Paper On Flint Water Crisis

Paper On Flint Water Crisis
Jamari Steward–Crews
Professor Rescoe
English 150–039
2 December 2016
Flint Water Crisis Who knew that Flints water could be deadly? Everyone should be allowed to have the same clean water to bathe in, drink, cook
with, and to have fun in. Unfortunately, residents in Flint could not do this for quite some time. These residents were bathing and drinking from
this water before the founding of high lead levels in it. Not only was it because of the high lead levels, but the pipes were very old as well. Due to
actions made by the city council this caused a lot of problems for the residents in the city of Flint. This effected children, pregnant women, and the
elderly the most. Many lawsuits were filed against the city of Flint. It was so serious to the point that Governor Snyder had to declare a state of
emergency. This took place January 5th of 2016. High levels of lead in the water and old pipes lead to lawsuits, the sickness of Flint residents, and the
city of Flint not doing their job. Before the water crisis, Flint was receiving water from Detroit's water pipes which gave out very healthy water. Detroit
had enough water to share with other cities. Doing this was not free though and it was not very cheap. Flint had to pay Detroit in order to use the
water. After so long, Detroit's water system had begun to cost too much for Flint. Flint then switched to another water system. The Flint city council
voted to switch their supply of water from Detroit to the Karegnondi Water
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Global Water Crisis Essay
It Can Be Fixed Throughout the path of human and mammal history, there have been a small number of characteristics in life that are needed to
maintain and facilitate survival. These necessities consists of water, nutrition, shelter and oxygen, which many historians, anthropologists and humans
in general have began to realize. Through this realization, one apprehends the fact that out of the four requirements of life, water by far provides as
the most important. Each year, the world population increases exponentially; today being over seven billion. Due to this increase human beings have
begun to experience a serious crisis dealing with the loss of water. The world has become limited with its supply of water, due to its high demand.
...show more content...
The global water crisis is an increasing problem internationally, and can only be revolutionized by the individual work of the seven billion people
living on this planet. Consequently, people throughout the world have come to a realization and worry that water may not be available forever, and
now the time has come to address the global water crisis. Water scarcity has been a subject to ignorance around the world, especially in
underdeveloped and rural areas, where fresh water is not always accessible. In many undeveloped countries "almost 2 million children die each year
for want of a glass of clean water and adequate sanitation" (Human Development Report 2006). But recently, water pollution has amplified in
industrialized areas. People do not even realize that "everyday household activities contribute to water pollution. When it rains, fertilizer from lawns,
oil from driveways... are all washed into storm sewers or nearby lakes, rivers and streams –– the same lakes, rivers and streams we rely on for drinking
water supply, boating, swimming and fishing. Also, improper handling of materials around the house can lead to pollution" (Natural Resource Defense
Council). In the article "How to Clean up Water" Natural Resource Defense Council further reiterates the idea that water contamination is created by
the daily actions of humans around the world, in

The Water Pollution Crisis Essay
When Christopher Columbus came to the Americas back in 1492, it was a world of opportunities, and was accessible for all to utilize. As the years
went on, the aquirement and utilization of the world was apparrent. Technology gave the world advancements that would usually seem impossible and
unimaginable. However, it's those advancements that have acted as the gateway for the problems that haunt mankind today. Perhaps the biggest
problem that humans have caused as a direct result of our own hands is water pollution. Humans are always in constant struggle with nature. We are
always trying to overcome it, and many times we succeed. However, its those times that we turn our backs for that split second, that we will pay an
eternity for. The...show more content...
It is estimated that each year three to four million tons of petroleum end up in the sea4. Some major petroleum accidents over the years to speak of are
Torry Canyon(1967) and the Amoco Cadiz(1978)5. These kinds of accidents, however, only account for around 25 percent of the marinepollution by
hydrocarbons. Estimations show that 60 percent of the pollution comes from land based sources6. The remaining 15 percent is due to offshore oil
drilling stations7. For all of the good uses of oil and petroleum, there are just as many reasons why they are bad. It is just that those reasons do not
propose a direst threat to us. When something does not propose a direct threat to us, we usually do not worry.
Pollution by oil usually originates from reckless discharges by barges, careless handling of crude oil in transportation, development, and drilling sites8.
Fish and other aquatic life are harshly hit by the devastating effects of oil. The most common effect of oil on a fish is that it interferes with its natural
breathing mechanisms. "Oil and emulsions may stick to the gills and thus interfere with gas exchange between the organism and the watery
environment"9. If the presence of oil is not that extreme in quantity, the fish can usually survive. Fish release a mucus like substance through their gills
washing away the impurities. However, if the oil becomes too much, their chance of survival is minimal10. Water

