The modern Mongolian language is a mix of Old Mongolian, Old Turkic, Chinese, Sanskrit, Sogdian (Persian), Russian and English. Most people assume that English came last into the mix but it had more impact on the Mongolian language than Turkic which dominated the Mongolian steppe for over 600 years. In this dictionary, we would like to point out that Mongolian seems to have many words sounding quite similar to English and with reasonably close meanings. It may have had a very ancient connection with proto-English. Some may say English itself is a very old and mixed language, thus it has a connection with everyone. However, Mongolia is one of the few countries which has never been invaded by the British Empire and never engaged in a significant historic or cultural exchange.

2. 666
English-Mongol
common words
English editors:
Daniel Havlat (USA)
Max Saiffe (UK)
Mongolian editor:
Nyamdolgor.M
Book format:
Gankhuyag Choigaalaa Borjigin
2021

3. Зохиогчийн үг
“Монгол хүн Европ сэтгэлгээтэй” гэж
ярьдгийн учир оршвой. Өсөхөөс сурсан үндэсний
хэл, мартаж болшгүй соёл болсон бидний Монгол хэл
Индо-Европ хэлний өвөгтэй эртний холбоотой
болохыг тэмдэглэх зорилгоор энэхүү товч толь
бичгийг бүтээв. Алдсан эндүүрсэн, орхигдуулсан
зүйлс мундахгүй байхал боловч, Монгол хэлний
зарим язгуур үгийн сан ойр хөршүүд болох Түрэг
угсааны улсууд, Төвд, Хятад, Орос хэлийг бодвол
нилээд хол орших Герман, Англи хэлтэй илүү ойр
байгаа явдалыг онцлууштай юм. Энэ толь бичгийг
Англи хэлний зохих мэдлэгтэй, Англи хэлээр яригч
найз нөхөдтэй, хэл соёлоо танин мэдэх хүсэлтэй
хүний оюуны хэрэгцээнд зориулав.
Чойгаалаа Ганхуяг Боржигин – Хэл шинжлэлийн
магистр.
1

4. Origi-n / Orishi-l (foreword)
The modern Mongolian language is a mix of Old
Mongolian, Old Turkic (Uyghur, Tuva & Yakut), Tibetan,
Manchu, Sanskrit, Sogdian (Persian), Russian and English.
People assume that English came last into the mix, but it had
more impact on the Mongolian language than Turkic which
dominated the Mongolian steppe for over 600 years.
In this dictionary, we would like to point out that
Mongolian seems to have many words sounding quite similar
to English and with reasonably close meanings.
Picture: One must give this some thoughts, its a bit not
obvious, so to speak. Long sounds written with “+g”: Khaan →
Khagan.
It may have had a very ancient connection with proto-English
(Indo-Europeans). Some may say English itself is a very old
and mixed language, thus it has a connection with everyone.
However, Mongolia is one of the few countries which has
never been invaded by the British Empire and never engaged in
a significant historic or cultural exchange.
2

5. Not included are loan words which came with
modernity, scientific discoveries such as: car, card, business,
balance, machine, transport, computer, robot, shop. Also,
medical terms such as: bacteria, pharmacy, penicillin, doctor,
vaccine. Globally used words: animal & plants, food-related,
military, economic or political terms are omitted as well such
as: dollar, phone, guitar, jeans, coffee, tea, banana, chocolate,
cosmetics, sport, etc…
It is worth noting that most of the loan words from English into
the modern Mongolian language start with the letter K, P, F,
L...etc.
This dictionary was created using speculative and open-
minded criterion. If an English word sounds similar to a
3

6. Mongolian word and their meanings are close, we make an
educated guess about them being effectively the same word or
could have an unexplainable commonality.
Food – Bood-og is a Mongolian cuisine dish of barbecued
goat or Tarbagan marmot cooked with heated stones inserted
into the carcass. See: Food.
Crazy – Kerzi+hii / Kherz+khii / Herz+hii = bad manners,
antisocial manners. Herts+gii = savage.
Hinge – Ginge / Ginj (old script: Hinji) = chains.
Groove – Gorbi / Gurvi = cut, groove.
Bashful – Baashtai = capricious, hiding something inside.
Above, Boodog was purely absurd speculation, F turns into B
in Mongolian, we've included a few such words. Human names
and religious terms are included in this dictionary for your
amusement. Crazy and Hinge were surprisingly close ones,
hinge is like short chains. Groove is clearly Gurbi, how such
words exist in Mongolian is a mystery.
There are several mysteries for example:
Bird – Bird is a type of fire demon with a mutilated body, the
demon of greed, a wish-fulfilling jinn. In Hinduism, the lord of
birds Garuda (king bird) had a brother who was born before his
time and became a jinn without legs. Mongolian for jinn is bird
and it simply can mean flying creatures, not demons or jinns.
(Spirit → S+pirit → Birid → Bird?).
Sun ping – San ping is the endless knot on Mongolian hats.
These knots symbolize the Sun and it seems it has an English
4

7. name, Sun ping is Sun button. To make it close to the Sanskrit
word Samsara Sam ping is mainly used. In Mongolian Samsara
is Sansara meaning cosmos, space. San+Sara means
Sun+Moon. (Manchu: San = Sun).
However such long shot speculations are just a handful in this
dictionary and spelling has been made easier for English
readers.
5

8. There are many twisted words. See: Lazy, Dream...etc.
It has been a long time since the Tower of Babel was destroyed.
Languages are increasingly drifting away from their roots,
words evolve, sometimes beyond recognition of what was
written or spoken in the past.
The English word Club is Klub in Mongolian. Klub
came to Mongolia with the Russian communist revolution but
the old version is from the old script: Holbuga, the modern
written and spoken word is Holboo which in Mongolian means
link, connection, union, club, association. Like Haan (king)
becomes Khaan / Khan in the West. Call → Kall → Khell →
Hel = means language. Holboo becomes Kolbo, Kolbo to Clob,
thus came Club (See: Hold). And, closely related word is:
B-lock → (twist) → ckolB → Holbo-kh = to connect.
6

9. ♣♣♣
To keep this dictionary short & simple, and maintain
“The Devil's horsemen” or “Some Elves were twisted into
Orcs” theme we've limited it to 666 words. This dictionary has
two parts, first 365 words are simple & obvious ones, rest are
changed & twisted ones. Let us begin the ride! Read! (unakh,
unshikh).
7

10. A lot has changed...
1. A lot – Lota / Lut ♣ ЛУТ = huge, massive, too many,
immensity. Olo-n ♣ ОЛОН = many.
2. Adam –(religiously not related!) – Otam / Odam / Udam ♣
УДАМ = (male) family bloodline, mankind, roots, (noble)
origin,...etc. (Odga / Udga / Udgam / Udgan ♣ УДГАН = female
roots, female shaman). See: God, Odin.
3. Adventure → Ad-went-ure → Adal yawda-l ♣ АДАЛ
ЯВДАЛ. Here “yaw = way”.
4. Again – Akhin ♣ АХИН. Again seems to have come from
“A+gain”. See: Gain.
5. Agree → A+gree → Geree ♣ ГЭРЭЭ = Agreement,
contract.
8

11. 6. Ahead – Ahiad ♣ АХИАД = gain ground, move forward.
See: Head.
7. Air – Agaar ♣ АГААР. (long “aa” sound → “agaa”: Air →
Aar → Agaar).
8. Alien – Ail-iin ♣ АЙЛЫН = not our (family). Ailiin Hun ♣
АЙЛЫН ХҮН = neighbor, stranger, a person from other
household.
9. All → Alliwa / Alivaa ♣ АЛИВАА = all, each. Also: Oll /
Olon / Olni ♣ ОЛНЫ = public, many people, many of us. Oluulaa
♣ ОЛУУЛАА = we all.
10. Ambassador – Amban said ♣ АМБАН САЙД = mouth-
using negotiator or minister, ambassador.
11. Amen – Amin ♣ АМИН = living, life-supporting. Amin
Shuteen ♣ АМИН ШҮТЭЭН = living relic: mainly a shamaness
tree, a set free horse (a horse set free/liberated). N-amin-ch-lakh ♣
НАМИНЧЛАХ = to pray, to confess.
9

