Analgesics are central nervous system depressants that reduce pain without loss of consciousness, while antipyretics lower fever but not normal body temperature. There are two types of analgesics: narcotic analgesics like morphine that strongly act on the central nervous system, and non-narcotic analgesics like aspirin and paracetamol that mildly act on the peripheral nervous system. Narcotic analgesics stimulate opioid receptors in the CNS and modulate pain perception, while non-narcotic analgesics relieve pain without interacting with opioid receptors and also have anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects.

1. kWatt
Education and Learning
Department : Chemistry
Subject : Drugs & dyes
Topic : Analgesics and Antipyrectics
Made by-
Hariom Kewat

2. Analgesics: are selective central nervous system depressants which bring about
insensibility to pain without the loss of consciousness.
Analgesics
Narcotics Analgesics:
which strongly acts on
CNS(Central Nervous
System)
Non Narcotics
Analgesics: which mildly
acts on PNS(Peripheral
Nervous system)
Antipyretic: An antipyretic is a drug which is responsible for lowering
temperature of human being or animal having fever, to normal but has no
effect on normal temperature states.

3. Narcotic Analgesics
Narcotic
Analgesics
Phenanthrene
Morphine Codeine Thebaine
Benzyl
Isoquinolines
Papaverine Noscapine
 Opium alkaloids and their derivatives are narcoanalgesics. They exist as
two distinct classes
 Narcotic analgesics stimulates stereo-specific opioid receptors located in
certain parts of the CNS
 These receptors probably modulate the appreciation of pain

4. Non - Narcotic Analgesics
 The non-narcotic analgesics as a group relieve pain without interacting with opioid receptors.
 They possess anti-inflammatory property and are known as non steroidal anti inflammatory
drugs(NSAID)
 They reduce elevated body temperature(antipyretic effect)
 They are classified on the basis of their chemical structures as follows…
1. Salicylates and their congeners, eg. Aspirin
2. Para amino phenol derivatives, eg. Phenacetin,
Paracetamol
3. Cyclohexanol derivatives,
eg. Tramadol
4. Pyrazolone derivatives,
eg. Phenylbutazone

5. 5. Phenyl acetic acid derivatives, eg. Diclofenac
6. Indole derivatives, eg. Indomethacin
7. Propionic acid derivative, eg. Ibuprofen
8. Fenamates, eg. Mefenamic acid
Mefenamic acid

6. OPIOID ANALGESICS NON OPIOID
ANALGESICS(ANTIPYRETIC)
Act centrally Act peripherally
Cause addiction Do not cause addiction
Produce CNS depression Do not produce CNS depression
Do not produce gastric irritation Produce gastric irritation
Show no anti inflammatory effect Show anti inflammatory effect, Reduce
body temperature
Eg. Morphine, Tramadol, Pethidine etc. Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Aspirin etc.

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