Flint Water Crisis Essay
The Flint Water Crisis has quickly joined the ranks of Jimmy Hoffa's disappearance, Kwame Kilpatrick, and the state of Michigan's highways as
nationally televised disappointments to come out of Michigan. This paper will look at the facts surrounding the causes, current situation, and remedies
for the Crisis while also confronting the ethical and unethical acts of key figures associated with the Crisis. In December 2007, Mlive.com reported
that the Flint Water Plant would reopen after 40 years to start delivering water from the Flint River to residents as a temporary fix to a bigger problem.
This announcement came after city officials found that the 72–inch pipeline connecting Port Huron and Detroit, the usual provider of water, was in dire
In the initial report by the City of Flint, the city refers to the Flint Water Crisis as a "man–made disaster caused by the City switching to the Flint River
as a water source in 2014." Also, the report stated that Water Resource Centers, located around the city, would provide water filters, bottled water, and
at–home water test kits free of charge to Flint residents. This statement shows the integrity, a characteristic of being ethical, of the City because the
city took responsibility for the Crisis and followed through on the responsibility by providing goods and service free of cost to residents. The year
of 2016 has been the year of lawsuits for those afflicted with the Flint Water Crisis. Those being sued include the State of Michigan, Governor
Snyder, the EPA, the City of Flint, Mayor Weaver, and many others. In conclusion, the Flint Water Crisis will forever be in the history books as one
of the most avoidable crisis to occur in the State of Michigan. No amount of lawsuits will remedy the water crisis still occurring in Flint but cleaning
the water, repairing damaged pipes, holding state officials accountable, and dealing appropriately with health problems as a result of the tainted water
will slowly but surely bring about a remedy that will ensure healthy water for all Flint

Essay about Water Crisis
Water Crisis
Western water consumption has spiraled out of control. The average American house uses about 300 gallons of water a day (Green). According to
United Nations Development Programme, "An American taking a five–minute shower uses more water than the average person in a developing
country slum uses for an entire day."(Green) Women in western countries have it easy compared to those in developing countries who "spend 200
million hours a day collecting water for domestic use" (Green). WHO/UNICEF estimates the manpower equivalency to building 28 Empire State
buildings each day. Surveys from 45 developing countries show that women and children bear the primary responsibility for water collection in the
majority of households...show more content...
These same families and countries are producing the developing world's products. Why is it that we are continually allowing big businesses to exploit
the developing countries while they are sitting on their high horses racking up the wealth? In the mean time millions are dying from inadequate access
to clean water, being exploited in the workforce, while corrupt governments and lack of infrastructure and other opportunities force them to work as a
means to an end. While we blindly support many of these organizations and companies, in turn fueling this deadly cycle.
Of the 60 million people added to the world's towns and cities every year, most move to informal settlements (i.e. slums) with no sanitation facilities
(Water Cooperation). According to WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme forWater Supply and Sanitation, "more people have a mobile phone
than a toilet" (Water Cooperation). The average toilet uses 8 liters of clean water in a single flush. "Half of the world's schools do not have access to
clean water, nor adequate sanitation. 443 million school days are lost each year due to water related illness" (Scott). UN Water concludes, "The people
who lack access to water are not a homogeneously poor group, "Nearly 66% of people who lack safe drinking water live on less than $2 a day, while
33% live on less than $1 a day. People living in informal settlements often pay 5–10 times more per liter of water than wealthy people living in the same