12. 12. Are – Nar ♣ НАР. Mostly used to say: Ted nar ♣ ТЭД
НАР = They are. Bid nar ♣ БИД НАР = We are. Ed nar ♣ ЭД
НАР = These are.
13. Arse (American English: Ass) – Ar ♣ АР = Back side.
See: Back, North.
14. Ask – Asuk / Asuukh / Asuuh ♣ АСУУХ.
15. Aura – Aural / Avral ♣ АВРАЛ = Salvation. According to
Buddhist beliefs, Buddha became one with the dark void (died).
But in his Bliss realm (Heaven) he became like a sun, and
salvation is to stand eternally under his radiant Aura – emitted
light, heat, and healing. See: House.
16. Aviation – Avir ♣ АВИР = climb up. Also: Avia ♣
sound, noise (flying in the air).
17. Avid – Avid ♣ АВИД = means “protected”, a male name
(like D-avid) believed to came from Sanskrit: Avita. Female name:
Avidmaa ♣ АВИДМАА = protected-lady. English: Avid -having or
10

13. showing a keen interest in or enthusiasm for something.
Mongolian: Avid = Armor, Protection. In Mongolian culture armor
and protections symbolize “Lust for life”.
11

14. B
18. Blade – (old script: Balda) Balt ♣ БАЛТ = axe. (Turkic
also uses Balta = Axe).
19. Bad – Russian: Beda ♣ БЕДА = trouble. Mongolian:
Buda Bolokh ♣ БУДАА БОЛОХ = get destroyed, go to pieces, to
crumble. Actually: B-Ad → Russian: Adsky → Mongolian: Adgiin
♣ АДГИЙН = hellish, bad, last, worst. Also: Bad ♣ БАД = very
(black). Only used to say “Very black = Bad khar ♣ БАД ХАР.
Black color is mainly used to say “bad & evil things”. Black –
Balag? ♣ БАЛАГ = trouble, fault.
20. Bag – Baglaа ♣ БАГЛАА = (proper bag is not used)
package, bundle, wrap, parcel...etc. See: Pack.
12

15. 21. Bait – Bai / Bait (with-target) ♣ БАЙ = target, any
archery & shooting target. Bait Harvaa ♣ БАЙТ ХАРВАА =
(modern) archery. See: Be.
22. Bar – Bar ♣ БАР = block print, printing plate.
23. Baritone – Barigil / Bargil ♣ БАРГИЛ = deep manly
voice (Tiger like voice).
24. Base (Basic) → Baaz ♣ БААЗ = simple, normal. Baaz
mori ♣ БААЗ МОРЬ = weak horse. Some may argue that word
Baaz = Basic comes from Russian: Bazovii = basic and Baza = a
base. But Mongolian: Baaz / Baz = good old friend. Baaz = batch,
bundle. Baaz = people who are guarding the caravan (for nomadic
horde the main base is the largest caravan). -it seems this word was
before Soviet Russian influence.
25. Bashful – Bashtay / Baashtai ♣ БААШТАЙ =
capricious, hiding something inside. The word "aashtai ♣
ААШТАЙ” = rash, capricious – is more used. Bashir ♣ БАШИР
13

16. (a male name) = cunning, crafty, smart. Bash (Face) means “Head”
in Turkic: Bas or Bash, Russian: Bashka. Bashir is a close word to
Khashir ♣ ХАШИР – See: Caution, Face.
26. Be – By / Bai ♣ БАЙ. Example: Be strong = Huchtey bai
♣ ХҮЧТЭЙ БАЙ. Also: Be → Bi / Bii ♣ БИЙ = be, exist, there is.
27. Belly – Belhuis ♣ БЭЛХҮЙС / БЭЛХҮҮС = waist. Bel
♣ БЭЛ = bottom or base of a mountain, (most fat area). Huis ♣
ХҮЙС = belly button, gender. See: Feeling.
28. Berry rice (food) – Bereesee / Berees ♣ БЭРЭЭС – it is
a mystery why Mongolian had such need to simplify “beri rice →
beriis → berees” this much. Such changes seem rare. (Boxing →
Bogos → Pogos-dokh → Pogoodokh ♣ ПОГООДОХ = boxing,
mass street fight. Cookie → Gookie / Gookhii ♣ ГӨӨХИЙ. Brake
→ Baraakh ♣ БАРААК = broken goods, factory defect or
damaged goods). See: Gold.
14

17. 29. Bird – Bird ♣ БИРД = a type of demon with a mutilated
body. Demon of greed. Wish-fulfilling Jinn. Hinduism: Lord of
birds Garuda had a brother who was born before its time and
became a Jinn without legs. Mongolian "Bird” simply can be Birds
– flying creatures.
30. Blind → Balai+nd – Balai ♣ БАЛАЙ = blind, crazy.
31. Blood – Buluud ♣ БҮЛҮҮД = kin. Ger buluud ♣ ГЭР
БҮЛҮҮД = (home) families.
32. Blur – Bulur → Balar-akh / Balrakh ♣ БАЛРАХ = to rub
off, to get blurred.
33. Boil – Boil+gekh / Bolgekh / Bolgokh ♣ БОЛГОХ =
make ready, prepare, boil/cook a food.
34. Bolt – Boolt ♣ БООЛТ = screw.
35. Bomb – Bumbug ♣ БӨМБӨГ = ball, bomb. Bumbulug ♣
БӨМБӨЛӨГ = Bubble.
36. Bond – Bund ♣ БУНД = heart symbol.
15

18. 37. Booger – Bookhir / Bokhir ♣ БОХИР = poop, booger,
gum and other human waste, dirt, unholy. Nusan Bokhir ♣
НУСАН БОХИР. (Bokhi – gum, chewing gum like).
38. Boot – Buitug / Boytog / Boitog ♣ БОЙТОГ = baby
shoes.
39. Boss – Bos / Bosokh ♣ БОС = stand up. Bossoo / Bosoo
♣ БОСОО = standing, erect, vertical...etc.
40. Boulder = Bul (+chuluu = stone) ♣ БУЛ = big stone =
Bul chuluu ♣ БУЛ ЧУЛУУ. Also: Boulder-u → Buldruu ♣
БУЛДРУУ = bump, (swelling) lump.
41. Bow → Bow-hii → Bokhi / Bohii ♣ БӨХИЙ.
42. Boy (gender) – Boyjig / Boyjigoy / Boijigoo ♣
БОЙЖГОЙ / БООЖГОЙ = penis. It comes from word Boy / Boi
♣ БОЙ = (dangerous and hard) first year of a lifetime. Boyjikh /
Boyjih ♣ БОЙЖИХ= grow up (time). If “Baby” → “Baybe / Bai-
be” may mean Boi + Bai = “first year + be in”.
16

19. 43. Brave – Bervegnekh ♣ БЭРВЭГНЭХ = be fearful, to be
afraid, to be careful. See: Fear.
44. Bronze – Boronz ♣ БОРОНЗ = golden or silver paint.
Mongolian for “bronze” is “Hurel ♣ ХҮРЭЛ = Brownish”.
45. Brown – Bor ♣ БОР. Word Brown = “Bor” is used to say
“Poor”.
46. Buck (male deer) – Buga ♣ БУГА = a deer.
47. Buckle – Bekhel ♣ БЭХЭЛ = enforce, secure, attach,
fasten, strap...etc.
48. Bulge – Bultsii ♣ БҮЛЦИЙ.
49. Bull → Bukh ♣ БУХ.
50. Bunch – Buun ♣ БӨӨН = bunch, many.
17

