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1.  The pelvic girdle is an articulated bony ring
composed of the sacrum, coccyx and two hip
bones. Whereas the pelvic girdle is part of the
appendicular skeleton of the lower limb, the
sacrum and coccyx is also part of the axial
skeleton, continuous with lumbar vertebrae
superiorly and coccyx inferiorly. The hip bones
are formed by the fusion of the ilium, ischium and
the pubis.
THE PELVIC GIRDLE

2.  Also known as the pelvic bones
or coxae or innominate bones.
They are two largely irregularly
shaped bones. They are each
formed from the fusion of the
three bones; the ilium, ischium
and pubis. In infants and
children, the three bones are
separate and joined by a
triradiate cartilage.
 Posteriorly they articulate with
the auricular surface of sacrum
at sacroiliac joint. Laterally they
articulate with the head of the
femur at the acetabulum.
Anteriorly the hip bones
articulate at the pubic
THE HIP BONES

3.  This is the largest and widest
bone of the hip bone.
 It is fan shaped and located in
superior position of hip bone.
 The body of the ilium forms the
superior part of acetabulum.
 Immediately above the
acetabulum, the ilium expands
to form the wide fan shaped
portion called ala.
 From lateral view, anterior,
posterior and inferior gluteal
lines are present for
attachment of gluteal
muscles.
THE ILIUM

4.  The posteromedial side of the ilium exhibits a
large roughened area called auricular surface for
articulation with sacrum at sacroiliac joint.
 The iliac crest extends from the anterior superior
iliac spine to the posterior superior iliac spine.
 Below these spines are corresponding anterior
and posterior inferior iliac spine.
 The inner surface is concave shaped which
produces the iliac fossa(site of origin for iliacus
muscle).

5. THE ISCHIUM
 Forms the posterior inferior part
of the hip bone.
 It is composed of body, an
inferior and superior rami
 The inferior ischial ramus
articulates with inferior pubic
ramus forming the ischiopubic
ramus, which encloses the
obturator foramen. The obturator
foramen is a large oval aperture
bound by pubis and ischium and
their rami. Some of the
structures that pass through are
obturator nerve, artery and vein.

6.  The posterior inferior border is a roughened projection called
ischial tuberosity, which supports body weight when an
individual is seated.
 Prominent to acetabulum the triangular ischial spine projects
medially.
 The concavity between the ischial spine and ischial tuberosity,
is the lesser sciatic notch.