The Water Crisis Of Africa Essay
The purpose of this research paper is to discuss the water crisis in the region of Africa and how water can cause many other problems such as
inadequate sanitation, poverty and diseases for the population. People living in third world countries are suffering from the water crisis that has
become a major problem for the United Nations, World Health Organization, United Nations Children's Fund, Millennium Development Goals and
many of the other organizations. For some of these organizations have been successful in providing a bit more water through the years it's still a
working process. Water is essential for life, it's not just for the body's physical need; yet millions of people do not have access to clean water. The
lack of accessible of fresh water contributes too many diseases such as HIV, AIDS, waterborne diseases, causing the death of millions of women and
children annually in the region. This is making it harder for the communities to develop a safer home for their families and to improve the conditions of
the country. This research paper will examine the problems, solutions and causes. How it all comes together, to contribute to thiswater crisis and to
weather there is a solutions set by the United Nations, studies that have been conducted and other organizations, which can maybe work for the years
to come. In addition, the same water problems are going to be discussed with regard to Africa for statics, examples and quotes done by the
organizations in the past and

California Water Crisis Essay
The drought in California isn't even close to seeing an end, in the article Solutions to California Water Crisis From Half a World Away by Stephen
Stock, Michael Bott, Jeremy Carroll and Felipe Escamilla, it reports that California needs to brace itself for multiple decades more of this monumental
drought and that it going to take trillions of gallons of water to catch up to the state current deficit. They summarized the severity of this drought by
saying that it could rain every day in San Francisco and Oakland California for the next decade and a half and the state still wouldn't have even made a
divot in the terms of catching up. When there's a shortage in the amount of water available, a state or country relies on the hidden water supplies
underground in aquifers and ground water which they then drill into to...show more content...
And for the better part of the last decade the most of that water has been wasted, vanished, and overused. According to the article California's Drought
Is Part of a Much Bigger Water Crisis. Here's What You Need to Know by Amanda Zamora, Lauren Kircher and Abreham Lustgarten, Acrane laws
aren't telling framers to reduce or stop taking water from the rivers, instead there doing the complete opposite where there encouraging the farmers
to take more water then they require from not only the limited amount the Colorado has, but also from the other rivers in California as well. You
even have some "federal subsidies encourage farmers to plant some of the crops that use the most water." (Zamora, Kirchner and Lustgarten) Because
of all the overuse, misuse and wasted water the Colorado Rivers flow has decreased tremendously and that has directly impacted the critical low
amount of water that Lake Mead now holds. The amount of disregard the citizens and leading officials have towards this severe drought, is what is
going to make water the oil of the 21st

The Cause Of Water Crisis In The United States
Water is found everywhere on earth : from ice–covered lakes to tropical rains, yje surface of our planet is covered with almost three quarters of water.
However, water is still one of the most precious resource for humanity : only 2.5% of water is pure. Water is therefore a renewable but no unlimited
natural resource which is at the center of many debates : considered as the most sever threat in the world, water shortage crisis is spreading in the
news. This essay will discuss the following : first, we will see how water is linked to everything; ten we will see that water crisis has a lot of
repercussions on developing countries and their growth. Finally we will discuss

