This document discusses menstruation in adolescent girls. It aims to study problems faced during menstruation including age of menarche, duration of menstrual cycle, level of bleeding and cramping pains. The research methodology uses a descriptive design with a sample of 190 adolescent girls. Data is collected through questionnaires and analyzed using percentage, SPSS software and statistical tests. Key findings are that most girls attain menarche at the appropriate age but cycle duration and intensity vary. Psychological problems are common. The study recommends charting of cycles, use of comfortable absorbents, and home remedies over drugs.

1. GRINTY BABU
1P32L0005
HEALTHCARE & ENTREPRENEURSHIP

2. MENSTRUATION
 Menstruation or having your period is when blood and tissue from your uterus comes out of your vagina. It
usually happens every month.
 Hormones also make the lining of your uterus thick and spongy. So if your egg does get fertilized, it has a
nice cushy place to land and start a pregnancy. This lining is made of tissue and blood, like almost
everything else inside our bodies. It has lots of nutrients to help a pregnancy grow.
 About halfway through your menstrual cycle, your hormones tell one of your ovaries to release a mature
egg, this is called ovulation. Most people don’t feel it when they ovulate, but some ovulation symptoms are
bloating, spotting, or a little pain in your lower belly that you may only feel on one side. Once the egg
leaves your ovary, it travels through one of your fallopian tubes toward your uterus.
 If pregnancy doesn’t happen, your body doesn’t need the thick lining in your uterus. Your lining breaks
down, and the blood, nutrients, and tissue flow out of your body through your vagina. it’s your period!

3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
 To study the problems faced during menstruation in adolescent girls.
 To study the age at menarche and duration of the menstrual cycle.
 To study the level of bleeding and the intensity of cramping pains.
 To study the physical and mental problems faced during menstruation.

4. 1.5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
The research design specifies the method of study. Research design is prepared after
formulating the research problem. The study follows descriptive research method. Descriptive studies
aim at portraying accurately the characteristics of a particular group or situation. Descriptive research is
concerned with describing the characteristics of a particular individual or a group. Here the researcher
attempts to present the existing facts by collecting data.
RESEARCH DESIGN
A research design is the process of action throughout the procedure, which provides guidelines
for the rest of research process. It is the map of blueprint according to which, the research is to be
conducted. It minimizes the error and maximize the accuracy.
SOURCES OF DATA
Data collected using a structural questionnaire also through the desk research. Data are the raw
materials in which marketing research works. It includes collection of primary and secondary data.
PRIMARY DATA
Data collected by the investigator himself/ herself for a specific purpose. The study is mainly
based on the primary data, i.e. the survey questionnaire.

5. SECONDARY DATA
Data collected by someone else for some other purpose (but being utilized by the investigator for
another purpose). The secondary data is collected from the reference books and websites provided in the
bibliography.
SAMPLING METHOD
Sampling is the process of selecting a representative group from the population under study. The
target population is the total group of individuals from which the sample might be drawn. Sampling technique
used in the study is ‘Random Sampling’.
SAMPLE SIZE
A sample is the group of people who take part in the investigation. The people who take part are
referred to as “participants”. The sample size taken for this study is 190. Working and non- working
adolescent girls are taken as samples in the study.
TOOLS FOR ANALYSIS
The various tools that are used for the analysis of the data. The main tool used for data analysis is
percentage method.

6.  SPSS Statistics is a software package used for interactive, or batched, statistical analysis.
The software name originally stood for Statistical Package for the Social
Sciences (SPSS), reflecting the original market, although the software is now popular in other
fields as well, including the health sciences and marketing.
 SPSS is a widely used program for statistical analysis in social science. It is also used by
market researchers, health researchers, survey companies, government, education researchers,
marketing organizations, data miners, and others.
SPSS SOFTWARE

7. LEARNING OUTCOMES
 Data Collection and Organization: SPSS is often used as a data collection tool by researchers.
 Data Output: Once data is collected and entered into the data sheet in SPSS, you can create an
output file from the data.
 Statistical Tests: The most obvious use for SPSS is to use the software to run statistical tests.

8.  We also recommend that adolescent girls should chart their menstrual frequency
and regularity prospectively from menarche onwards to catch any menstrual
problem.
 Adolescent girls should not be prescribed to take drugs to avoid, prepone or
postpone periods. They should be prescribed with home remedies like ginger,
movement and meditation.
 Even today, some girls use clothes to collect menstrual flow. They should be made
aware of other comfortable products such as sanitary pads and tampons.
RECOMMENDATIONS

9.  Attainment of menarche at right age is an important milestone during adolescence, which
signifies the normal functioning of the female reproductive system. Study revealed that
majority of adolescent girls had attained menarche at appropriate age.
 Study revealed that majority of adolescent girls had attained menarche at appropriate age.
The duration of bleeding and the cycle interval was quite varying in majority of girls.
Psychological problem was the commonest challenge among the adolescents.
 Various color of menstrual flow was reported. The use of hygienic sanitary pads as
absorbent was prevalent in majority of adolescent girls.
 The chi-square test explains that there is no significant relationship between the level of
menstrual flow and the occurrence of pain during the menstrual cycle.
CONCLUSION