Differences between Italy and Japan's earthquake, reconstruction, and disaster prevention What you can do for "reconstruction of the heart"

1. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
ITALY AND JAPAN'S EARTHQUAKE, RECONSTRUCTION, AND
DISASTER PREVENTION
WHAT YOU CAN DO FOR "RECONSTRUCTION OF THE HEART"
Honoka Miki

2. self-introduction
◦ Honoka Miki
◦ First year student at a university in Osaka, majoring in psychology
◦ From the experience of fighting illness due to mental illness, I keenly realized the
possibility of psychology (especially peer support)
◦ two interviews
◦ , I have various dreams, such as creating an
◦ Image : Il Messaggero , 2020

3. CHAPTER 1 PAST
DAMAGE
I will explain the past big earthquakes that occurred in Italy and Japan

4. At first
◦ This slide also contains a disastrous image as it also has the purpose of "explaining
the damage caused by the earthquake".
◦ It also includes horrific depictions as well as images.
◦ There is no video so it's okay
◦ Therefore, I will tell you that this slide is not suitable for those who are less resistant
to disaster reports.
◦ If you look too much at the disaster report, it will have a psychological effect (disaster
stress), so I will refrain from doing so as much as possible, but please understand
that the story will not proceed unless you give the minimum necessary information.
◦ The copyright of the image belongs to the person who provided the image, so please
refrain from screenshots and video recording. However, it is okay to have the text I
wrote redistributed ( uploaded to SNS , etc.).
◦ All the local photos provided are kindly provided by my friends. Thank you here.
◦ I also translated the Italian language in the slides.

5. Characteristics of Japanese
earthquakes
◦ There are many earthquakes with a large magnitude in Japan, such as the
◦ 2179 earthquakes
with seismic intensity 1 or higher 78 earthquakes
with maximum seismic intensity 4 or higher 11 earthquakes
◦ ( Quoted from the Japan Meteorological Agency's material " Seismic activity in Japan
in 2018 " https://www.jma.go.jp/jma/press/1901/11a/1812jishin2018.pdf )

6. Characteristics of Japanese
earthquakes
◦ 10% of the world's magnitude 5.0 earthquakes and 20 % of the world's magnitude
6.0 and above earthquakes occur around Japan ( 2000-2009 data).
◦ There is a large-scale earthquake in the world
◦ Quoted from the material "Japan, a country with many earthquakes"

7. Characteristics of the Italian
earthquake
◦ The largest earthquake in Italy was a magnitude 7.7 earthquake near Syracuse
(Sicily) on January 11 , 1693 (Source : Wikipedia ” terremoti in Italia” )
◦ Earthquakes occur every 30 minutes , more than 45 times a day . In
2019 , there were a total of 16,584 earthquakes in Italy each year.
◦ * However, this seems to include earthquakes that humans do not feel.
◦ ANSA news article (
https://www.ansa.it/canale_scienza_tecnica/notizie/terra_poli/2020/01/20/oltre-
16.000-terremoti-in-italia-nel-2019-uno-ogni-30-minuti_6ef7796d-a630 -4369-8f72-
ba3a068d975c.html )

8. Characteristics of the Italian
earthquake
◦ However, according to the previous article,
◦ magnitude 4.5 earthquake struck Mugello ( near Florence) on December 9 , 2019 .
This is the biggest earthquake in
◦ The earthquake forced many people to leave their homes and stay in the car.
◦ (Source :
https://firenze.repubblica.it/cronaca/2019/12/09/news/la_terra_trena_nel_mugello_s
isma_di_magnitudo_4_5-242964113 )
◦ 11 earthquakes with a maximum seismic intensity of 5 lower or higher (according to
the data from the Japan Meteorological Agency) .
◦ * There is a positive correlation between magnitude and seismic intensity (Japan
Meteorological Agency seismic intensity class), but there is no relational expression. If
the magnitude is about 5 , it will cause damage in Italy, but not in Japan.