Essay On California Water Crisis
California Water Crisis
What if you were not able to shower for five months, what if you could not wash your clothes, have easy access to drinking water, do your dishes, or
even flush your toilet? This is the plight of many Californians in this drought. In East Portville alone, "...at least 1,300 people have lost their water..."
(Source 2). In many cases in California, cities have reached detrimental drought conditions, in fact, according to a study in July, 95 percent of California
now faces severe drought conditions, and 60 percent is experiencing exceptional drought conditions
(Source 2). Clearly, regulations need to be put in place to regulate usage of groundwater resources. It can be seen that "...California's weak groundwater
regulations have allowed more water to be withdrawn from...show more content...
So it's not unlike having several straws in a glass, and everyone drinking at the same time, and no one really watching the level." (Source 3)
As a result of uncontrolled used of water, residents of East Portville, a farming town, have lost much of their water. "1,300 people have lost their water
in and around East Porterville"
(Source 2). The loss of water has affected the town drastically. Some have had to go "...without a shower for five months" (Source 2). Moreover,
residents have explained "...the endless treks to the laundromat for the family wash and the supermarket for drinking water, not to mention the horror of
the nightly dishes" (Source 2). Showering and flushing the toilet has been replaced by
"bird baths", and as one mother explains, many times, they have to go outside to use the restroom. These people cannot experience the modern
conveniences that they once did because the lack of water has created such a deep plight in their homes, a plight that can be relieved by restriction of
water usage. The restriction of water usage could ensure that these people, and many Californians like them, do not have to revert to a life without
running water in their

Literature Survey
Barlow, Maude February 25, 2008 *The* Global Water Crisis and the Coming Battle for the Right to Water Foreign Policy in Focus, www.fpif.org A
disturbing article by Maude Barlow, which pertains to the building tension between countries, regions, etc. in,regards to shared water sources. She
highlights the possibilities of issues arising from disagreements in the use and treatment of water sources. Amster, Randall March 10, 2009 Water,
Water Everywhere? Sustaining Scarce Resources in the Desert AlterNet This article is very disturbing, as it paints a grim picture of how the world
will look if we do not gain control of the water scarcity issue. It outlines the concept of organizations privatizing water sources, water wars...show more
content...
10 .Stanton, Tracy August 20, 2009 More Corporations Seek Solutions to Global Water Crisis The Katoomba Group's Ecosystem Marketplace This
article shows how companies are now looking at possible fiscal repercussions that the water crisis will have on them. Many are working on approaches
to minimize damage, both to their image and fiscally. As well as discusses organizations devoted to researching water resource management issues.
Sweeney, Gerry September 1, 2009 The Water Crisis Is Your Investment Minyanville This article outlines the idea that water or specifically potable or
clean water will be a major investment opportunity in the near future. It explains that numerous company's are trading now and that it will become
commonplace in the future. Whether this will have any affect at all on the water crisis is unknown, but it is definitely an interesting read... Lyon,
Alistair August 30, 2009 Water crisis threatens Yemen's swelling population Reuters, Green Business This article specifically covers the water shortage
issues affecting Yemen, both now and the possible future outcome. Some of the key points in this article involve the tense disputes erupting over a
scarce water supply as well as the imminent violence to come. It outlines the fast growing population along with other regional issues as being a major
cause in the water crisis. One item I found interesting was that it stated that "People don't believe the magnitude of

The Water Crisis and Solutions Essay
There is a global shortage of drinking water. A person might wonder how this can be if seventy percent of the earth's surface is covered by water.
Most of the Earth's water is unsuitable for human consuption. Ocean water is salt water, which makes up 97.5% of all water on the planet. Freshwater
is only 3.5% of all the water on Earth. Drinking water is sourced from bodies of freshwater.
Freshwater is quite scarce, but it is even scarcer than one might think: about seventy percent of all freshwater is frozen in the icecaps of Antarctica and
Greenland and is unavailable to humans. Most of the remainder is present as soil moisture or lies in deep underground aquifers as groundwater. It is
not economically feasible to extract this waster...show more content...
Instead of increasing the supply of water to meet demand, a more viable method of addressing the water crisis is to manage consumption. The world
population continues to grow, and trying to increase the supply of water is risky at best and usually costs exorbitant amounts of money, making this
option available only to wealthy or economically developed countries. Therefore, controlling the use of water in municipalities or having a national
policy of water conservation would allow the world's supply of freshwater to better sustain itself through rainfall and other methods. Conserving water
also saves energy, and energy is needed to treat, transport, and heat freshwater.
For water–saving programs to succeed, however, several things must be in place. The water saving program implemented by the city of Zaragoza in
Spain highlights some basic actions required for such a program to succeed. Firstly, "rather than being a collection of fragmented, individual initiatives,
the setting up of the Zaragoza Water Commission allowed the effective coordination of consultation, implementation and evaluation of different
activities, with the aim of achieving a common goal." (Water demand management, 2010) Secondly, the goal of reducing water use by all types of
consumers requires the cooperation of a wide range of stakeholders. Working closely with stakeholder representatives allows the identification of
realistic and acceptable water