20. 51. Burka – old script: Burkhe / Burh ♣ БҮРХ = Cover,
travel-coat – uniquely Khalkha, woman`s Burh is similar to
Caucasus Burka – a traditional man's coat made from felt or
karakul – Burh is made of colorful silk – a garment of a rich and
noble Khalkha lady.
The reason I mention Burka here is that it is a very important word
for a Mongolian and probably very ancient. Wikipedia page: “List
of English words of Turkic origin” claims: - from Russian,
probably from buryi "dark brown (of a horse)", probably of Turkic
18

21. origin; akin to Turkish bur "red like a fox"; the Turkic word
probably from Persian bor "reddish-brown"; akin to Sanskrit
babhru "reddish-brown".
OK, this is ridiculous – when we are talking about a garment /
clothing item. According to Mongolian, English P or F turns
into B in Mongolian or vice versa. Burka or Burkhe ♣ БҮРХ
means something that covers. And the core of this word is Bur
= cover, paint over, Bur-kh-uul ♣ БҮРХҮҮЛ = coating, layer,
surface...etc. I suspect "Bur" in English is "Fur". A simple
cover made of Fur (Furka) is may be not an ancestor of all
clothing but its name is quite important for a Mongolian.
An old saying: Biye chutgur, huvtsas burkhan. ♣ БИЕ ЧӨТГӨР,
ХУВЦАС БУРХАН = Body is a devil, clothing is a god (cover).
Here "god" is expressed as Bur-Khan = Cover-Great = The Great
Cover (Burkha-n). The sky is the great blue cover. Also, the word
19

22. Hair-Khan (The Great Care, Higher Lord → S+high = Sky) is used
to describe “God”. See: Care.
52. Bury – Bul ♣ БУЛ. Also: Buri / Burikhu / Burekh ♣
БҮРЭХ = to cover (cover with dirt = bury), to coat.
53. Bye – Byertay / Bayartai (with-happiness, with-joy) ♣
БАЯРТАЙ / Bay ♣ БАЯ. Because of English influence “Bay =
Bye” become more popular among youth and Bye – is seen as a
more intimate word.
C
54. Call → Kall → Khel / Hel ♣ ХЭЛ = to tell, tongue,
language.
55. Cap → Hungarian: Kapu → Mongolian: Hav+hag /
Khavkhag ♣ ХАВХАГ = lid, to cover, cap.
20

23. 56. Capture – Havchuur ♣ ХАВЧУУР = claw, pincers.
Havchaar ♣ ХАВЧААР = fastener, hair clippers.
57. Care → Kair → Khair / Hair ♣ ХАЙР = love (in
general).
58. Case → Kais → Khais ♣ ХАЙС = box dividers, small
decorated fence, small water bottle. Khair-tsag ♣ ХАЙРЦАГ =
box, case.
59. Caution → Koshin → Khashi-r ♣ ХАШИР. Example:
Be cautious = Khashirla ♣ ХАШИРЛА.
60. Cent – Russian: Cena / Tsena = price. Mongolian: Cene /
Tsene ♣ ЦЭНЭ = price, cost, value, worth. Also: Tsene-g ♣
ЦЭНЭГ = energy, battery.
61. Chance – Shan / Shans ♣ ШАНС = some claim “Shan ♣
ШАН = reward” came from Chinese, and “Shans” came from
Russian.
62. Character – Charay / Tsarai ♣ ЦАРАЙ = face.
21

24. 63. Charm – Charmay / Charmaa ♣ ЧАРМАА = naked.
Charmay ♣ ЧАРМАЙ = make an effort, to strive. Chamin ♣
ЧАМИН = charming, fancy, original, precious...etc.
64. Cheek – Chikh / Chih ♣ ЧИХ = ear. See: Ear.
65. Cheer – Chiir ♣ ЧИЙР = having courage and endurance.
Cheerful – Chiirtei ♣ ЧИЙРТЭЙ = noisy, cheerful.
66. Chest – Cheej ♣ ЦЭЭЖ.
67. Chime (a melodious ringing sound, as produced by
striking a bell.) → Chimee ♣ ЧИМЭЭ = noise, sound. See: Cheek.
68. Child → Chaild → Chaal-d – Jaal ♣ ЖААЛ = child,
baby, young. Jaal khuu ♣ ЖААЛ ХҮҮ = Baby boy, young kid.
69. Chilling → Chihuun / Jihuun ♣ ЖИХҮҮН = cold
feeling, scary feeling.
70. Chin – old script: Sina / Shanaa ♣ ШАНАА = cheeks,
cheekbone – the area below the ear. See: Sin and Cheek.
22

25. 71. Clean → C+Lean → Elen → Ilen ♣ ИЛЭН = open,
honest, open minded, on display, visible. Also: C+Lean → (twist)
→ neaL → neelt-tey ♣ НЭЭЛТТЭЙ = open. Ilen dalangui ♣
ИЛЭН ДАЛАНГҮЙ = speak openly, speak honestly. See: Lean.
72. Clear → (C+learn?) → K+leer → Eler+k – Elerky /
ilerkhii ♣ Илэрхий = clearly, simple, visible, distinct...etc.
73. Club – Kholboo ♣ ХОЛБОО / Kolbo = union,
connection.
74. Cold – Khuld ♣ ХӨЛД = to get frozen. Hulduu ♣
ХӨЛДҮҮ = frozen.
75. Collapse → Calaps → Galab / Galav ♣ ГАЛАВ = The
end of the world.
76. Copy – Khubi / Hubi ♣ ХУВЬ (=a share) / Hubilbar ♣
ХУВИЛБАР = a version, a copy. See: Share.
77. Cossack → Khosog-ten / Khosogton ♣ ХӨСӨГТӨН =
cart-man, nomads who live in their cart-houses. See: House.
23

26. 78. Court → C+Ourt → Ord ♣ ОРД = Khaan`s court.
(Ancient Greek: χόρτος - khórtos = enclosed garden).
79. Cover → Russian: Crov / Krow = shelter, home, roof →
Mongolian: Corvo / Khorvoo ♣ ХОРВОО = earth, world. See:
Shore.
80. Crazy – (old script: Khirzeii) / Kherz-khii ♣ ХЭРЗХИЙ
= bad manner, antisocial manner. Herts-gii ♣ ХЭРЦГИЙ = savage,
brutal. (Suffix: “khii, khai, gii, gai” is used to created an adjective.
Used in Russian too: Vyso-kiy = tall. Ton-kiy = thin.)
81. Crest – Kereest / Hereest ♣ ХЭРЭЭСТ = with crosses,
square stitch. Christianity = Hereestiin shashin ♣ ХЭРЭЭСТИЙН
ШАШИН = religion of crest. Christianity – Erkhuud ♣
ЭРХҮҮД = (religion of) rights, Christianity. See: Islam.
82. Cry → C+Ry →(twist)→ yR → Yrikh / Yarikh ♣ ЯРИХ
= to speak, to talk. See: Speech.
24

27. 83. Culture → C+ulture → Uldur / Uulduur / Uulder ♣
ҮҮЛДЭР = breed, strain, species (animal diversity)...etc. (Not
spoken on plants).
84. Cut → Kut → Khutga / Hutga ♣ ХУТГА = a knife. Also:
Cut → (twist) → tuC → Tas / Tas-dakh ♣ ТАСДАХ, Tas-lakh ♣
ТАСЛАХ.
D
85. Dad (dads) – Deedes ♣ ДЭЭДЭС = ancestors, elders,
rulers (always in the plural).
86. Dam – Dam ♣ ДАМ = blockade, obstacle.
87. Damp – Dampuu ♣ ДАМПУУ / Dampuur ♣
ДАМПУУР = go bad, go broke, bankruptcy. Mongolian: ustakh ♣
УСТАХ = watered, got wet or dissolve means to be destroyed,
decay. See: Dumb.
25

