius
From 1743 until 1954, 0°C was defined as the freezing point of water, and 100°C
was defined as the boiling point of water, both at a pressure of one standard
atmosphere, with mercury as the working material. Although these defining
correlations are commonly taught in schools today, by international agreement
the unit “degree Celsius” and the Celsius scale are currently defined by two
different temperatures: absolute zero and the triple point of Vienna Standard
Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW; specially purified water). This definition also
precisely relates the Celsius scale to the Kelvin scale, which defines the SI base
unit of thermodynamic temperature and which uses the symbol K. Absolute zero,
the lowest temperature possible (the temperature at which matter reaches
minimum entropy), is defined as being precisely 0K and -273.15°C. The
temperature of the triple point of water is defined as precisely 273.16K and
0.01°C.

7. Diagram;-
Conversion formula;-[C]=[k]-273.15

8. Fahrenheit scale
• In the Fahrenheit scale , the frizzing of water is defined at 32 degrees,while the
boiling point of water is defined to be 212 degrees. The Fahrenheit system puts
the boiling and freezing points of water exactly 180 degrees apart. Therefore, a
degree on the Fahrenheit scale is 1/180 of the interval between the freezing
point and the boiling point. On the Celsius scale, the freezing and boiling points of
water are 100 degrees apart. A temperature interval of 1 °F is equal to an interval
of 5/9 degrees Celsius (°C). To convert °F to °C, you can use the following
formula:TCelsius=59(TFahrenheit−32)The Fahrenheit and Celsius scales intersect
at -40° (-40 °F and -40 °C represent the same temperature). Absolute zero (-
273.15 °C, or 0K) is defined as -459.67 °F.The Fahrenheit scale was replaced by the
Celsius scale in most countries in the mid- to late-20th century, though Canada
retains it as a supplementary scale that can be used alongside the Celsius scale.
The Fahrenheit scale remains the official scale of the United States, the Cayman
Islands, Palau, the Bahamas, and Belize.

9. Diagram;-
Conversion formula;-[f]=[c]95+32

10. Kelvin scale
• The kelvin is a unit of measurement for temperature the null point of the kelvin scale is
absolute zero,the lowest possible temperature. The kelvin is a unit of measurement for
temperature. It is one of the seven base units in the International System of Units (SI)
and is assigned the unit symbol K. The Kelvin scale is an absolute, thermodynamic
temperature scale using absolute zero as its null point. In the classical description of
thermodynamics, absolute zero is the temperature at which all thermal motion ceases.
The Kelvin scale is named after Glasgow University engineer and physicist William
Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin (1824-1907), who wrote of the need for an “absolute
thermometric scale. ” Unlike the degree Fahrenheit and the degree Celsius, the kelvin is
not referred to or typeset as a degree. The kelvin is the primary unit of measurement in
the physical sciences, but it is often used in conjunction with the degree Celsius, which
has the same magnitude. The kelvin is defined as the fraction 1/273.16 of the
thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water (exactly 0.01°C, or 32.018°F). To
convert kelvin to degrees Celsius, we use the following
formula:TCelsius=TKelvin−273.15Subtracting 273.16K from the temperature of the triple
point of water, 0.01°C, makes absolute zero (0K) equivalent to -273.15°C and -460°F.

11. Diagram;-
Conversion formula;-[k]=[c]+273.15

12. Rankine Scale
• The Rankin temperature scale is a scale for measuring temperatures
proposed in 1859 by the Scottish engineer and physicist William John
Macquorn Rankine.° R. usually denotes the degree on this scale,
Although it coincides with the notation for the degree of the Réaumur
scale.Like the Kelvin temperature scale, the Rankin scale is absolute;
zero-degree is the absolute zero temperature. Unlike Kelvin, which
took the Celsius size of the interval (100 ° between the melting point
of ice and the boiling point of water at normal atmospheric pressure),
Rankine took the magnitude of the degree Fahrenheit (180 ° between
the melting point of ice and boiling point of water at normal
atmospheric pressure).

13. Diagram;-
Conversion formula;-[R]=[K]9/5

14. Points Comparision table;-
Temprature Kelvin Celsius Fahrenheit Rankine
Absolute zero 0 k -273.15 °C -456.67 0°R
Freezing point of
brine
255.37k -17.78°C 0°F 459.67°
Freezing point of
water
273.15k 0°C 32°F 491.67°R
Bolling point of
water
373.1339°C 99.9839°C 211.97102°F 671.64102°R

15. Temprature scale comparision;-

16. Advantage and Disadvatage
• Advantage;-1)Fahrenheit may be familiar to the population of the
country that uses it and change is always difficult.
• 2)Fahrenhit has smaller degrees than Celsius so there is less need to
use decimals.
• Disadvantage;-1)Fahrenheit is slightly less “intuitive”when it comes to
boiling point of water 212 of compared to °C and freezing point of
water 32 of or 0 °C.
• 2)Celsius is used in science so all Fahrenheit temperature have to be
conveted to Celsius when teaching or using science.

17. Conclusion
• In this project we studies about different type of temperature
measurement scale ,its diagram,its coversion formulas, comparision
table,temperature scale comparision ,Advantages and disadvantages.

18. Reference
• We collect some information from search.
• Our subject teacher also help and guid us.
• We take help from our given syllabus.
• Also read E-books regarding that and viewon various website’s.