In this review paper I cover-up the reason, bad effects, solution, and some laws and responsibilities of us abut waste garbages.

1. Project name: -
Waste Management
Submitted By
Name: - Gouri Saha
Registration no: -11811262
Course code: - MNG231
Name of the program: - B.Sc. (Forensic Science)
School: - Biosciences and Bioengineering
Lovely Professional University
Phagwara, Punjab.

2. Declaration: -
I m Gouri Saha, Registration no 11811262. Hereby I declare
that this project is based on my work and experience and this report
is fully my original work.
Gouri Saha (11811262)

3. Index :-
1) Introduction
2) Problem Identification and the Cause of the Problem
3) Object to be achieved
4) Various Steps taken to achieved the objectives
5) Effectiveness of the project
6) Conclusion
7) References

4. Introduction: -
Our unwanted or undesirable things or useless things are
known as Waste Materials. Generally, in our environment we face
solid garbage – the source of these are industry, domestic garbage,
agriculture field, hospital etc.
Commonly there are two types of waste material –
1) Biodegradable waste material
2) Non-biodegradable waste material.
 Biodegradable waste refers to that garbage which can be
decompose by living micro-organisms and breaks into water,
carbon dioxide, methane and other organic molecules.
Examples of biodegradable waste - Kitchen or
domestic waste materials, food materials, garden or green waste
materials, paper and biodegradable plastics etc.
- (Biodegradable waste material)
 Non-Biodegradable waste refers that garbage which can not be
decompose but it can be reuse and recycling, these types of
waste material are major pollutants.

5. Examples of non-biodegradable waste –
industrial waste materials like plastics, glass pieces, toxic chemicals,
metals, electronic devices etc.
- (non-biodegradable waste material)
Sources of waste materials: - Industrial area,
agriculture field, domestic waste, municipal area,
commercial area, hospital etc.
Garbage generation in India: In India 62 million tonnes
waste materials generate in every year – in accordance
with India Press Information Bureau (including
biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste
materials).
Management of waste materials:
1) Prevention
2) Reuse
3) Donation
4) Recycle
5) Dispose

6. Problem Identification and the Cause of the Problem: -
 Garbage is most dangerous threat for environment if we are
not able to manage it (like disposal and reuse).
 It can also be danger for health, as well as it can be also a
strong question for exist of many species.
 Non-biodegradable waste material like plastic, polybags etc is
harmful for Agri-field.
 It can also be a challenge for water reservoir. Mainly the plastic
slops play an evil role to the environment. It can travel entire
river and ocean which can affect marine life.
It does not only affect our Health but also this
unhygienic atmosphere affects us mentally.
According to senior scientist of CSIR-National Environment
Engineering Research Institute Dr. Sunil Kumar the major
problem of this unhygienic situation is improper collection
of garbage and unscientific dealing with waste materials.
Object to be achieved: -
We have to adopt some Good habits and also,
we should throw away some of regular basis habit which is
harmful for our society as well as threat for our
environment-
 We have to learn how to control the use of maximum quantity
of non-biodegradable material.
 Prepare society for donate their unnecessary things to others
who have actual need of these.

7.  We have to know about the reuse and recycle of waste
material.
 Making compost fertilizer in home by biodegradable waste
materials.
 Use separate dustbin for biodegradable and non-biodegradable
waste materials.
 Scientific treatment of medical trash (in hospital or in any
medical camp like blood donation camp)
 Have to make social awareness about scientific treatment to
dispose the garbage.
 Need implementation of new scheme and help of government.
 Have to turn on some rules and acts.
Various Steps taken to achieved the objectives: -
1) Prevention: in our daily life for
marketing or for carrying anything
we use Plastic bags; from every
shop we are getting this type of
non-biodegradable material. We
should make control on this as
much as we can do.
Example-
Various company they can
use other biodegradable containers
instant of plastics,
Like, company who r making
cooldrinks and using plastic bottle
for sell – they can use glass,

8. stainless steel, paper bottle or
plant-based plastics as container.
2) Reduce: To reduce the use of non-
biodegradable material we have to
know and take it`s alternative thing.
Example:
in general, where we use
plastic bags their we can use jute bags.
Also, we can reduce the use of plastic
plates and cups.

9. 3) Reuse: We have to learn how to use
again of a used material where we
throw out it as a waste material or
as garbage and thus, we can control
on manufacturing of such non-
biodegradable product (like
polybag).
4) Recycle: The non-biodegradable
product which is not able to reuse
more like plastic, metallic things,
broken glass, e-waste etc without
throwing it we can involve it as raw
material of another new product.
4)Composting: Biodegradable garbage
like vegetables peels and leaves or
green waste materials/ garden waste,
Biodegradable paper – without
throwing it we can make compost by
those. This is eco-friendly and easy
process.

