At the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century, the effects of the industrial revolution appeared clearly and explicitly, represented by the discovery of the power of steam and its strong use in industry, due to the emergence of the need for developmِent at the level of modern cities, and this development made the revolution shift from manual labor to mechanical work, so human societies were transformed from agricultural societies To industrial societies, and there became civil life in the cities, and streams of migration emerged from the countryside to the city, and the effects of the revolution were prominent in Europe because of:
The emergence of new building materials.
As a result of supplying its colonies and foreign markets.
Owning a large local market.
- The existence of a modern transportation network and its large marine fleet.
Availability of raw materials such as coal and iron.