28. 88. Damage → (twist) → gemaDa → Gemetee-kh /
Gemteekh ♣ ГЭМТЭЭХ = to damage. Gemte-l ♣ ГЭМТЭЛ = a
damage, injury. (English: Dam+age? = (water-age) Damage.) See:
Himalaya.
89. Deal – Diil ♣ ДИЙЛ = to deal with, defeat, win over.
90. Dense – Denduu ♣ ДЭНДҮҮ = too much, dense,
extreme. Dens-maa (female name) ♣ ДЭНСМАА = (weighing-
lady) the goddess of judgment. Some claim it comes from Tibetan.
See: Dance.
91. Diadem – Titem ♣ ТИТЭМ = crown. Maybe more close
to “Title”.
92. Die → Die-n → Dain ♣ ДАЙН = war.
93. Do – Doi / Dui ♣ ДҮЙ = crafting skill, (hand) accuracy,
developed ability, artistic.
26

29. 94. Dock → Dock-tmol → Tocktmol / Togtmol ♣
ТОГТМОЛ = stationary, stable. Also: Tocktool / Togtool ♣
ТОГТООЛ = stationary (water), (ruling, law, decree) document.
95. Door → Do or → Or ♣ ОР = come in, enter. Or-tsa ♣
ОРЦ = entrance, gateway. Ordoo! ♣ ОРДОО! = (rude way to say)
you may enter. Also: Door suukh ♣ ДООР СУУХ = sit lower, sit
near the door inside a Ger. See: Gate, Out.
96. Down – Dowon / Dovon ♣ ДОВОН = only used to say
“Up & Down” = Ovon dowon = bumpy or uneven (road) and Dow
dooshoo ♣ ДОВ ДООШОО = very low, most down. Not to
confuse with Town = Товон ♣ ТОВОН = raised up place, bulge.
Also, Door ♣ ДООР = under, down. See: Door.
97. Dream → Low German: Droom → (twist) → Mongolian:
moroD → Morood → Moroodol ♣ МӨРӨӨДӨЛ.
98. Dry – Darai-kh ♣ ДАРАЙХ = dried look – become stiff
or hard when dried by heat or cold. See: Heat.
27

30. 99. Dull – Dulii ♣ ДҮЛИЙ = deaf.
Dusty – Toost ♣ ТООСТ. Actually: Soot → (twist) → tooS ♣
ТOOS = dust.
E
100. Ear → Earu → Eruu ♣ ЭРҮҮ = jaw. (Earnings – relates
to jaw not ears). See: Jaw.
101. Early – eart / ert ♣ ЭРТ.
102. Eat – id ♣ ИД.
103. Ed (name means “wealth” and “fortune” - from Old
English “ead”) – Ed ♣ ЭД = goods, things. Ediin Tenger ♣
ЭДИЙН ТЭНГЭР = Sky god of material goods. Ed yums ♣ ЭД
ЮМС = items.
28

31. 104. Edge → Etge-ed ♣ ЭТГЭЭД = edge, side, direction.
Baruun etgeed ♣ БАРУУН ЭТГЭЭД = West, Western edge,
direction of West.
105. Elders – Elents ♣ ЭЛЭНЦ = (above-person) ancestors.
106. Elevate (raise or lift) → Ele-kh ♣ ЭЛЭХ = soar, fly up
(above).
107. End – End ♣ ЭНД / ЭНДЭХ = die in an accident,
miscarriage.
108. Era – Eran / Eren ♣ ЭРЭН = 100 years. Since people
tend to refuse to use this old word, the word Zuun ♣ ЗУУН =
number hundred – is added to make it easy to be remembered:
Eren zuun ♣ ЭРЭН ЗУУН = 100 years.
109. Erect – Ereg ♣ ЭРЭГ = (river, ocean...etc) shore, screw,
steep slope...etc. Ereg means something high and erected.
Erection – Erectey / Eregtei ♣ ЭРЭГТЭЙ = a man, male gender.
110. Exact – Egzect ♣ ЭГЗЭГТ = at a critical moment.
29

32. F
111. Face → Fays → Bays / Bays+akh ♣ БАЯСАХ = to
rejoice, to be happy. (Also Turkic: Bas = Russian: Bashka =
head – may be Face. Face shows the happiness).
112. Fair (festival) → Fayr → Bayr ♣ БАЯР (naadam) =
festival, celebration. Fair (beautiful) → Bayr-saikhan ♣
БАЯРСАЙХАН (name).
113. Fast → (Russian: Bist-ry) → old script: Bishi-guu →
Bushuu ♣ БУШУУ.
114. Fear → Feer → Beer→ (long “ee” sound → “ege”)
Beger → Beg-t-er → Begtre / Begtree ♣ БЭГТРЭЭ = fearful,
panicking. (Begeter is the twin yet opposite word of Bagatar →
Baatar = hero, warrior). See: Bucket.
30

33. 115. Feeling → Buryat: Belig → Bilig ♣ БИЛИГ = God`s
gift, feelings. Mostly used to say: Bilig ukhaan ♣ БИЛИГ
УХААН = wisdom, intelligence. Bilig oyun ♣ БИЛИГ
ОЮУН = mind, consciousness. Which are things inseparable
from feelings. (Belt → Beleg ♣ БЭЛЭГ = gift, present = it is
said, decorated leather belt was the main gift item for men, and
was used during prayers, now it was replaced by Khadag ♣
ХАДАГ = prayer scarf (in Tibetan Buddhism) – which is
useless in daily life) See: Zone.
116. Foil (fail) → Boil+uul → Boliul ♣ БОЛИУЛ = to cause
something to stop, cancel. Also: Boolikhoy ♣ БООЛЬХОЙ =
clumsy, failed (fool), spoiled kid.
117. Food → Old English: Foda → Boda / Budaa ♣ БУДАА
= food, rice.
118. Future → Russian: Budu-sh-she → Mongolian: Old
script: Butu-khu → Butekh ♣ БҮТЭХ = going to happen, to
31

34. be carried out successfully. Actually: Future → Fuchar →
F+Uchar ♣ УЧАР = destiny, future, meaning. Spoken: Ucharaa
olokh yumsan = I wish to find my future/destiny -stabilize my
life.
G
119. Gape → Gabe → Gaw ♣ ГАВ.
120. German → Irish: Gair (“neighbor”, literally “nearby”)
→ English: Ger-man (closely related man) → Mongolian: Ger ♣
ГЭР = home, yurt. (Mongol Ger traditionally must be covered by
white fabric or felt). Gerel ♣ ГЭРЭЛ = Light. (Ger-man sounds
like White-man or Light-man, No-ger = Neger / Nigger = Not
white, black).
121. Giggle → Gigle-zekh → Gegelzekh ♣ ГЭГЭЛЗЭХ =
mind tickling feelings: glimmer of hope or horror. Dictionaries
32

35. claim it is a mild discomfort feeling like blues. For example, you
want your hungry child to sleep, and you said “we will eat
tomorrow”, but child is not sleeping because of that, and keep
asking “is tomorrow arrived?” - the child's mind is “gigle-zsen” =
disturbed.
122. Gilt – Gilt-gar ♣ ГИЛТГАР = shiny. Also: Gyalt-gar ♣
ГЯЛТГАР = shiny. Galt ♣ ГАЛТ = fiery. Actually: Light → (twist)
→ giLth → Gilthgar ♣ ГИЛТГАР = shiny. See: Glad.
123. Girl – Gerel ♣ ГЭРЭЛ / Gereel ♣ ГЭРЭЭЛ = light. The
reason why we speculate that English “girl” may mean “light” is
because another word for girls “Gal” means “fire” in Mongolian.
Ger-gii (= home-light-shine) ♣ ГЭРГИЙ = wife. Furthermore, the
Mongolian word for girl is = Okhin / Ohin ♣ ОХИН. It comes
from Ohi ♣ ОХЬ = essence, alcohol content – distillation (content
which burns). And it seems related with Slavic (Russian) word for
fire = "Ogoni", especially to Czech: Ohen = fire.
33

