The document discusses the concept of intertextuality and provides several examples of how it is used in music videos, films, advertisements, and parodies. Intertextuality refers to how media texts reference and draw from other media texts, so new works are influenced by previous works and allusions. Examples given include music videos by Imagine Dragons, Joe Brooks, and Justin Bieber that reference other films, comics, and advertisements through themes, costumes, and ideas. Film and TV advertisements are also described as using intertextuality by referencing other iconic works like Madonna's "Vogue" music video and Muppet movies. Parody films are highlighted as a common genre that employs intertextuality by poking fun at elements and plot