The document discusses the history and process of embalming. It begins with definitions and then describes how embalming has been practiced since ancient Egyptians who did so for religious purposes. It outlines the objectives of embalming such as temporary body preservation. The document explains the various types of embalming including arterial and cavity methods. It provides details on the chemicals used in embalming fluids and the embalming process. The conclusion recaps the key topics covered in the document.

1. E M B A L M I N G
Dr Gurjeet singh Juneja
PGT
Amch

2. A G E N D A
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DEFINITION
HISTORY
OBJECTIVES
TYPES
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
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3. I N T R O D U C T I O N
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Embalming and funeral
historian Edward C. Johnson
has written that, “embalming
is a means of artificially
preserving the dead human
body and it is one of
humankind’s longest
practiced arts.
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4. H I S T O R Y
All the world fears Time, but Time fears the
Pyramids”, so says an ancient Arab
proverb. Resting within those ancient
tombs of stone, the embalmed and
mummified dead, just as old as the
pyramids themselves, await eternal life.
The purpose of embalming, as practiced
by those ancient Egyptians, was religious
An exhibit at the National Archeological
Museum in Athens, Greece describes the
care of the dead by the society of Ancient
Egypt, circa 3000 BCE
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Embalming, as practiced
today, is defined by the
American Board of Funeral
Service Education as: “the
chemical treatment of the
dead human body to reduce
the presence and growth of
microorganisms,
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6. O B J E C T I V E S
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Temporary preservation and sanitation of the deceased body
Renders the body inoffensive by slowing postmortem changes
Seeing the body allows the family and friends to accept the finality of death
Allows time to organize ceremony and ritual with the body present
Time for friends and relatives to gather for funeral ceremonies and if desired view the deceased remains
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Moving the deceased to a distant location for final disposition and if desired, viewing
Restores a favorable body image by removing the adverse effects of disease, trauma, or
postmortem changes
Preservation for anatomical study and research by medical institutions
A slow breakdown of the body over time; desiccation rather than putrefaction
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The Mystery Of Rosalia Lombardo, The ‘Blinking’ Mummy Who Appears To Open Her Eyes
Rosalia Lombardo’s eyes have fueled Sicilian lore for the past 100 years. She is one of 8,000 mummies in the catacombs underneath the Capuchin convent
in Palermo, Sicily. And of the thousands of visitors who flock to see the blonde-haired girl, many report witnessing her eyes slowly open.

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He looks as though he is about to take his powerful
motorbike for a speedy race along the streets. But
this motorcyclist is going nowhere - he's dead.
Marin Funeral Home in San Juan, displayed the embalmed
body of 22-year-old David Morales Colon, in sunglasses and
sneakers, crouched astride his Honda Repsol racing bike.

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12. P R E S E R VAT I O N
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Freezing:- ice, snow,
glaciers
Dry cold:- cold dry hair
Dry Heat:- dry warm
air
Nature of the soil at
the place of interment.
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NATURAL

15. F R E E Z I N G
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16. D R Y C O L D
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17. D R Y H E AT
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18. N AT U R E O F S O I L
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• Long term burial in peat bogs.
• Soil impregnated with Salt, aluminium and copper.
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19. A R T I F I C I A L
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Artificial cold
Arterial
Injection &
Cavity
treatment
Cavity
injection &
immersion
Arterial
injection &
evisceration
Arterial
injection
Simple
immersion
Evisceration
& drying
Evisceration,
local incision
& immersion
Evisceration
& immersion
Powders
Simple heat
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20. S I M P L E H E AT
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Simple Heat :- Slow drying in an oven that is
heated with mixture of slaked lime.
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21. P O W D E R S
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• Powders :- Sawdust + Zinc sulphate or other preservatives.
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22. E V I S C E R AT I O N & I M M E R S I O N
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Evisceration
&
immersion:-
used by
Egyptians.
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23. C H E M I C A L & F L U I D S
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Preservatives Germicides Buffers Wetting Agents Anticoagulants Dyes Vehicle
Perfuming
Agents

24. P R E S E R VAT I V E S
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25. F O R M A L D E H Y D E
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Discovered in 1856
by British chemist
August wilheld Von
Holfmann.
Colourless
Pungent colour
Commercially
available as formalin
containing 37% of
formaldehyde in
water.
7% methyl
alcohol,37%
formaldehyde
remaining water.
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26. M E T H A N O L
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Volatile, inflammable & poisonous.
If consumed, cause blindness & death
Best preservative that precipitates protein and kill many organism.
Best useful dilution is 75% isopropyl alcohol.
It is cheaper, toxic than alcohol.
Stabilise formalin.
Penetrates & diffuse easily.
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27. P H E N O L
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Carbolic acid, coal tar derivative, extremely poisonous, colourless, crystalline solid.
Light exposure turns its darks ( oxidation)
Rapidly absorbed by proteins and contents of tissues.
Non-soluble in water soluble in ethanol, ether, glycerine & chloroform.
Powerful germicide & fungicide.
Greying of tissues.

