Dietry Carcinogens

1. Commonest Carcinogens

4. MAGNITUDE OF THE CANCER PROBLEM
IN THE P AKISTAN
• 3rd in incidence after communicable &
cardiovascular diseases
•150,000 new cases reported every year (WHO)
•Ca breast in females vs H&N in males
•Hodgkin is most common cancer in early age
•Incidence increases with age

5. MORTALITY FROM CANCER
Leading cancer sites of mortality:
Females
breast cervix uteri lung
Males
lung liver colon/rectum

7. DEVELOPMENT of CANCER
Healthy cell
Dead cell Lose many cells
Cell damaged
Cell regeneration
Impaired cell
Regeneration
AGING
CANCER
OXIDANTS

8. Main Causes Of Cancer
1. Tobacco
2. Aging
3. Life style choices ( stress, lack of exercise
and sleep)
4. Diet & related

9. I. TOBACCO
Tobacco smoke : 4,000 chemicals, at least 43 of them cause
cancer ( Ref: Surgeon Journal of USA)

10. 2. AGING
• Aging is partly caused by oxidants that can damage DNA
• Antioxidants: Vit. A& C minimize damage

11. Obesity
Too little exercise, lack muscles mass, poor bone health
Produce too many hormones that cause cancer to grow

12. Dietary Habits
Too much fat & calories Lack of antioxidants
Carcinogenic chemicals

14. CANCER, FOODS and FOOD INGREDIENTS

16. KEYS to AVOID CANCER-CAUSING FOODS
• Knowing which ingredients are carcinogens or
cancer promoters
• Proper handling and preparation of certain foods
• Reading food labels to permanently
avoid consuming those ingredients

17. Common Cancer Causing Substances
in Foods
ŸFood Additives - BHA, BHT
ŸRefined Sugar
• Acrylamides
• Omega 6 – vegetable oils
• Sodium Nitrite
• Hydrogenated Oils
• Spoiled corn & peanuts (aflatoxin)

18. Do you regularly eat processed meats like
nuggets, pepperoni, or sausages?
Revise your menu…
An analysis of 10 studies carried
out by the WHO has shown that
eating as little as 2 oz of processed
meat per day is enough to
increase your risk of developing
bowel cancer by 18%.

19. Red meat has a dirty secret.
According to WHO, people who
eat 3.5 ounces of red meat every
day are 17% more likely to receive
a cancer diagnosis in the next few
years.
To reduce your risk of developing
cancer, avoid eating processed or
red meat on a daily basis.
Opt instead for pulses or tofu – or
just go vegetarian!

20. BBQ? Be cautious
Overcooking your food can be just
as bad, increasing your risk of
getting cancer.
When you overcook meat, or char
grill it on a BBQ, you’re creating
carcinogenic substances known as
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs).
Steaming, poaching or baking
meat significantly reduces the
likelihood of creating PAHs.

21. Coffee, tea or soup?
According to the World Health
Organization’s Agency for
Research on Cancer, drinking
liquids that are hotter than 150
degrees can, over the long term,
increase your risk of getting cancer
of the esophagus.

22. Soda is not safe
Swedish researchers in a 2012
study published in the American
Journal of Clinical Nutrition,
concluded that men who drink
one can of soda per day are 40%
more likely to be diagnosed with
prostate cancer.
This risk is highest for men over
the age of 45.
Switch to water or fresh juices.

23. Sea-food: Safe?
Fish : Omega-3 fatty acids.
Levels of persistent organic
pollutants were much higher in
farmed salmon than in its wild
counterpart.
Eating farmed salmon once a
month, over the long term, puts
you more at risk of developing
cancer than if you only eat wild
salmon.(2004 research)

24. Pasta: Perfect supper?
Eating too much white pasta
increases risk of lung cancer, even
if you’ve never smoked in your
life!
Texas researchers made the link
between lung cancer and
carbohydrates. The higher a food
is in carbohydrates, the more it
increases your risk of developing
cancer. And guess what? Pasta is
very high in carbohydrates!
Pasta is processed

25. White or brown bread?
The same Texas study also pointed
the finger at white bread.
This food, as popular as it is, could
increase your risk of developing
lung cancer by 49% through
increasing your body’s glycemic
index.
Yet another good reason to opt for
brown bread?

26. Canned Food: Cheap or Cancer?
In 2008, the Xeno-Analytical LLC
laboratory affiliated to the
University of Missouri discovered
that certain canned products,
tomato sauce and juice in
particular, contain Bisphenol A, a
chemical compound used to
manufacture various plastic items
such as CDs and water bottles.
As well as causing breast cancer,
Bisphenol A can increase your risk
of suffering from hyperactivity,
attention deficit, hormone
imbalance and obesity.