9. Differences in behavior when an
earthquake occurs
◦ Japan ... Hide under the desk when an earthquake occurs. Or escape to a room with
few furniture
◦ → There is a premise that the building will not collapse
◦ Italy ... Go out of the building
◦ → Premise that the building will collapse
◦ Some have pointed out the flaws in the Japanese method, but I think there are only a
few.

10. Let's take a look at past
earthquakes in Italy

11. L'Aquila Earthquake ( 1703 )
◦ Date and time : January 14 , 1703 18:00
( local time
◦ Magnitude : 6.8
◦ Damaged area near Rieti, Perugia
◦ Victims : Approximately 3700 _
◦ Date and time : February 2 , 1703 11:05 _ _
◦ Magnitude : 6.7
◦ Stricken area : Near L'Aquila
◦ Victim : Over 6000 people
◦ Source : Source : Wikipedia Italian version is
borrowed from

12. L'Aquila Earthquake ( 1703 )
◦ It says that the bell tower was severely damaged and the
church was devastated
.
◦ This book seems to have been published in
Rome in
1703 , but I don't know the details.

13. Messina Earthquake ( 1908 )
◦ Date and time : December 28 , 1908 05:21 _ _
◦ Magnitude : 7.5 7.5
◦ Damaged area near the Strait of Messina
◦ Victims : Approximately 120,000 (with various theories)
◦ An earthquake that caused the worst casualties in modern Europe.
◦ A tsunami, which is said to be
◦ aftershock continued until March 1909 .
◦ Source : Source : Natural Disasters ( Bradford, Marlene )
◦ http://www.strettoweb.com/foto/2019/12/terremoto-
reggio-calabria-messina-1908-morti/945994/
◦ http://www.meteoweb.eu/2019/12/accadde-oggi-
28-dicembre-1908-terremoto-tsunami-messina-
reggio-calabria / 1365714 /

14. Amazing facts about the Messina
earthquake
◦ A tsunami broke out and a fire broke out, but not many people lost their lives due to
the tsunami and fire.
◦ Those who died because most of them became the underlay of a collapsed house
◦ The reason the house collapsed is because the Italian building was old and
had low earthquake resistance.
◦ → This is a big issue for Italy that will lead to it at any moment
◦ Reference : Percentage of deaths from the Great East Japan Earthquake
◦ https://www.nikkei.com/article/
DGXNASDG1902Z_Z10C11A4CC1000 /

15. Molise Earthquake ( 2002 )
◦ Date and time : October 31 , 2002 1 0:32 ( local time)
◦ Magnitude : 5.9
◦ Damaged area Molise
◦ Victim : 30 people _
◦ Source : Source : Natural Disasters ( Bradford, Marlene )

16. Lessons learned from the Molise
earthquake
◦ The earthquake destroyed the school Francesco Jovine , killing students and faculty
members at the school.
◦ 2016 earthquake in Amatrice, central Italy (no deaths were caused by the collapse of
the school because the earthquake was not yet known).
◦ Schools are not earthquake resistant.
◦ Of the public institutions such as schools and hospitals, about 80,000 are considered
"high risk", and of the 22,000 schools throughout Italy, 9,000 meet the earthquake
resistance standards . Yes (Source : Asahi Shimbun April 11 ,

17. After the elementary school
collapsed by the Molise
earthquake
◦ The site of the collapsed elementary school is a park to commemorate the victims.
◦ Such parks may
be created in Italy
(as well as the L'Aquila earthquake that we will talk about later).
◦ Photo : Google Street View

18. L'Aquila Earthquake ( 2009 )
◦ Date and time : April 6 , 2009 03:32 ( local time
◦ Magnitude : 6.3
◦ Damaged area L'Aquila, Abruzzo
(I'll talk about it later, this is the city I'm planning to go to)
◦ Victim : 3 09 people
◦ Source : Source : Wikipedia

19. Lessons that were not put to
good use
◦ L'Aquila Earthquake Student Dormitory at L'Aquila University ( Casa dello ) Studente )
collapsed and eight students died.
◦ The site of the student dormitory is still the same as it is today
◦ This ghost is a photograph of the person who died here, and it says,
"They had a future, but it was
robbed."

