3. NATURAL SERVICES
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Nutrient cycling
- Deals with the circulation of
chemicals necessary for life, from
the environment (mostly from
soil and water) through
organisms and back to the
environment.
4. NATURAL CAPITAL
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➢Natural resources are materials and energy in nature that
are essential or useful to humans (Renewable or non-
renewable).
➢Natural services are processes in nature such as
purification of air and water, which support life and
human economies.
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➢Photosynthesis—a complex chemical process that plants use to
provide food for themselves and for us and most other animals.
➢Complex process that takes place in cells of green plants. Radiant
energy from the sun is used to combine carbon dioxide (CO2)
and water (H2O) to produce oxygen (O2), carbohydrates (such
as glucose, C6H12O6), and other nutrient molecules.
9. CARBON
1. It is a structural component of organic molecules;
2.Chemical bonds in carbon compounds provide metabolic
energy.
- The carbon cycle begins with photosynthetic organisms
taking up carbon dioxide
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11. NITROGEN CYCLE
Plants acquire nitrogen through an extremely complex nitrogen
cycle. The key to this cycle is nitrogen-fixing bacteria. (Including some
blue-green algae or cyanobacteria).
It involves several processes:
1.Nitrogen fixation
2.Ammonification
3.Nitrification
4.Assimilation
5.Denitrification
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ECOSYSTEM CHANGE
➢Ecological succession is the process by which the structure of
a biological community evolves over time.
➢Two different types of succession are primary and secondary
ecological succession.
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➢PRIMARY SUCCESSION – is a successional progression that
begins with a total lack of organisms and bare mineral surfaces
or water.
The first species to arrive are fast-growing “weedy species,” such as
lichens or small annual plants, which create the first layers of soil as they
decompose
15. Primary succession can occur after a variety of events:
✓Volcanic eruptions
✓Retreat of glaciers
✓Flooding accompanied by severe soil erosion
✓Landslides
✓Nuclear explosions
✓Oil spills
✓Abandonment of a manmade structure, such as a paved parking
lot
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➢SECONDARY SUCCESSION – is a successional progression that
begins with the destruction or disturbance of an existing
ecosystem.
➢The renewal of a forest after a fire: The fire itself destroys a
majority of different types of trees and plant life.
➢Because seeds and roots and other plant and tree parts remain in
and on the soil, gradually the plants and trees begin to grow again
and eventually returns to the state of the original ecosystem.
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➢In some environments, succession reaches a climax, which produces
a stable community dominated by a small number of prominent
species.
➢CLIMAX COMMUNITY
- is relatively stable, long-lasting community that is the result of
succession, the kind of climax community that develops is primarily
determined by climate.
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SEATWORK #1
1. You notice after using pesticides on your farm field that the number of insects
declines for a year. The next year, though, they come back and you need to
reapply the pesticides. This time, though, there is less of an effect on the insect
population. A third application is another year has even less of an effect. What
is your hypothesis about what is happening here? Design an experiment that
tests your hypothesis.
2. Even before humans entered the scene, many species of plants and animals
were extinct and new ones had developed. Why are we even concerned about
endangered species, given the fact that species have always come and gone?
20. ASSIGNMENT NO. 1/ACTIVITY NO. 2
1. Discuss the main environmental problems in your barangay.
Support your discussion with images and information.
2. Evaluate the causes and effects of environmental problems in your
barangay.
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