boiler and co generation presentation

1. COGENERATION
WITH BOILER PLANT

2. Cogeneration is an energy-efficient, environmentally-
friendly method of producing electricity (power), steam
and/or hot water at the same time, in one process, with
one fuel
COGENERATION

3. BOILER IS DEFINED AS A CLOSED VESSEL IN
WHICH STEAM IS PRODUCED FROM WATER BY
THE COMBUSTION OF FUEL. THEY ARE ALSO
CALLED STEAM GENERATORS.
BOILERS ARE USED MAINLY IN POWER PLANT
FOR GENERATING HIGH PRESSURE STEAM TO
PRODUCE ELECTRICITY
BOILER PLANT

4. 1. BOILERS ARE USED MAINLY IN POWER PLANT FOR
GENERATING HIGH PRESSURE STEAM TO PRODUCE
ELECTRICITY. IN POWER PLANT HIGH PRESSURE STEAM IS
EXPANDED THROUGH NOZZLES TO RUN STEAM TURBINE
WHICH GENERATES ELECTRICITY.
2. IN COLD COUNTRIES HOT WATER PRODUCING BOILERS
ARE USED FOR HEATING THE BUILDINGS.
3. BOILERS ALSO FIND ITS APPLICATION IN TEXTILE
INDUSTRIES FOR SIZING AND BLEACHING, AND MANY
OTHER INDUSTRIES LIKE SUGAR MILLS AND CHEMICAL
INDUSTRIES.
PURPOSE OF BOILER

5. CLASSIFICATION OF BOILER
1. Horizontal, Vertical or Inclined:
Depending upon the orientation of the axis of a boiler it
can be classified as horizontal, vertical, or inclined.
If the axis of the boiler is horizontal, it is called
horizontal boiler.
If the axis is vertical, it is called vertical boiler .
If the axis is inclined at an angle then it is called inclined
boiler.

6. 2. Fire Tube and Water Tube:
In fire tube boilers, hot flue gases flows through the tubes and water
surrounds the tubes. Examples: Cochran, Lancashire and Locomotive
boilers.
In water tube boilers, water flows inside the tube and hot flue gases
surrounds the tubes. Examples: Babcock and Wilcox, Stirling, Yarrow
boiler

7. 3. Externally Fired and Internally Fired:
If the fire or burning of the fuel is done outside the shell then it is
externally fired boiler. Examples: Babcock and Wilcox, Stirling boiler.
If the burning of fuel or the furnace is located inside the shell then it
called internally fired boiler. Example: Cochran, Lancashire boiler.
4. Forced Circulation and Natural Circulation:
In forced circulation boilers, a forced pump is used for the circulation of water through the
tubes. Examples: Velox, Lamont, Benson boilers.
In natural circulation boilers, circulation of water takes place due to natural convection
currents produced by the application of heat. Examples: Babcock and Wilcox, Lancashire
boiler.

8. 5. High Pressure and Low Pressure Boilers:
The boilers which produce steam at pressures above 80 bar are called high pressure boilers.
Velox, Lamont, Benson, Babcock and Wilcox boilers
Boilers which produce steam at pressure below 80 bar are called low pressure boilers. Example:
Cochran, Lancashire and Locomotive boilers.
6. Stationary and Portable:
Boiler which are fixed at one place are called portable boilers like the boiler used in power plants.
Portable boiler are small in size and are used in locomotive type, and temporary on site purposes.

9. PROBLEM ON CAMPUS…
The boiler plant is very
inefficient it does excess
amounts of heat energy loss.
The heating bill for the winter
of 2015 was over budget.
The price of the natural gas
doubled in the last 5 years.

10.  Cogeneration - A process in which
an industrial facility uses its waste
energy to produce heat or electricity.
 Cogeneration is an energy-efficient,
environmentally-friendly method of
producing electricity (power), steam
and/or hot water at the same time,
in one process, with one fuel.

11. IS THE USE OF A POWER STATION TO SIMULTANEOUSLY
GENERATE BOTH HEAT AND ELECTRICITY.
CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS EMIT THE HEAT CREATED
AS A BYPRODUCT OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION INTO THE
ENVIRONMENT THROUGH COOLING TOWERS, AS FLUE
GAS, OR BY OTHER MEANS.
CHP CAPTURES THE EXCESS HEAT FOR DOMESTIC OR
INDUSTRIAL HEATING PURPOSES.
BASICS OF COGENERATION

12. Cogeneration solutions simply reduce waste, with only
10%-15% losses, compare that with the 55% or more using
traditional generation methods and it is clear that
cogeneration uses fuel more efficiently.

13. HOW IT WILL HELP…
Estimates are that the boiler
plant is 50% efficient at
capturing heat for use around
the campus.
Instituting a cogeneration plant
along side the boiler plant
could rise that efficiency rate to
around 70-90%, thereby saving
a lot of wasted energy.

14. SELECTING COGENERATION
SYSTEMS:
Bottoming Cycle
Used forsmall cogeneration systems
ToppingCycle
Used forlargecogeneration systems
SELECTINGCOGENERATIONSYSTEMS

15. THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF COGENERATION IS
THE “TOPPING CYCLE” WHERE FUEL IS FIRST USED
TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY OR MECHANICAL
ENERGY AT THE FACILITY AND A PORTION OF THE
WASTE HEAT FROM POWER GENERATION IS THEN
USED TO PROVIDE USEFUL THERMAL ENERGY.

16. By contrast, Bottoming-cycle systems, also known
as “waste heat to power,” are a process whereby
waste heat from an existing process is used to
produce electricity..

17. CONTRIBUTING TO PREVENTION OF
GLOBAL WARMING…
 A cogeneration system utilizes exhaust
heat which is dumped in generating
electricity, and so makes the most of the
limited resources.
 Because it reduces the amount of
exhausting greenhouse gas such as CO2
(Carbon Dioxide) and NOx(Nitrogen
Oxides), it can contribute a lot to
prevention of global warming.

18. PROVEN TECHONOLOGY…
At Hindalco we are having the Cogeneration Plant in
which we use the steam for the process requirement as
well as power generation