36. 124. Glad – Gilay ♣ ГИЛАЯ / Gilalaa ♣ ГИЛАЛАА =
Thank you, I am happy. Also: Gyalalaa ♣ ГЯЛАЛАА.
125. Glare → Mongolian old script: Gulirahu → Gulru-kh ♣
ГӨЛРӨХ = stare. See: Stare.
126. Glint → Gilbaa / Gyalbaa ♣ ГЯЛБАА. Also: Gilas /
Gyals ♣ ГЯЛС.
127. Glossy – Golgor ♣ ГӨЛГӨР.
128. Go – Guu ♣ ГҮҮ / Gui ♣ ГҮЙ = run. (Suffix +gui =
+less, +finished, +gone, +don't have.) See: Do
129. God – All Good is God. See: Odin.
130. Goal – (old script: Gool) Gol ♣ ГОЛ = core, main,
important, river.
131. Gold → (Golodo) → Russian: Zoloto → Slavic: Z-lata
→ Mongolian: A-lata → Alta / Alt ♣ АЛТ. Also: Goldi ♣ ГОЛДЬ
= number 10 000 000, mythical two-headed bird: Jiv Jiv / Jiva Jiva
34

37. / Jiva Jivanka. Also: Goldmay / Guldmai ♣ ГУЛДМАЙ = golden
or silver bar. See: Gilt.
132. Gong – Gongin-okh ♣ ГОНГИНОХ = to whine, to cry,
to complain. Gongor ♣ ГОНГОР = a male name.
133. Good → g-Ood → Ood ♣ ӨӨД / ӨӨД-ТЭЙ. Also:
Goid ♣ ГОЙД = very good, superior, wonderful. Good / Goodokh
♣ ГООДОХ = decorate oneself with cosmetics, jewelry, and
fashionable clothing (here Fashion & Beauty = Good). Gud ♣ ГУД
= strong, fast.
134. Gore – Goroo ♣ ГОРОО = suffering, dry throat, karma,
cycle. Goroo amsakh ♣ ГОРОО АМСАХ = taste own blood,
suffer.
135. Groove – Gorbi / Gurvi ♣ ГУРВИ = cut, groove.
136. Gush – Goij / Goijikh ♣ ГОЙЖИХ = a liquid spilling
out. Gush and Rush both seem to speak about running water. Rus
35

38. → Urus / Ursakh (go down) ♣ УРСАХ = (any liquid) to run, to
spill, to flow...etc.
137. Guts → Gads → Geds / Gedes ♣ ГЭДЭС. Also: Gudar
♣ ГУДАР = eat it (rude word). Gut – Gutral ♣ ГУТРАЛ = having
no guts, feeling bad inside, feeling weak or miserable, sadness,
guilt, (goth).
H
138. Habitat – Havitad ♣ ХАВЬТАД = around it,
surroundings.
139. Hack – Hackla / Hagla / Hagal ♣ ХАГАЛ = shatter
something into pieces. Hugla / Hugal ♣ ХУГАЛ = to brake by
bending.
36

39. 140. Hades (the god of the dead and the king of the
underworld, in the ancient Greek religion) → ancient Greek: Aḯdēs
→ Mongolian: Aidas ♣ АЙДАС = Fear. See: Hate.
141. Hail – Hailal ♣ ХАЙЛАЛ = (old & ancient) poems, a
hymn of praise.
142. Half – Haltas ♣ ХАЛТАС.
143. Halt – Haalt ♣ ХААЛТ = blocked, gate. Haalt-tay ♣
ХААЛТТАЙ = closed.
144. Hand-cuff – Gav ♣ ГАВ = hand-cuff, chains.
145. Handling – Handlaga ♣ ХАНДЛАГА = attitude,
approach.
146. Handmaid → Handma-id → Handma ♣ ХАНДМАА
= Hell priestess. (a woman who is doing any service job may be
living in hell = Hal = suffering). Heaven priestess or female angels:
Agini / Dahini / Dagina ♣ ДАГИНА.
147. Handout – Handive ♣ ХАНДИВ = charity, donation.
37

40. 148. Happy → Hab-be? → Hav / Havtay ♣ ХАВТАЙ = be
strong, be cheerful, be satisfied, be happy. See: Have.
149. Hard → German: Hart → Mongolian: Hatuu ♣ ХАТУУ.
150. Harsh – Harsh ♣ ХАРШ - blackish, unsuitable, deadly,
against, dislike. Harsh winter = Harsh uwul ♣ ХАРШ ӨВӨЛ.
151. Hate (hatred) → H+ate → Ataa ♣ АТАА. Ataa jotoo ♣
АТАА ЖӨТӨӨ = hatred. Ataa-rkh-akh ♣ АТААРХАХ = envy,
grudge. Ataa-tan ♣ АТААТАН = enemy, hated people.
152. Have → Haive / Khaiv ♣ ХАЙВ = someone who has a
lot of knowledge, “have”-person. Actually: H+ave → Aw ♣ АВ =
take. See: Save.
153. He → He-ne / He-n ♣ ХЭН = who?.
154. Hell → Hal ♣ ХАЛ = (be heated), misfortune, danger,
harm, misery, bad experiences...etc.
155. Head – Hiad ♣ ХИАД = In Mongolia, Genghis khan's
tribe Borjigin ♣ БОРЖИГИН is still the top tribe. In olden times,
38

41. the ruling elite or Genghis khan's descendants were called Hiad
Borjigin ♣ ХИАД БОРЖИГИН = Head Borjigin. Historians and
scholars may claim that Hiad means Khaan, leader, ruler, master,
special...etc. But we claim that Hiad = Head. See: Ahead.
156. Heal – Hiil ♣ ХИЙЛ = self-healing. See: Healthy.
157. Hell – Hal ♣ ХАЛ = suffering, bad experiences. Also:
O-hell / Uhel ♣ ҮХЭЛ = Death. See: Time, Hour.
158. Help → H+Elp → Elbe → Elbekh ♣ ЭЛБЭХ = to help,
to aid, to assist.
159. Hey – Hooy ♣ ХӨӨЕ / Huuy ♣ ХҮҮЕ (rude Hey),
Hoshh ♣ ХӨШ (rudest Hey).
160. Hinge – (old script: Hinji) - Ginge / Ginj ♣ ГИНЖ =
chains.
161. Hold – Höl ♣ ХӨЛ = arm, front two legs of an animal –
according to Tuva language. According to modern Mongolian:
Höl / Hul = legs. Höls ♣ ХӨЛС = any sweat, salary. Hul+mas ♣
39

42. ХУЛМАС = armpit odor. Hul+gay ♣ ХУЛГАЙ = arm+trouble =
robbery, theft, stealing. At first glance "Hold" may have come from
Scandinavian: Hoger = Right, with logic: People usually use their
right hand to hold something. A weapon “Club” is related to “Clap,
Claw” = “front two arms”. In the introduction, we have claimed
that the word “Club” is “Holb / Holboo” in Mongolian. If “Clu+b
= Hol+b” – Clu, Cla, Khla, Hul, Hol are all one word with
meaning: “Hand, Arm, Claw...etc”.
162. Hole (hollow) – Hoolay / Hooloi ♣ ХООЛОЙ = throat,
tube, tunnel. Tsool ♣ ЦООЛ = make a hole.
163. Honk – Honh ♣ ХОНХ / Khonkh = a bell.
164. Honor → H+One-r → Uner ♣ ҮНЭР = (R = human)
value, smell (U-Ner = Great-Name). Hunny Uner ♣ ХҮНИЙ
ҮНЭР = Human smell, honor, morals. Honest → Unen-ch ♣
ҮНЭНЧ.
40