Water Crisis in Pakistan
EMERGING WATER CRISIS AND ITS IMPACT ON PAKISTAN
Introduction
1.Water in general and fresh water in particular is essential for sustaining quality of life on earth. This commodity has a direct bearing on almost all
sectors of economy. In Pakistan, its importance is more than ordinary due to the agrarian nature of the economy. Share of agriculture in Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) of Pakistan, though reduced since 1970, is now estimated at about 24%. Agriculture is also the major user of water, yet in
many parts of Pakistan, the very survival of the people depends on the timely and adequate availability of water. With rising demands, the aridity index
of the country is adding further to the significance of water in any developmental...show more content...
In many areas of Pakistan, it has transformed the concept of low and uncertain crop yields to a more secure and predictable form of crop production.
The overall effect has been to a tune of an increase in the cropping intensity from 63% in 1947 to 120% in 2000. The ground aquifer of the plains of
Pakistan providing ground water are recharged from direct natural precipitation, river flows and continued seepage from the conveyance system of
canals and application losses in the irrigated lands. The assessed potential is of 50 MAF, out of which 38 MAF is already being exploited. As a result
of this dramatic increase in the intensity of ground water exploitation, the policy paradigm has changed from development to management.
6.Existing Surface Storage and Hydro Power Capacity. Perennial flow in the canal system is dependent on availability of water storage dams to store
surplus water and feed the irrigation system during water scarce months.
7. Indus Basin Irrigation System. Mighty River Indus and its tributaries are the main sources of surface irrigation network in Pakistan. Five main rivers
joining Indus on its eastern side are the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej. Three minor rivers the Soan, Haro and Siran also drain the sub
mountainous areas of Lower Himalayas into it. Kabul with its tributaries, the Swat, Panjkora and Kunar join Indus from the western side. Downstream
Indus is joined by the Kurram, Gomal, Kohat Tai, Tank, Gaj

Persuasive Water Crisis
Summer is just around the corner, and with it will come the usual high temperatures and sweaty afternoons. It's this time of year that you find
yourself using a bit more water than normal, whether to wash off or rehydrate. And few things are more enjoyable than coming inside on a stifling
summer afternoon to drink a cool glass of water before heading to the shower to freshen up. That said, few things are more discouraging than filling
up your glass of water to see not a crystal clear liquid float up to the brim but instead what looks like a discolored puddle pouring into your cup, maybe
with bits of unidentifiable particles haphazardly swimming about. This image is neither appealing to your parched tongue nor your
in–need–of–a–shower body. It's pretty evident that something is wrong with your water supply, and that it's been contaminated somehow or another. But
what happened? If you hire a professional...show more content...
It essentially means that there is no valve to control the flow of water from the city's public water supply and your own, allowing for contamination of
both systems. There are two specific types of this undesirable problem–backpressure and backsiphonage. Backpressure problems are caused when the
downstream pressure is greater than the upstream or supply pressure from the public water system; this scenario occurs from either an increase in
downstream pressure, a decrease in water supply pressure, or a combination of the two. Backsiphonage is, as you have probably figured out, just the
opposite of backpressure–that is, it arises from negative pressure in the public water system. Backsiphonage typically occurs when there is a notable
stoppage of water supply to other systems due to a fire hydrant being in use or a break in the water main. Without getting too technical, the long and
short of this is that neither of these are good news for the sanitation of your water