20. What is done every year on the
day of the earthquake
◦ , citizens gather to light torches
◦ Such an event is called fiaccolata (torch procession) and takes place in various parts
of the disaster area of Italy.
◦ L'Aquila University, a comprehensive university in L'Aquila (and the school I attend
from October ), is closed on
◦ Photo : From a friend

21. Can Italian schools be shelters?
◦ In Japan, schools are shelters in the event of a disaster, but in Italy, even schools that
should perform their functions are likely to be damaged.
◦ Therefore, in Italy, tents like the one on the right are prepared.
◦ There was such a tent (with air conditioning equipment) in Lakula, which was the
area affected by the 2009 earthquake , but it seems that all of them have been
removed as of

22. Evacuation life in the gymnasium
◦ Source https://this.kiji.is/
141659202448541174
◦ Article on August 26 , 2016 ( 2
days after the
◦ Original article deleted
◦ I don't know
where this gym is
(because the elementary school collapsed)

23. Are Italian shelters really blessed?
◦ The right site (Nikkan Gendai) talks about the advantages of Italian shelters.
◦ The L'Aquila earthquake was in April and I could have lived in a tent
◦ However, the earthquake in Amatrice was in August , and even though it is a high
altitude area
, evacuation is difficult unless it is a gymnasium.
◦ Many people were forced to stay in the field in L'Aquila.
◦ In fact, there are cases where the floor of temporary housing has rotted
(because the altitude is high and it snows).

24. Temperature in the disaster area
at that time
◦ source
◦ https://weathernews.jp/
s / topics / 201608/
250085/
◦ No matter how high the altitude is, there
is a limit to tents at

25. L'Aquila on the day of the
earthquake
◦ It is said that the number of victims exceeded 100,000, mainly in L'Aquila .
◦ The athletics stadium in the center of L'Aquila has become a shelter and has attracted
thousands of victims.
◦ Relief supplies such as warm pasta, cheese, and salad were delivered on the same
day, and the victims were relieved.
◦ Brightness returned to a tired look
◦ Volunteers also arrive from all over Italy
◦ What Japan can learn from Italy is that it will provide high-quality meals quickly.

26. L'Aquila on the day of the
earthquake
◦ The serious problem is where the victims sleep. A dozen temporary tents were set up,
but there are not enough.
◦ Many people stay in the car, stay in the field, and spend the night.
◦ One man "I lost everything. I can't think of anything now."
◦ 6th (the day of the earthquake)
◦ Many people are forced to stay in the rain in the rain, saying, "Compared to the fear
that the house will collapse due to the aftershock."
◦ Source : Asahi Shimbun
◦ → After that, a tent was set up and it became written in the article of Nikkan Gendai,
but there is a delay in the initial action by then.

27. Camerino's friend's house
◦ Camerino is close to the epicenter of the
◦ My friend said, "I don't need psychological support. I'm strong enough. I'm angry that
I've worked hard for 20 years and built a house that has been destroyed so much, but
I'm helping everyone. I didn't get it. It was abandoned by the country. "
◦ This friend's house is still left as it is in
◦ Friends will start art-based reconstruction support activities with their artists' friends.