43. 165. Hooligan – Hulgana ♣ ХУЛГАНА = a mouse. Also:
Hulgai ♣ ХУЛГАЙ = theft, robbery, banditry...etc.
166. Horde – (old script: Ordu / Ortu) Ord ♣ ОРД = zodiac,
mansion, big tent, field (oil, gas, gold). See: Ore. Golden Horde =
Altan Ord ♣ АЛТАН ОРД = Altan Urag / Orog ♣ АЛТАН УРАГ /
ОРОГ = Golden blood-line, Genghis khan's family, Royal blood.
(“Ord / Orog / Urag” is related with Russian: Rod = family, clan,
kind, gender, type...etc.)
167. Horror – Hor-or (poison-enter) ♣ ХОР ОРОХ = (evil
eye) get poisoned. Horon ♣ ХОРОН = Horrible, terrible.
168. Howl → How ♣ ХОВ = dog barking sound, woof.
169. Human – Humun ♣ ХҮМҮН = human, (Hu-yes). Old
Mongolian uses vowel harmonization a lot, Human → Humun.
(Read → Reed. Cargo → Carga...etc) But modern Mongolian don't
use vowel harmonization, thus “Cargo” stays “Cargo”.
170. Hurray – Hurray / Hurai ♣ ХУРАЙ.
41

44. 171. Hurry! – Hurdal! ♣ ХУРДАЛ! Actually: Hurry →
(twist) → yrruH → Old script: Yaаrhu / Yagarakhu → Yarakh ♣
ЯАРАХ = to be in a hurry.
172. Hurt – Hurt / Hur ♣ ХҮР = touch, reach. Gar hure-kh ♣
ГАР ХҮРЭХ = lay hands, beat, rape. (Russian: Ruka = arm, hand
→ (twist) → kuRa → Mongolian: Khure / Hure-kh = touch,
reach). Actually: Hurt → H+Urt → Urt-kh / Ortokh ♣ ӨРТӨХ =
hurt, get an injury.
173. Hut (a small, simple, single-store house or shelter) – Hot
♣ ХОТ = city, permanent shelter for livestock. Hot ail ♣ ХОТ
АЙЛ = camp of gers, family living in their permanent settlement
or ger camps with few permanent buildings. Ulaanbaatar hot ♣
УЛААНБААТАР ХОТ = city Ulanbator. Related?: Russian: Scot
♣ СКОТ = livestock, cattle. Cottage = a small simple house. (City
→ Coty → Cot → Hot).
42

45. I
174. ill → illy – ilii ♣ ИЛИЙ = mentally ill, s+illy. illar /
ilaari ♣ ИЛААРЬ / yalaar - not ill, not sick, healthy. iliy balay ♣
ИЛИЙ БАЛАЙ = Crazy & blind, silly. iljirsen ♣ ИЛЖИРСЭН =
smelly, rotten. See: Pillage.
175. Insane → Un-sane → Sanaa setgel-gui ♣ САНАА
СЭТГЭЛГҮЙ = cruel (evil & stupid), careless, mind-less...etc.
Sanaa-nd-gui ♣ САНААНДГҮЙ = not thinking, unintentionally,
accidentally do something wrong..etc.
176. It – Yakutian: iti ♣ ИТИ. Russian: Eto ♣ ЭТО.
Mongolian: En / Ene ♣ ЭНЭ. Ed ♣ ЭД = these.
177. Ivory – Iver / Ever ♣ ЭВЭР = horn.
43

46. J
178. Jaw – Jaw-ji / Zavij ♣ ЗАВЬЖ – two inner walls of a
mouth. Also: Jaw → Jaa → Zuu ♣ ЗУУ = bite, Zuukh ♣ ЗУУХ =
to bite.
179. Joke → Joge → shog ♣ ШОГ = funny, joke (loser). See:
Heck, shock.
180. Jogging → (Jog = alteration of shog) → Shog-shi-kh ♣
ШОГШИХ = to alternate jogging and walking.
181. Joy – Goy ♣ ГОЁ = beautiful, nice, awesome, cool...etc.
Actually: Joy → Jo-ga → Zoga / Zugaa ♣ ЗУГАА = any
entertainment, happiness, joy. Related: Join → Jo-in → Jo-chil →
Zochil ♣ ЗОЧИЛ = visit. Zochi-n ♣ ЗОЧИН = visiter.
182. Juice – Juus / Shuus ♣ ШҮҮС = extract.
44

47. 183. Junk → Junk-ag → Zungag ♣ ЗУНГАГ = soft shit,
liquid shit of a newborn.
184. Just – Yost ♣ ЁСТ / Yostoi ♣ ЁСТОЙ = righteous,
someone who follows traditions & customs.
K
185. King – Kiin / Khan / Khaan ♣ ХААН = ruler. Old
script: (aa → aga) Khagan.
45

48. Picture: Not so fun fact – Kobak did not return.
186. Kobak (Fictional character, a Mongol prince from: The
New Adventures Of Robin Hood, S01E01, Rage Of The Mongols,
1997) – Old Script: Hobiyakhu → Kobiaku / Huvaakh ♣
ХУВААХ = to divide, to carve, to share-out. Indeed, the one who
carves, divides, and shares the land & loot is a CONQUEROR =
KOBAK-ch / huvaagch.
46

49. 187. Know → Knew → Kene-g / Kheneg ♣ ХЭНЭГ = care,
cautious, aware, self-aware, self-knowing...etc. Kheneg-gui ♣
ХЭНЭГГҮЙ = care-less, not-knowing, incautious...etc.
L
188. Lack → (twist) → kcaL → kachaaL → Gachaal ♣
ГАЧААЛ = scarcity, lack.
189. Label – Laval ♣ ЛАВАЛ / Lavla-kh ♣ ЛАВЛАХ =
ask, clarify, inquire, handbook...etc.
47

50. 190. Labour → Alaba / Alba ♣ АЛБА = job, service, (state)
forced job, tax, obligation...etc. (Also: Ala / Al ♣ АЛ = female sex
organ. Labour = childbirth, delivery).
191. Lame – Laydaa ♣ ЛАЙДАА = not good at walking,
moving and even working. Related See: Calm, Slay.
192. Lasso → alaso → oloso → olos ♣ ОЛОС = a rope.
193. Lava – Lav / Lava ♣ ЛАВ = candle wax.
194. Lazy – Lazan ♣ ЛАЗАН = people who do not finish
their job in time, things be in a dirty state or ruins. Lazy → (twist:
L & Z) → Zaly → Zal+khuu ♣ ЗАЛХУУ. Also: Lensii / Lency ♣
ЛЭНСИЙ = very small trade (like selling a single potato to poor).
This became more towards “being lazy or selling less because of
lazy interaction with customers” → “lazy interaction with
customers”.
48

51. 195. Lie → Lie +war → Luiwar ♣ ЛУЙВАР = lie, deceit,
cheat...etc. Most use “lie” is “Hudal ♣ ХУДАЛ”. Hudaldaa ♣
ХУДАЛ-ДАА = a trade.
196. Lock of hair → Russian: lockony → (twist) →
Mongolian: Kocol / Khokhol ♣ ХӨХӨЛ. Also: Lock → see Luck.
197. Loiter – Loitson ♣ ЛОЙЦОН = lazy, a person who does
nothing.
198. Loom → Luum → Ulum-gi / Ulemj ♣ ҮЛЭМЖ =
great, grand, giant like, very big...etc. See: Room.
199. Low → Low-ish → Lowsh ♣ ЛОВШ = (person) no-use,
useless, garbage, bastard. (Also: Low / Lowon ♣ ЛОВОН =
Buddhist prayer master or organizer lama, prior lama). See: No.
200. Luck – Lag ♣ ЛАГ = better, great, awesome. Actually:
German: Gluck. Dutch: Geluk → (twist) → Khuleg ♣ ХҮЛЭГ = a
horse, a ride, lock. Good Luck is symbolized as a horse (carrying
49