Thesis Statement On Water Scarcity
Rough Draft
Thesis statement: The world is on its way for a water shortage. Water is considered as an essential for human existence. We all can survive without
food for some day but no one can live without water at least two days. Human body consists of 70% percent of water and our globe is covered by
69.9% percent of water. But unfortunately the useable fresh water is just 2.5% out of it. Water is a social good, water is an economic good, water has
ecological value and water has religious, moral and cultural value.
If there is magic on this planet, it is contained in water – Loren Eisely, The Immense Journey Water scarcity is a consequence of imbalances between
resource...show more content...
Economic relations and resource management, 2. Ideology and culture including the way people think about the environment and water rights,
3.political agents like the state, transnational actors and organizations involved in water disputes and trade 4.the transnational social movements which
endorse and resist water privatization, and 5.the power relations which engender unequal access to safe water (Bywater, 2008).
Till taught by pain, men really know not what good water's worth – Lord Byron, "Don Juan".
Reference List
п‚§Bywater, K. (2008). Globalization, privatization, and the crisis of sustainability: Examining the global water crisis. Conference Papers –– American
Sociological Association, 1.
п‚§Manzoor, K. P. (2011). The global water crisis: Issues and solutions. IUP Journal of Infrastructure, 9(2), 34
–43.
п‚§Solving the global water crisis moves beyond the technical feasibility stage.(2011). Trends Magazine, (104), 19–24.
п‚§Priscoli, J. D. & Wolf, A. T. (2009). Managing and Transforming Water Conflicts: USA: Cambridge University Press.
п‚§Hicks, J. Arii, K. Rothman, S. (2012). Taking sides: Selected articles for discussion. Singapore: McGraw–Hill companies

Essay about The Global Water Shortage
One of the biggest problems in the world is water scarcity. Almost all countries suffer from it and many of them cannot find the most effective
solution to avoid this difficulty. The meaning of the world water crisis is very easy to understand, but solving it is very difficult. The amount of world
water is limited, as the population is growing fast; the necessity of water use is growing even faster. This essay will examine the water crisis specifically
in China, because it is the country with the most serious water shortage problems in the world. Also, this essay will suggest possible solutions on
solving these problems and evaluate them. Although to stop the water shortage problems is difficult and costly, and takes a lot of...show more content...
So according to Zhao, Liu, and Deng (2005), agriculture exploits almost 70 percent of freshwater available in China, and there is an expectation that
this quantity will grow because of the increase of world food production. Chinese people need a comprehensive scientific approach with long–term,
coordinated efforts to solve this serious problem. So the first possible solution is recycling water in order to meet environmental needs, provide an
additional source of water and have sustainable development and a viable economy. For this approach the Chinese Government needs advanced
technologies that clean the water properly and also huge investment, so this would lead to having a big impact on economic development of the
country. However, according to Chang (2009), the water which has been recycled is an essential resource of water for "non–potable"(not for drinking)
uses in China and this water can be used for flushing toilets, car washing, agricultural irrigation, fire fighting, landscape irrigation, industrial processes
and street washing. But one major disadvantage of this approach is that after water recycling there is no proof of that this water is clean enough for
reusing it. For example, there might be quite an amount of pollutants, such as some chemicals, bacteria, even heavy metals and organic compounds
(Wang, 1989). So as consequences, there

