The document describes the geography and peoples of Africa. It discusses the major physical regions including the Sahara desert, Sahel region, savanna grasslands, and tropical rainforests. It also summarizes the main ethnic groups such as the Arabs in North Africa, Ashanti of West Africa, Bantu peoples of southern Africa, and Swahili coastal dwellers who blended Arab and African cultures. Key environmental challenges like desertification, water issues, and deforestation are also outlined.

1. Geography of Africa

3.  Lake Victoria
 Lake Tanganyika

4.  Desert (Sahara in North
Africa and Kalahari in the
South)
 Sahel (Between Sahara
Desert and the Savanna)
 Savanna
 Tropical Rainforest

7. SAHARA: Considered one of the
HARSHEST places on EARTH to live.
NO OR VERY FEW people live there.
Because the climate is HOT and there is
NO WATER.
There are NO roads. The only travel is
by NOMADS riding on CAMELS.

9. SAHEL: Strip of DRY GRASSLAND that is located
SOUTH of the SAHARA. Dry, semi-arid region slowly
turning into DESERT by a process called
DESERTIFICATION.
The dry conditions and generations of livestock
OVERGRAZING and desertification have caused SOIL
EROSION.
Most of the population has MOVED to CITIES due to
FAMINE, STARVATION, AND DROUGHT. FEW jobs
because of the harsh climate. The people that live here
have to WALK for many miles just to get WATER.

11. SAVANNA: located near the EQUATOR and
covers almost HALF of Africa. The savanna is a
HOT and DRY grassland. It has two seasons:
RAINY and DRY (similar to Florida).
Grasses are TALL AND THICK. Trees and SHORT
and SCATTERED (very few). Most people live in
VILLIAGES so they can have access to WATER.
Villages are often found around RIVERS because
WATER is necessary for life/survival. Important
jobs in this region are FARMING, HERDING, and
MINING. ROADS are being built for TRAVEL
between VILLAGES.

13. RAINFOREST: Located along the WEST coast of
Africa around the CONGO River Basin. It touches 37
countries in Africa.
The climate is HOT and HUMID. Rainfall is over 70
inches per year (approximately double the average rainfall
of GEORGIA.
The TREES grow TALL and DENSE. The Rainforest
provides FOOD and WATER for over 75 million people. In
this region, FARMING, MINING, and LOGGING are
prevalent.
The ROADS are POORLY maintained; therefore, travel is
DIFFICULT. Over the years, residents have been CLEAR
CUTTING the rainforest to make room for FARMS. This
is destroying the rainforest HABITAT through the process
of DESERTIFICATION.

14. Water Pollution and Unequal Distribution of Water
Desertification
Deforestation

15. WATER POLLUTION AND SUPPLY:
WATER is as important for AFRICA as it is for the
rest of the WORLD. Cities and villages are
mostly found near RIVERS or other BODIES of
water.
Countries with RIVER systems have enough water
for their farms and people. However, the
MAJORITY of Africans have trouble getting
enough WATER for people to SURVIVE.
Most African countries have LITTLE access to
clean WATER for DRINKING, cooking,
WASHING, etc.

16. DROUGHTS or periods of very
LIMITED/LOW rainfall, have led to many
Africans STARVING and living in POVERTY.
Water POLLUTION from factories and
human and animal WASTES means that
many African do not have access to CLEAN
WATER.
 Polluted or contaminated water causes
illnesses, infections, and even death.
 Government officials often IGNORE
pollution from FACTORIES as long as the
FACTORIES are profitable.

17. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZR8R4hVS7IU

18. DESERTIFICATION:
the process of the DESERT expanding into
areas that had formerly been farmland.
Desertification is caused by POOR farming
practices, CUTTING down TREES that
helped hold the SOIL in place, OVER
GRAZING of farm ANIMALS and DRAINING
surface and underground WATER for
INDUSTRIAL or HOME use.
Some Africans plant TREES or build
WINDBREAKS to try to stop desertification.

19. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BjqwjIa_pGs

20. DEFORESTATION:
This is the process of RAINFORESTS being CUT
DOWN to make way for human developments such
as ROADS and FARMS.
The main cause is commercial LOGGING.
Deforestation of the rainforest can lead to increased
CARBON DIOXIDE in the air, fewer MEDICINES
for people, and EXTINCTION of plant and animal
SPECIES.
Deforestation also contributes to SOIL EROSION
and DESERTIFICATION.

21. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jq2UHiyYwLo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jI_nRHg-0l4 “Great Green Wall”

22.  Arabs
 North Africa
 Ashanti
 West Africa
 Bantu
 Sub Saharan
 Swahili
 East Africa

23. Spread through North Africa
Used camel caravans to trade salt and
gold with indigenous African tribes
Spread Islam, North Africa is
predominately Muslim

24. located in NORTHERN
AFRICA.
Migrated from SW ASIA
because they were trading
FOR GOLD and SALT.
They are mostly MUSLIM
and speak ARABIC.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQNLj3zMyVY

25.  Western Africa
 United under Golden Stool
 Traditional African Religion
 Animism
 Also influenced by Islam and
Christianity
 Speak twi

26.  Live in WEST AFRICA.
 Kingdom began in 1701 when the
GOLDEN STOOL united the
clans.
 They have a mixture of religions.
They believe in TRADITIONAL
RELIGIONS the belief in
supreme god, natural spirits
(_ANIMISM ), and the GOLDEN
STOOL as the source of the
peoples’ power.
 There is also some CHRISTIANS
and MUSLIMS.
 The Ashanti speak ASHANTE or
TWI.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QgaGB9o2ZgI

27.  Primary ethnicity in Sub Saharan
Africa (Central and Southern)
 Bantu believe in animism. Some are
also Christian or Muslim.
 Over 600 different Bantu languages
and dialects.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQpP3bnHFMc

28.  Live in SUB SAHARAN
AFRICA.
 Migrated from south of the
SAHARA approximately 2000
years ago.
 Their religion is a mix of
CHRISTIAN, MUSLIM AND
ANIMIST.
 They speak BANTU family of
languages (OVER 650)

29.  East Africa
 Blend of Islam and Traditional
African Religions

30.  located in EAST AFRICA.
 Mixture of ARAB traders from
Southwest Asia that blended with
the NATIVE POPULATION.
 Their religion is mostly MUSLIM,
but includes some local
TRADITIONAL African beliefs.
 They speak SWAHILI which is a
blend of ARABIC and BANTU.