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1. Nietzsche
There are many different types of moral theory. One, the divine command theory, states that the moral code by which we should abide comes down to
us from the ten commandments of God. There is also Kant's view that reason dictates the commandments of morality. The moral law, according to
Kant, is derivable from our own rational faculties and, not surprisingly, God's ten commandments can be found along with other maxims in our
rationality. However, Nietzsche ascribed to neither of these views. Born in 1844, Nietzsche was influenced by Darwin and philosophers such as
Schopenhauer. His moral theory mirrored more that of Hume's in sticking to the tenants of naturalism than it resembled deontological theories such as
Kant's. The 18th century...show more content...
In such a world, death is not to be feared, since it represents nothing more significant than the fitting conclusion of a life devoted to personal gain.
All of this is, of course, a variety of nihilism. Nietzsche insists that there are no rules for human life, no absolute values, no certainties on which to rely.
If truth can be achieved at all, it can come only from an individual who purposefully disregards everything that is traditionally taken to be "important."
Such a super–human person {Ger. Гњbermensch}, Nietzsche supposed, can live an authentic and successful human life. 

Beyond Good and Evil
Nietzsche offered a quasi–historical account of the harmful consequences of traditional ethics in Zur Geneologie der Moral (On the Genealogy of
Morals) (1887). "Good" initially and properly designated only the right of those individuals with social and political power to live their lives by sheer
force of will. But a "priestly" caste, motivated by their resentment of their natural superiors, generated a corrupt alternative that would appeal to "the
herd" of less capable persons, turning values inside–out. In the "slave morality" endorsed by religious establishments, Nietzsche argued, forceful action
which should be admired gets labelled as "evil," while the cowardly tendency to think through everything in advance is transformed into the supposed
virtue of prudence.
Genuine autonomy, Nietzsche maintained,
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2. Antichrist Nietzsche
The transvaluation of all values is a concept from the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche. Friedrich Nietzsche was born in a small town in the Prussian
province of Saxony. Ironically the philosopher who rejected religion and coined the phrase "god is dead" was a descendant of respected clergymen.
Nietzsche's critique of religion is largely based on his critique of Christianity. He states that he dislikes religion especially Christianity because it
encourages and promotes slave morality.
Nietzsche claims that there are two types of morality, master–morality and slave–morality. Master morality is found in the ruling class while the ruled
posses the latter. Master–morality is where the master is the judge and creator of values. A morality that...show more content...
He attacked tradition while calling for a new society and culture. Nietzsche wanted to transcend modernity for a whole new mode of culture and
society that would create stronger and more fully developed humans. Nietzsche wrote during a period of great German economic expansion and
industrialization. This was a period in history that a lot of changes were taking place in the country and in the world. People were also trying to get
their place in society as everything around them was changing.
Nietzsche believes that moral philosophers also call for the destruction of life. He believes that philosophers who say people seek happiness are
unwilling to answer the truth about power. Moral philosophers call for virtues to reach happiness. Nietzsche claims that pleasure is a sensation of
power and if passions are excluded, you prevent the greatest sensations of power.
Nietzsche hopes there will be a transvaluation of values so that the Will of Power will take prominence. It states in the text," Need I say expressly
after all thus that they will be free, very free spirits, these philosophers of the future." (pg.222) Nietzsche introduces the Will to Power in opposition to
the old Christian values of compassion. According to Nietzsche, Christians reject the Will to Power and suppress it
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3. Essay on Nietzsche
An Analysis of Nietzsche's On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense Friedrich Nietzsche's On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense represents a
deconstruction of the modern epistemological project. Instead of seeking for truth, he suggests that the ultimate truth is that we have to live without
such truth, and without a sense of longing for that truth. This revolutionary work of his is divided into two main sections. The first part deals with the
question on what is truth? Here he discusses the implication of language to our acquisition of knowledge. The second part deals with the dual nature of
man, i.e. the rational and the intuitive. He establishes that neither rational nor intuitive man is ever successful in their pursuit of knowledge due...show
more content...