Canada 's First Nations Safe Water Crisis Essay
Canada, like so many other countries in the world continues to deal with many different environmental resource issues. Throughout our history, one of
the issues affecting our country has been the treatment of our First Nations people. For the purpose of this paper, the focus will be on the safe water
crisis facing Canada's First Nations communities. The Oxford Dictionary (2016) defines a crisis as a time of great difficulty or danger. The
research included will help clarify the reality of the Canada's First Nations safe water crisis. Despite some improvements over the past few decades,
many of our First Nation citizens still lack access to safe and clean water. Our reserves have water that is contaminated, difficult to access or toxic
because of outdated and faulty treatment systems. (Klasing, 2016) This safe water crisis is in need of immediate attention. It is Canada's
responsibility to provide the right to clean and safe water for all of its citizens.
To understand the current state of the safe water issue for our First Nation people, it is important to look at some current statistics. The Council of
Canadians (2015) reports that "as of January 2015, there have been 169 drinking water advisories in 126 First Nation communities. With Ontario
having the highest number 79, followed by British Columbia 35, Saskatchewan 24, Alberta 17, the Atlantic 7 and Quebec 2." (p. 6) The graphic below
helps us see the severity of the issue by showing the drinking water

Persuasive Essay On Water Crisis
In a world that's over 70% covered with water, it's hard to believe that there could ever be a water crisis. However, with 98% of the Earth's water
being undrinkable, that only leaves less than 3% of this water drinkable and with over 7 billion people on this planet, well, it can start to get scarce.
Ever since humans have been on this Earth, especially during the Industrial and Agricultural Revolution, they have become the number one largest
polluter on the planet. Whether it be from agricultural runoff, oil spills, even deforestation, humans are digging themselves a hole that will only get
harder to dig themselves out of as time goes on. As this path of pollution continues, humans are creating crises all over the globe, from the drinking
The inhabitants of Flint have been exposed to unsanitary and unsafe drinking water for a few years too many now, and it all started with money.
"...In an effort to cut costs, [the Mayor] changed the city's water supply from Lake Huron to the Flint River" (Leber) and not only did this effort
not cut costs, it created a whole cesspool of problems and "...led to a dangerous increase in lead in the water supply..." (Leber). Now, a small amount
of lead isn't all that harmful, it is even present in many water supplies in schools and businesses, so how much an an increase is too much? Well,
"...just 5 parts per billion is cause for concern, especially for children, but Flint's tap water has had five times that amount [of lead]" ( Leber) and when
there is twenty–five parts per billion of lead present in their drinking water, that's a little harder to fix. Some state that the Filtration Voucher program
beginning to take place in Flint is a cost effective solution over replacing all the lead filled pipes and crumbling water infrastructure, "A number of
households and restaurants in Flint have already installed reverse–osmosis filtration systems, which can eliminate contaminants like lead..."
(Marchand) however this is still far from a solution and is only putting a bandaid over a large gash. Stopping the pollution of the water supply is what
will fix the problem because it not only benefits the people of flint, but also the surrounding environment, the plants and animals in the environment,
and people all across the globe. The problem solving has to start somewhere and it can't be through the use of temporary fixes, but through the use of
permanent

Case Study : Flint Water Crisis Essay
Ahussain Ahmed MEC 100
Flint Water crisis
Because water is very easily accessible to the most of us in the US, and Some of us did not know that one day the water was undrinkable and cause
many deadly diseases it is somewhat surreal that the need for clean drinking water could be so severe in one of our own cities, Flint in the state of
Michigan.
Flint is the largest city and county seat of Genesee County, Michigan. Located along the Flint River, 66 miles northwest of Detroit, it is a principal city
within the region known as "Mid Michigan". According to the 2010 census, Flint has a population of 102,434, making it the seventh largest city in
Michigan. The Flint metropolitan area is located entirely within Genesee County. It is the fourth largest metropolitan area in Michigan with a
population of 425,790 in 2010.
In 2011, the state of Michigan took over Flint 's finances after an audit projected a $25 million deficit. Even though Flint 's water supply fund was $9
million in the red, officials were using some of this money to cover shortfalls in its general fund. The city switched water sources in 2014 to reduce the
water fund shortfall. The new pipeline connecting Flint with Lake Huron was under construction, the city turned to the Flint River as a water source,
but the water in the Flint River downstream of Flint has been of poor quality, the state ordered the monitoring and cleanup of 134 polluted sites within
the Flint River watershed, including industrial complexes and

Paper On Flint Water Crisis

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Paper On Flint Water Crisis