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30. E M B A L M I N G F L U I D S
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Arterial
fluids
Cavity
fluids
Pre
injectio
n fluids
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31. A R T E R I A L F L U I D S
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Injected into the Vascular
system.
Dilution varies with types of
bodies – dehydrated, obese,
oedematous.
Also varies with special
condition like – refrigerated
bodies, burnt bodies,
infants.
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32. C AV I T Y F L U I D
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Fluids injected in the body
cavities i.e. thoracic,
abdominal and pelvic
cavities with a trocar.
For an average body, 2
litre of cavity fluid is
injected.
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33. P R E I N J E C T I O N F L U I D
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Pre injection
fluid is injected
before injecting
arterial fluids.
Its allows to
drain the blood
from vascular
system.
4 to 5 liter is
injected, wait
for 30 min
before injecting
arterial fluid.
Loosens clots
and improves
drainage.
Contains
anticoagulants
and buffers.
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Hand/foot
pump
Stirrup Pump Bulb Syringe

36. G R AV I T Y I N J E C T O R
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It is very simple, safest method.
Gravity bottle should hold 10 litre
of fluid & raised above the body.
A rise of 1 m gives a fluid
pressure of 0.6kg/sq.cm & 2m
gives around 1 kg/sq.cm.
Its takes longer time, uneven
distribution.
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37. M O T O R I S E D I N J E C T O R
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Fluid from injection
tank is forced into
the vascular system
using air from a
compression tank.
Pressure and Flow
rate are controlled by
device.
10 litre of arterial
solution injected in
30 min.
Pressure is around
2kg/sq.cm
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38. PA I N T M I X T U R E
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1 Glycerin 75%
2 Alcohol 10%
3 Phenol 5%
4 Water 10%
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39. TA N K ( I M M E R S I O N ) F L U I D
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1 Formalin 15%
2 Glycerin 20%
3 Phenol 5%
4 Water 66%
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40. E M B A L M I N G P R O C E D U R E
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Factors determining the flow of fluids into the tissue.
• Capillary resistance
• Chemical composition
• Injection pressure
• Osmosis, diffusion & gravity
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41. T Y P E S
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42. A R T E R I A L
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43. C AV I T Y
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The incision is to above the navel given 2 inch superior and inch right and enter the cavities. For aspirating the contents

44. H Y P O D E R M I C E M B A L M I N G
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It’s a supplemental
method.
Its done where arterial
Fluid can’t be
distributed.
This theory suggest
that putting the
messages directly to
the brain of audience.
To preserve small or
large local areas by
Sub-cutaneous
Injection, bomb blast
,railway Accident.
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45. S U R F A C E E M B A L M I N G
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Supplemental
method.
Gauge with
chemicals
applied on the
eternal Skin.
Burned tissue,
bed sores,
Surface lesion

46. M E D I C O - L E G A L A S P E C T S
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Embalming should be avoided before autopsy, it may include artifact and
poses.
Embalming also cause chemical stiffening.
Embalming destroy various poison e.g. cyanide, alcohol, opiates.
Detection of embolus and thrombi its also difficult.
The Dimension of wounds is modified even new wound occur because use of
trocar.
After embalming blood grouping is also difficult.
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47. L E T S R E C A L L
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DEFINITION
OBJECTIVES
TYPES
CHEMICAL
MEDICO-
LEGAL
ASPECT
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48. R E F E R E N C E S
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1) Mayer RG. Embalming: History,
theory, and practice. 4th ed. New
York, NY: McGraw-Hill Medical;
2006.
2) Burroway J. Embalming mom:
Essays in life (sightline books: The
Iowa series in literary nonfiction)
[Internet]. Iowa City, IA: University
of Iowa Press; 2004.
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49. T H A N K
Y O U
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Gsgurjeet6@gmail.com
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