28. Reasons for never-ending
reconstruction
◦ It is suspected that the work has been cut out, and it has been pointed out that the
Mafia was involved.
◦ Source : Source : https://www.cnn.co.jp/world/35088252.html etc.
◦ Reconstruction is slow due to the difficult financial situation in Italy
◦ There are many more historic buildings, and there is a consensus in Italy to restore it
to its original state.
◦ Reference :
https://www.zakzak.co.jp/smp/society/foreign/news/20160828/frn1608281111002-
s1.htm

29. Reasons for never-ending
reconstruction
◦ When trying to restore a historic building with the help of Russia, a Russian architect
planned to use concrete inside and preserve only the outside. It is said that there was
great opposition to this locally. There seemed to be a consensus that preserving the
historical heritage as it is is more valuable than future disaster prevention.
◦ Quote : A consideration of the disaster prevention system : Isao Nakamura, 2010 ,
starting with the L'Aquila earthquake in Italy

30. CHAPTER 2 ACTUAL
INITIATIVES

31. Characteristics of the L'Aquila
earthquake
◦ 2008 → Residents of the city were exhausted by the earthquake and were in fear
◦ Fifty -four percent of the evacuees were able to return home due to minor damage to
their homes, but were in the shelter saying, "I'm afraid of aftershocks and don't want
to go home."
◦ Source : Psychosocial Support in the Central Italy Earthquake, Kazuki Saito, Jun
Maeda, 2010
◦ There is a similar tendency in Japan
◦ Source : Source : https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/
p / 000000004.000003174.html

32. How to deal with a collapsed
building
◦ San Gregorio Evacuation Center ( Campo ) di San Gregorio ), 400 people were
evacuated
◦ The shelter was built in front of the collapsed house of the victim, and the victim lived
while looking at the building.
◦ Source : Psychosocial Support in the Central Italy Earthquake, Kazuki Saito, Jun
Maeda, 2010
◦ Photo : A friend who stayed at the San Gregorio shelter for 8 months
◦ However, it is believed that there were multiple such shelters (a friend's talk).

33. Flowers heal people
◦ At another shelter, flower beds were being built by the victims
◦ Source : Psychosocial Support in the Central Italy Earthquake, Kazuki Saito, Jun
Maeda, 2010
◦ A friend of my L'Aquila recommended planting flowers and grooming the planters
when I was fighting a mental illness.
◦ Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake to the nurse who was working at the site when the
Great East Japan Earthquake occurred,
but there was only a picture of a flower written on it.
◦ "I didn't need words. The bodies and the city that were brought in every day were all
brown and gray, and
I was healed by seeing this flower painting."
◦ Source : Lecture I attended

34. two types
◦ "Reconstruction of the mind" is different from the physical and physical reconstruction
of the city.
◦ Reconstruction of the mind is psychological reconstruction
◦ It doesn't have to be the same as the previous self
◦ PTG ( post-traumatic growth ) is defined as the experience of positive psychological
transformation resulting from critical events, difficult experiences and mental
struggles / struggles ( Tedeschi & Calhoun, ). 2004, pp.1-18 ).
◦ Reconstruction of the mind can be accomplished (like a friend of Camerino) even if
the city has not been reconstructed.

35. To achieve the recovery of the
heart
◦ To achieve the recovery of the mind, we must be strong and positive.
◦ Resilience in psychology is defined as social disadvantage or the individual's ability to
adapt their life tasks to such situations at their own disadvantage ( Windle, M, 1999 ).
◦ Resilience → Strength to overcome difficulties like a spring
◦ Also translated as "mental resilience," "resistance," "restoring force," "endurance,"
etc.
◦ There are many elements that make up resilience, and they have extremely complex
interrelationships. It also includes innate things, things acquired by the person
himself, feelings and ways of thinking. ( Wikipedia )
◦ I think it's important to support the resilience that you already have

36. Elements that make up
resilience
◦ My axis
◦ Supple thinking
◦ Responsiveness
◦ Connection with people
◦ Self-control (the ability to calmly control one's emotions)
◦ Lifestyle (do you have a balanced diet)
◦ Source : Source : © Positivelives Ltd. © Regilier Institute Co., Ltd. Japanese version
◦ Reference : Occupational Mental Health ( 2020 Vol. 28 Special Issue)