27. Excess of good is not good at all
Milk→ Ca→ bones.
However, a 2004 study claimed that men
who drink a lot of milk are 68% more likely
to contract prostate cancer.
The Canadian Cancer Society also believes
that milk is a potential risk factor when it
comes to developing prostate cancer due to
the animal fat that this drink contains.
As long as you don’t drink more than two
glasses per day (the quantity recommended
by the University of Montreal’s Nutrition
Department), you’ll be just fine.

28. Cancer just loves refined sugar.
High sugar intake may not only lead to
weight gain; a new study claims it can
increase the risk of breast cancer and
hasten spread of the disease to the lungs.
50-58% of mice fed sucrose-enriched diet
developed breast cancer
Dietary fructose and sucrose→↑ 12-
lipoxygenase signaling→↑ production of
12-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-
HETE) to raise risk of breast cancer
development and metastasis.
Corn syrup consumption increased Lung
metastasis by 12-HETE. (L Cohen et al.)

29. Genetically Modified Organisms
•Poultry
•Vegetables
•Fruits
•Rice
•Wheat
DNA mutations
Shift to organic (mother nature is
the ultimate safety)

30. Oils : Oh No!
Processed vegetable oils (soybean,
sunflower, canola) release chemicals
called Aldehydes which cause cancer &
neurodegenerative disorders.
Olive oil is proven to protect from brain
cancers.

31. Nature is naive; Artificial is atrocious
Artificial butter contains artificial colors &
preservatives– carcinogens.
Artificial butter flavor e.g. microwave
popcorns.

32. Chips : A Challenge!
According to the European Food
Safety Authority, when chips are
being manufactured at a high
temperature, a potentially
carcinogenic chemical compound
called acrylamide attaches itself to
the chips.
To be exact, the quantity of
acrylamide in chips is 500 times
higher than the World Health
Organization’s recommended
maximum quantities acceptable in
water.

33. Poorly Treated Peanuts
Peanuts are full of vitamins and
minerals.
In some cases, however, they
might be carcinogenic.
Poorly treated or poorly stored
peanuts are full of Aflatoxin, a
substance produced by mold and
fungus, which increases your risk
of liver cancer.

34. Food additives
•Used to prolong shelf life and preserve flavor and color
•Increases cancer risk and cardiovascular disease

35. Generally Recognized as Safe
•In 1958 US Congress established a GRAS list
•In 1960 the Color Additive Amendment was passed and
includes a provision, the Delaney Clause, that prohibits
any additives shown to cause cancer in humans or
animals to be added to our food
This is not being strictly enforced!
Artificial colors proven to increase cancer risks, hyperactivity in
children, and allergies, are still found in our food
•Some additives are listed as “natural” flavorings or
colorings but can contain over 40 chemical compounds
another misleading label

36. BHT (Butylated Hydroxytoluene)
• To help protect flavor, retards rancidity in
oils
• Should be avoided by infants, young
children, pregnant women and those
sensitive to aspirin, may be toxic to the
nervous system, (BHT – banned in England)
• BHT is common in potato chips, baked
goods, cosmetics and other products
ŸA related substance known as butylated
hydroxyanisole (BHA) may be used instead
of BHT

37. Debate on BHT
• Some studies linked BHT with an increase in
tumors and cancers
• Other studies suggested that it may protect
the body from free radicals which cause other
cancers
• BHT seems to have antimicrobial and antiviral
activity, and it has in fact been used in
medical research for treating conditions
related to the herpes virus family
• FDA still considers BHT to be safe, although
consumers who wish to avoid it may want to
check their labels carefully

38. Cancer's Molecular Sweet Tooth
and the Warburg Effect
Jung-whan Kim1, and Chi V. Dang1,2
Cancer Res September 15, 2006 66; 8927

39. ACRYLAMIDE

40. OMEGA 6 : OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID RATIO
Solution is to balance omega 6 intakes with high omega 3 intakes

42. Sodium Nitrites, Nitrosamines
• Added to processed meats, hot dogs, bacon, and any
other meat that needs a reddish color to look "fresh”
• Also found in food items that are pickled, fried, or
smoked; in things such as beer, cheese, fish
byproducts, and tobacco smoke
• Nitrosamines are extremely carcinogenic

43. TIPS to Prevent Cancer Through Foods
• Have a diet rich in fruits and vegetables Minimum
of 5 servings a day
• Eat healthy proteins: Beans, Fish, Tofu
• Eat healthy carbohydrates: brown rice, tubers,
corn, wheat bread, pasta etc
• A serving for fruits and vegetables, carbohydrates
is approximately your fist size
• A serving of your protein is approximately your
palm size

44. FOOD PYRAMID

45. Thanks for listening
Share for safety