52. Buddhist teachings) on Khii-mori flags = good luck prayer banners
in Mongolia.
Picture: Luck - etymology provided by Oxford Languages.
M
50

53. 201. Machination – Russian: Makhinatsiiya ♣
МАХИНАЦИЯ = fraud, manipulation, scheme. Mongolian:
Mechi / Mekh ♣ МЭХ = trick, scheme, fraud, tactic...etc.
202. Mad – Maid ♣ МАЙД = panic, confusion. Usually go
with the word Suid ♣ СҮЙД = devastation, destruction. Suid maid
♣ СҮЙД МАЙД = madness, panic, chaos...etc.
203. Malicious – Mal / Malan ♣ МАЛАН = stupid, idiotic,
brute, unruly.
204. Man – Manus / Man ♣ МАН = us, our.
205. Manager – Managch ♣ МАНАГЧ = guardian.
Manukhay ♣ МАНУУХАЙ = scarecrow, (monument).
206. Manly – Manlay ♣ МАНЛАЙ = leader. Manlay Baatar
♣ МАНЛАЙ БААТАР = the top general, the leader of a campaign.
207. Maraude → (twist) → derauMa → Deerem-dekh ♣
ДЭЭРЭМДЭХ. See: Raid.
51

54. 208. Mare (female horse) – Korean: Mari = a horse.
Manchu/Mongolian: Mori ♣ МОРЬ = a horse. (Italian: Mare =
Sea. Russian: More = Sea).
209. Master → Mast → only used to say Hor-mast ♣
ХОРМАСТ = World-master, creator god, master of heavens. See:
World.
210. Me – Ma-ni ♣ МАНЬ.
211. Media – Medee ♣ МЭДЭЭ = news, message, word,
sensation, consciousness...etc. Russian: Metka = markings, scratch.
Mongolian: Medekh ♣ МЭДЭХ = to know. -twisted: See: Stamp.
212. Mend – Mend ♣ МЭНД = safe, alive. See: Tend.
213. Merit – Meriilt ♣ МЭРИЙЛТ = effort, striving.
214. Might – Magad ♣ МАГАД.
215. Milk → Milakh → Myalaakh ♣ МЯЛААХ = to
sprinkle MILK as part of religious blessings.
52

55. 216. Mine – Mine ♣ МИНЬ / Minii ♣ МИНИЙ.
217. Modern → Mod ♣ МӨД = presently, soon, right away,
immediately...etc. Also: Odoo modoo ♣ ОДОО МОДОО = now
now.
218. Mock – Mock-ok / Mokhookh ♣ МОХООХ = to
discourage.
219. Mom – Moom ♣ МӨӨМ = breasts, boobs.
220. Money – Mongo ♣ МӨНГӨ = money, silver.
53

56. Picture: Mongolian 10 dollars (1921). Dollar → spoken:
Dooliur ♣ ДООЛИУР. (Russian: Dolya = share, proportion)
221. Monkey – (Mon-kid)→ Monid ♣ МОНИД = baby
monkey.
222. Moo – Moor ♣ МӨӨР / Moorokh ♣ МӨӨРӨХ = cow`s
call, to low.
223. Moral – Maraal ♣ МАРААЛ = mentality. A shorter
version “Maral” is also used.
224. Much – Mash ♣ МАШ = a lot, greater, very.
225. Mucky – muukh-y / muukhai ♣ МУУХАЙ = ugly,
dirty, yucky.
226. Mushy (emotional) – Mushii ♣ МУШИЙ / Mushiikh ♣
МУШИЙХ = show all kinds of manner to achieve what one wants,
twist things and deny wrongdoings, eye-rolling.
54

57. N
227. Nag → Neg-khuu → Nekhuu ♣ НЭХҮҮ = demanding.
Nekh-kh / Nekhekh ♣ НЭХЭХ = to demand, to pursue.
228. Naive – Naidamtgay ♣ НАЙДАМТГАЙ. Naid /
Naidakh ♣ НАЙДАХ = to hope.
229. Narrow – Nar / Nariin ♣ НАРИЙН.
230. Night (no-light)→ German: Nacht → Russian: Noch →
(twist) → choN → Shono ♣ ШӨНӨ. Shono → S+Hono → Hono /
Hono-kh ♣ ХОНОХ = to spend a night. See: Snooze.
231. Nimble – old script: Nimbai / Nyambay ♣ НЯМБАЙ =
careful, organized, meticulously, precise...etc.
232. No → Nou → Nou-ish → Nowsh / Novsh ♣ НОВШ =
(thing & person) no-use, useless, garbage, bastard. Newsh ♣
НЭВШ = bad smell. See: Low.
55

58. 233. North → Noru / Nuruu ♣ НУРУУ = back side, spine.
234. Nose – Nus ♣ НУС = snivel, drivel. See: Hammer.
235. Note → Nota+l → Notol ♣ НОТОЛ = to proof.
Notolgoo ♣ НОТОЛГОО = a proof. (Notice → Nod → Nud ♣
НҮД = eye).
236. Num – Nam ♣ НАМ = low, quiet, unconscious,
Mongolian political party. Nam tsokhikh ♣ НАМ ЦОХИХ = beat
down until unconscious, knockdown.
237. Numb – Namb / Namba ♣ НАМБА = dignity, showing
class, (as manliness, womanhood). It also has a meaning “silent”,
very chatty person is not considered to be “Namba-tai” = humble
& educated.
O
56

59. 238. Obtain (to maintain) – Ob-lokh / Ovlokh ♣ ӨВЛӨХ =
to inherit, to obtain. Also: Old script: Ovtai ♣ ОВТАЙ / Ovtoy /
Ovtoi ♣ ОВТОЙ = knows how to get, crafty, having good
negotiating skills, can obtain...etc.
239. Odin (Norse god, all-father) – (God → g-Od → Od) -
Odiin Tenger ♣ ОДЫН ТЭНГЭР = Star`s Sky God, Tengri of
Good Luck / Odun Zayachi Tengri ♣ ОДОН ЗАЯАЧ ТЭНГЭР =
Star Fortune Sky God. Aziin Sokor Tengri Odun Khan ♣ АЗЫН
СОХОР ТЭНГЭР ОДУН ХААН = The Blind God of Fortune
Odin King, God of chance, possibilities, imagination and dream
(realm). See: Good.
240. On – On ♣ ОН = year, date. Example: year 1984 = 1984
on.
241. One → Latin: ūnus → Mongolian: Une ♣ ҮНЭ = value,
price. See: Honor, Nike.
57

60. 242. Option → Obshen – Objin ♣ ОВЖИН = better (idea),
knowing (early), crafty, resourceful, deceitful, cunning, with many
skills & plans.
243. Or – Öör ♣ ӨӨР = other, another, else. Also oron /
orond ♣ ОРОНД = instead of. See: our.
244. Ordinary → i-Ordin →Yordiin / Yerdiin ♣ ЕРДИЙН.
245. Oral – Oril / Orilo-kh ♣ ОРИЛОХ = to yell, to scream,
to cry.
246. Ore – Ord ♣ ОРД = mines. Also: Ore+hay →(O=U)→
Uur+hay (Ore+search) ♣ УУР-ХАЙ = mines. (Uriankhai ♣
УРИАН-ХАЙ – Tuva people may be = Miners).
247. Origin – (Old script: Orosil) Orshil ♣ ОРШИЛ =
origin, background, foreword. Orchin ♣ ОРЧИН = environment,
place of origin. Origil / Orgil ♣ ОРГИЛ = water source, water
gush, snowy mountain top.
58