37. CHAPTER 3 WHAT I
WANT TO DO

38. 15 people commit suicide in
◦ Fifteen people
◦ Interestingly, eight people
◦ L'Aquila ( the earthquake struck in 2009 ), suicide by the earthquake is a problem,
and some people have self-immolation.
◦ "The earthquake robbed me of everything."
◦ Source https://picchionews.it/cronaca/un-sisma-che-ha-ucciso-e-che-continua-a-
farlo-15-suicidi-in-due-anni
◦ https://www.ilmessaggero.it/abruzzo/aquila_dramma_disperazione_ex_alpino_suicidi
o_fuoco-514272.html

39. Articles of those who have
recovered from the L'Aquila
earthquake
◦ "I was in college. I was dizzy during class and leaned on the bench. At that moment,
there was the first strong tremor ( * the foreshock of the L'Aquila earthquake).
Anxiety increased, and sooner or later something I was afraid every day that this
might happen. "
◦ After that, he had symptoms such as psychogenic vomiting.
◦ Even after the earthquake, I had symptoms such as scary sound and panic attacks,
and recovered after receiving psychotherapy.
◦ https://www.huffingtonpost.it/entry/il-disturbo-post-traumatico-da-stress-e-il-
terremoto-solo-la-terapia-ti-solleva-dallansia_it_5d551115e4b056fafd07a5ba

40. Activities to "support and
connect" victims
◦ I want to work to support the psychological problems of the victims (loneliness, anger
with nowhere to go, depression, fear, etc.)
◦ Victims have some kind of "loss"
◦ Death of a child ─ Losing your future Losing your
spouse ─ Losing your present Losing your present
Parent's death ─ Losing your past
Friends ─ Losing part of you
◦ Source : Death Study-When Living with the Sadness of Bereavement-, Kazumi
Wakabayashi, Japanese Nursing Association Press, 1989
◦ To lose someone is to lose yourself
◦ Peer support (supporting people with the same suffering) can make up for such
losses.

41. Possibility of peer support
◦ The advantages of peer support are that it is close to the distance, it is not expensive,
and it is on an equal footing.
◦ Some things are hard to say to doctors and psychologists, but some things can be
said with peer support.
◦ Not for profit, so you can get help without money
◦ There is no hierarchical relationship because the same patients support each other.
◦ The drawback is lack of expertise → The presence of specialists such as doctors and
psychologists is also indispensable
◦ Peer support is not enough

42. I want to create a community that
promotes peer support
◦ You can't do peer support alone
◦ Need to match people who have the same suffering
◦ For example, just as a dating app matches people who want to meet, you want to
match people who need help.
◦ I want to match with people who can support (doctors, nurses, psychologists, etc.)
◦ We are looking for participants.

43. Promotion
◦Twitter: @ honoka_547 / @sisma_italia

44. For those who are interested in
psychological disaster support
◦ Here are some recommended books
◦ What is catastrophic stress : To protect the hearts of rescuers (Yutaka Matsui)
2019/10/12
◦ Disaster Stress Care - Emergency Stress Management Techniques (George Everly)
2004/2/1
◦ Clinical Study of PTSD - Theory and Practice (Nozomu Asukai) 2008/8/27
◦ Care and Treatment Guide for Trauma (Nozomu Asukai) 2010/2/23
◦ Why do people commit themselves? What can be seen from psychological autopsy
surveys ( Kentoku Zhang ) 2006/12/1
◦ Disaster support that is close to the heart (Japan Clinical Psychologist Association)
2017/5/29
◦ Ambiguous Loss and Family Resilience : A New Approach to Disaster Relief (Masayoko
Kurokawa) 2019/3/30

45. For those who are interested in
psychological disaster support
◦ There is media about disaster stress run by a friend
◦ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CriticalIncidentStress
◦ Twitter: @ss_cis
◦ Official site : https://sscis.jimdofree.com/

46. Finally
◦ If you want to see the source article, ask more questions, or have something to talk
to me, or if you
want to buy the book I mentioned earlier.
◦amolaquila@gmail.com Please
◦ (It's an address that means I love L'Aquila, so if you understand Italian, you can easily
remember it.)
◦Thank you for your attention.