10. 5)Donation: The thing which is no
need to one person it can be food,
cloths, tools, e-materials, or any
plastic materials – it can be donate to
another person who needs it or
anyone can donate it in any
organization.
6) Colour coding dustbin:
We should follow colour
coding of dustbin, in road side, park,
market and college.
Without keeping one dustbin we have
to provide separate dustbin which will
different colour with different
meaning.
Like-

11. Green for biodegradable waste
Blue for recyclable waste
Black for e-waste.
We should use at least three
coloured dustbins for easier
segregation and for that we should
create awareness in people to
maintain the decorum.
- (Colour coding Dustbin)
7) Treatment of medical waste:
Use separate begs for
segregation of medical trash, like –
yellow begs, red begs, white beg etc.
And we need proper treatment like
autoclave – for sterilization, also can
take help of thermal treatment like
incineration for shatter germs and
pathogen.

12. 8) Social awareness about Trash
management: Public awareness is vital
key of waste management and make a
healthy society and thus a healthy
country and healthy world. This step
can be taken by advertisement, make
a lesson in school and college student,
or by any cultural programme.
Awareness in public is necessary
because some time we can see people
don’t use dustbin properly or they
don’t understand the colour coding
meaning of various dustbin that where
recyclable materials should throw and
where degradable materials should
throw.
9)More Economic helps: in our India,
only 65-70% waste materials can
collect and from these only 15-20%

13. waste materials can recycle or dispose
because of unscientific treatment and
economic weakness.
In between 200-250-meter distance
there should be one dustbin in public
area and it should be visible to public.
State and Central Government should
make some scheme for these all. (Like
Swachh Bharata Avian).
10) Rules and Acts: For better
implementation of above things some
rules and acts are need for citizen.
Like-
 Plastic waste management and
handling rules, 2011. – this act is
applicable for all craftsman,
retailer, seller, and users. Here
it describes about the
manufacture of the product
and also dispose of the product
as well as also described about
penalty.
 E-waste management and
handling rules, 2011 – in this act
also described about the storage
and transportation of e-product.
It also described about dispose
and recycle of e-waste.
 Biomedical management rule
1998 – BMW rules applicable to
all health care canter like
hospital, medical clinic,

14. veterinary institution, blood
donation camps any health
camp.
 Battery management rule 2001 -
Here described about
management of batteries
component like lead with proper
guidelines.
Public should obey all those rules
to make a healthy and Garbage
free environment.
Hence,
We should be aware about the scientific treatment of trash, as
well we should know techniques that how to manage and also
people should know what will be the fate if we will be not aware
about it.
Effectiveness of the project:
 By prevention and reduce of non-biodegradable we can control
on production of those material and also, we can reduce to
make it harmful.
 By reuse and recycle we can maintain the raw materials of
products.

15.  Compost fertilizer from garbage will help us to make a green
atmosphere which will improve mental and physical health
condition. We can carry this process in home (garden side) also.
 By donation of thing we can control of production and garbage.
As well as we can fulfil the need of those things to others.
 By using colour coding dustbin, it will easy to segregate
biodegradable and nonbiodegradable waste materials for
dispose them or for another treatment like recycle.
 By scientific treatment of medical waste material, we can make
a germ-free environment, which we will keep us physically and
mentally healthy.
 By making public awareness we can easily solve this garbage
problem. From here people will also understand the necessary
of a good management of garbage.
 We can see garbage on the road side – one of this reason can
be people are not able to find out dustbin for throw waste
materials in between 150-200 meter. But if we can draw this
picture in reality there will be a less chance to seen garbage in
public area like road, marker, parking area etc.
 Rules and acts can also help to improve the management
system. By this people will also aware.
Conclusion: -
“A healthy environment makes a healthy Country”
To give a resourceful and disease-free environment for
our next generation we need awareness about waste management.

16. Mainly we should be aware about non-biodegradable trash – which
can’t dispose easily.
At endpoint I will conclude –A complete Waste Management
Project can protect the environment.
But for that for that only Government and municipalities help is not
sufficient, citizen should be aware about it.

17. References
1) https://www.epw.in/engage/article/institutional-framework-
implementing-solid-waste-management-india-macro-
analysis#:~:text=Waste%20Generation%20in%20India,4%25%2
0(PIB%202016
2) https://flores.unu.edu/en/news/news/the-crisis-of-waste-
management-in-
india.html#:~:text=According%20to%20Dr%20Kumar%2C%20th
e,soil%20pollution%2C%20and%20air%20pollution.
3) https://www.epa.gov/trash-free-waters/impacts-mismanaged-
trash#:~:text=Trash%20can%20travel%20throughout%20the,riv
er%2C%20marine%20and%20coastal%20environments.
4) https://www.epa.gov/recycle/reducing-and-reusing-basics
5) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5784295/
6) https://www.mondaq.com/india/waste-
management/396342/waste-management-in-india-an-
overview#:~:text=1.5%20The%20Hazardous%20Wastes%20(Ma
nagement,and%20treatment%20of%20h

18. Acknowledgement: -
I am Thankful to my all guardians, faculty and mentor for their
guidance and indication for my project and share their valuable time
with me for my project and also thanks for encouragement me.
THANK YOU