61. 248. Our – Oor / Oor-un / Oor-iin ♣ ӨӨР-ИЙН = our, mine.
"Our and Other" are the same word "Oor ♣ ӨӨР” in Mongolian.
Also: Oir ♣ ОЙР = close, near.
249. Over → Ow / Ov ♣ ӨВ = past (time), history. Ov-
gorson ♣ ӨВГӨРСӨН = became old. On-gorson ♣ ОНГОРСОН
= (years) passed, over. See: Took.
250. Owe – Ow / Ov ♣ ӨВ = inheritance, family wealth.
Ovug ♣ ОВОГ = surname, tribe. See: Of.
59

62. P
251. Pack → Bag ♣ БАГ = team, group.
252. Package → Bagtsa / Bagts ♣ БАГЦ.
253. Palace – Old script: Balagasu / Balgas ♣ БАЛГАС =
palace, fortified city. Khagan Balagasun (King Palace) ♣ ХААН
БАЛГАС = Old Mongolian name for Beijing city when it was the
capital of Yeke Dayan Ulus = Great Total (for all people) Empire =
Chinese term: Yuan Dynasty. Since all palaces (places) in
Mongolia are in ruins, recently “Balgas” also means “Ruins”.
254. Papa → old script: Abuba (=Apupa) → Aaw ♣ ААВ.
255. Pitch (fire, kitchen) → Russian: Pechi = stove, fire.
Mongolian: Pichi+n → Pishin / Piishin ♣ ПИЙШИН = stove.
60

63. 256. Power → Paawar → Baawar / Baavar ♣ БААВАР =
chest piece of horse decoration made of animal hair, someone
strong + confident and brave. Baawaagay / Baavgay (= power-ful
one) ♣ БААВГАЙ = a bear.
257. Pride → Prayd → Barayd → Bard ♣ БАРД / Barda /
Bardakh ♣ БАРДАХ. Bardam zan ♣ БАРДАМ ЗАН = pride.
(Bard comes from Bar = Tiger.)
258. Pump – Bumba ♣ БУМБА = cupping glass, suction
cup. (Bump = Buldruu ♣ БУЛДРУУ = swelling lump, bump.
Q
259. Quarrel – Kheruul ♣ ХЭРҮҮЛ. Kheruul-iin alim ♣
ХЭРҮҮЛИЙН АЛИМ = Quarrel-apple, An apple of discord (is
the core, kernel, or crux of an argument, or a small matter that
could lead to a bigger dispute.)
61

64. 260. Quack → quack-lakh / guaglack ♣ ГУАГЛАХ.
261. Quick – Guikh ♣ ГҮЙХ = to run. See: Go.
R
262. Reach → (twist) → cheaR → Tsar ♣ ЦАР. Maybe: eR-
ach → Arach → Arach-aa / Archaa ♣ АРЧАА = to be clean, to be
somewhat well or rich, having ability, can reach or achieve. See:
Rich.
263. Raid → (twist)→ daiR → Dairakh ♣ ДАЙРАХ = to
attack, to raid.
264. Regard – French: Regarder = to look at. Mongolian:
Gar-ch / Ger-ch ♣ ГЭРЧ = witness, onlooker.
62

65. 265. Regular → Er-gula-r → Erguul ♣ ЭРГҮҮЛ = patrol,
ward (in sense touring regularly). Erguulekh ♣ ЭРГҮҮЛЭХ = to
rotate, to turn, to flip, to return, to twist, to groom, to flirt...etc.
266. Rich → R-ich → Er-ich → Erch ♣ ЭРЧ = energy,
power, inertia. Also: spicy, sharp, rich (taste). See: Reach.
267. Right → iRgHt – Erkh-t ♣ ЭРХТ = with rights. Furen /
Buren erkht ♣ БҮРЭН ЭРХТ = full rights.
268. Rim → iRime+g → Irmeg ♣ ИРМЭГ = edge, border,
brim.
269. Risk – Ers ♣ ЭРС / Ers-lekh ♣ ЭРСЛЭХ = to risk, mind
become straight. (Spoken: Ersekh = Risk). Ers-del ♣ ЭРСДЭЛ =
risk, danger, possible loses.
270. Roll – Oroo / Orookh ♣ ОРООХ = to roll, to scarf.
Oroolt ♣ ОРООЛТ = a scarf. Roll → (Troll) – Oroolon ♣
ОРООЛОН = trickster spirit, a type of devil. Most people think
“oroolon” is a werewolf (Hun chono ♣ ХҮН ЧОНО = human-
63

66. wolf) or even a vampire (Tsus sorogch ♣ ЦУС СОРОГЧ =
Bloodsucker). It is believed that Oroolons (Rollens) are generally
tall so the word Bosoo = standing, (bossing) is added. Bosoo
Oroolon ♣ БОСОО ОРООЛОН = Troll. The recent meaning of the
word Troll: a person who makes a deliberately offensive or
provocative online post - makes us assume that Troll = Mongolian
Oroolon.
271. Room – Öröö / Öröön ♣ ӨРӨӨ. Orom-ji ♣ ОРОМЖ =
shelter, sanctuary, city Urumqi, room. See: Jaw.
272. Root → uRuut → Uruud / Uruudakh ♣ УРУУДАХ =
to go down, to climb down. Also: Root → twist → tooR → Door ♣
ДООР = down, below, lower...etc. Root (family) → Russian: Rod
= family bloodline. → Mongolian: (Rod → twisted → Dor → Tor)
Tor-son ♣ ТӨРСӨН = full blood, own.
273. Rub – old script: Uru - Urukhu / Urekh ♣ ҮРЭХ.
Rubble – Russian: Ruble ♣ РУБЛЬ = Russian currency, comes
64

67. from Rubit ♣ РУБИТЬ = to chop, cut into pieces. (Indian: Rupi).
Mongolian: Uurekh ♣ ҮҮРЭХ (ҮЙРЭХ) = crumble into small
pieces.
274. Rule → Urule → Urule-g / Urleg / Urlug ♣ ӨРЛӨГ =
Speeches and decrees of high officials, dignitaries, and lords, Ruler
= Uruleg = highest military rank in Mongol Empire. According to
Mongol tradition there were Nine Urleg = Nine Ruler positions.
(Russian: Rule = steering wheel = Mongolian: Uruul).
275. Rush – Urus / Örös ♣ ӨРӨС = make first move,
compete, risk, try to be first, rush...etc. Örsökh ♣ ӨРСӨХ. (Oros ♣
ОРОС = Rossian / Russian).
65

68. S
276. Sack – Saks / Sags ♣ САГС = basket, any bag.
277. Sad – Sadaa / Saad / Saad-tay ♣ САДАА = trouble,
difficulty, obstacle. (Also: Turkic: Sad = to sell. Mongolian: Sadar
♣ САДАР = to sell one's body, prostitution, adultery). Actually:
Sad → S+ad → Russian: Ad = Hell. Mongolian: Ad-giin ♣
АДГИЙН = Hellish, worst, bottom. See: Hades.
278. Saddle – Suudal ♣ СУУДАЛ = a seat. (Mongolian for
horse saddle is Emeel ♣ ЭМЭЭЛ).
279. Safe – Sava / Sav ♣ САВ = box, container. Savla /
Savlakh ♣ САВЛАХ = to package, to case. See: Save.
280. Sail – Sele / Selekh ♣ СЭЛЭХ = to swim. Sal ♣ САЛ =
raft, sailboard.
66

69. 281. Saliva – Salia ♣ САЛИА = milky saliva or vomit of a
suckling baby, any sticky substance.
282. Sane – Sana setgel ