This document provides an overview of land cover and land use change detection. It discusses techniques for detecting changes through analyzing satellite images over time. Methods include visual interpretation, image rationing, classification, and indices. Factors to consider include the objective, type of change to detect, and type of changes of interest, like land use, forest, or urban changes. Applications include monitoring land use change, deforestation, fires, wetlands, urban growth, and environmental changes. Proper selection of methods and data depends on the scale and specifics of the changes being examined.

2. Overview
o Introduction
o Change Detection
o Data Requirement
o Methodology
->Techniques
o Factors to consider when choosing a method
o Application

3. Introduction
• Land cover data how much of a region is
covered by forests, wetlands, impervious
surfaces, agriculture, and other land and
water types. Water types include wetlands or
open water.
• Land use shows how people use the landscape
– whether for development, conservation, or
mixed uses. The different types of land cover
can be managed or used quite differently.

4. Change Detection
• Change detection can be defined as the process
of identifying differences in the state of an object
or phenomenon by observing it at different
times. This process is usually applied to Earth
surface changes at two or more times.
• Change detection is useful in many applications
such as land use changes, habitat fragmentation,
rate of deforestation, coastal change, urban
sprawl, and other changes

5. Data Requirement
• Toposheets/ Cadastral maps
• Master Plan of the urban area
• Satellite Images
(Multi- Temporal Same Season)
• Aerial Photographs (Google Earth)
• Non- Spatial Data

6. Change analyses in context to image
resolution
• For change detection at high or moderate
spatial resolution: use Landsat TM, SPOT, or
RADAR
• For change detection at the continental or
global scale, use coarse resolution data such
as MODIS and AVHRR

9. Methodology
Data Acquisition
Image Pre-Processing
Land Use/ Land Cover
Classification
Preparation of Land
Use/ Land Cover Maps
Field Survey
Accuracy Assessment
Change Detection
Change
Prediction
Recomendation
Impact of Change

11. Different techniques to analyse
Change Detection
• Visual interpretation
• Image rationing
• PCA
• Supervised/ unsupervised classification
• Using of different indices (NDVI, NDBI etc.)
• LST
• Post Classification comparison
• EM detection (expectation maximization algorithm)
• Advanced Models ( Li- Strahler Reflectance model,
Spectral Mixture Model, Bio- Physical Parameter
method)

12. Factors to consider when choosing a
method
 Objective of the change detection?
• Monitor/identify specific changes
 What type of change information to extract?
• Spectral changes
• Land cover transitions
• Shape changes
 What type of changes to be considered?
• Land use and land cover change
• Forest and vegetation change
• Wetland change
• Urban change
• Environmental change

13. Application
• Land-use and land-cover (LULC) change
• Forest or vegetation change
• Forest mortality, defoliation and damage assessment
• Deforestation, regeneration and selective logging
• Wetland change
• Forest fire and fire-affected area detection
• Landscape change
• Urban change
• Environmental change, drought monitoring, flood monitoring
• Coastal marine environments, desertification, and detection of
landslide areas
• Other applications such as crop monitoring, shifting cultivation
monitoring

14. Any Questions?