He once more establishes his point by saying that "this peace treaty brings in its wake something which appears to be the first step toward acquiring
that puzzling truth drive" (Nietzsche 452). Furthermore, he argues that "a uniformly valid and binding designation is invented for things, and this
legislation of language likewise establishes the first laws of truth. For the contrast between truth and lie arises here for the first time" (Nietzsche
452–453). In other words, Nietzsche establishes his foundation of truth as opposed to lies. Since the development of language, all its representations
are, according to Nietzsche, lies. Language is a form of self–deception, which humans have created to convince themselves that the unreal is real.
Indeed, Nietzsche asks, "Is language the adequate expression of all realities?" (Nietzsche 453). The emphasis here is the one to one correspondence of
an object to that of its spoken word.
For example, when I a rainbow, the first thing that I associate with it is color. Almost anyone would understand me if associate the word "color" to
the object "rainbow". However, consider the following scenario: what if you were never exposed to color? Since you were born into this world, you
were kept inside a house that had only shades of gray. In short, what if the world you consider as real is all in black and white? Now consider that this
person saw a "rainbow" outside his window for the first
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4. Nietzsche: Morality Essay
Morality Essay
Have you ever asked yourself where your conscience comes from? The feeling that takes a hold of you when you do what you feel is wrong. This
feeling is almost like a consequence when you tell a lie or commit a crime. Your conscience helps you sort out the good and bad and feels your mind
with sorrow when you see a sad story on the news or gives you the initiative to donate money to a contribution. But where does it come from. Is it
something you are naturally born with, taught over time or given to you by a higher power? This argument leads to the existence of moral values by
many philosophers including William Lane Craig. One of his excerpts argues that if there is an existence of moral values, which some people agree,
...show more content...
With this said, Nietzsche would not agree with Craig. His idea on perspectivism also shows that he would not agree. One idea is the real verse the
apparent world, which he states that language and grammar tricks us to imagine there is an "essence" for what makes up the things we see. For
example the idea that "lightening flashes" is false because in reality the lightening is the flash. He would use this in his argument towards the existence
of moral values and God because not everyone sees things the same way. Nietzsche's examples show that he does not believe in moral values and
does not believe in God. Craig argues back with Nietzsche's idea that proclaimed that the death of God meant the destruction of all meaning and
value in life. In William's excerpt he says that Nietzsche is right but we've got to be careful because the question is not "must we believe in God in
order to live a moral life?" Craig doesn't believe that we do. Nor is the question: Can we recognize objective moral values without believing in God?
Because he does believe that you can recognize them. Rather, the question is: If God does not exist, do objective morals exist? Craig proves that they
do by explaining that actions such as rape, torture, and child abuse aren't just socially acceptable behavior. And that they are moral abominations and
that there are some things that are really wrong and everyone knows it. Craig also says in his excerpt that even
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5. Essay on Nietzsche
Nietzsche
I think that the three questions that I will try to find answers are highly interconnected with each other and because of this reason, I will not answer
them separately. I will be answering them without order.
First of all, from my interpretation of Nietzsche, modern humanity did not invent the idea of God. Rather the God had a functional role from his point
of view. There is no doubt that, modern humanity had the idea of God, but in my opinion, this idea was like a heritage to the modern humanity from
their ancestors. We should look at the earlier times of the history in order to understand the roots of the invention of God.
At this point, I agree with Magnus' opinion, as he asserts that at the early moments of the...show more content...
"Will to power" in Nietzsche can be seen as a natural disposition. But now the critical point comes, because the human beings misinterpreted the "Will
to power", it became a part the bad conscience.
Human beings needed internal comfort or let us say peace of mind. So what was vital to achieve this? They needed to legitimize their brutal and
illogical practices and experiences. So, after all we see that people invented the idea of God to do that. As people felt more and more indebt ness to
their ancestors and also achieve more and more superiorities, they victimized new borne beings. So bad conscience was some sort of an interconnection
between the ancestors and the following generations.
As I said earlier, the ancestors began to represent God. So from my point of view, it was the will to power and also the legitimizing the violence of
people behind the invention of the God. I can give many examples at this point. For example in the second essay of "Genealogy of Morals", it is
said that Trojan War was a part of the God's Festival. I think that people legitimized the war by creating God. Also they used the God motive behind
the reason of war. Also apart from Nietzsche, I want to give another example. When we look at the Holy Wars, we observe that the main effective
motive seems to be the religious reasons, but I do not think that it is the case. It was the objective of conquering and maintaining power in those
regions both politically and
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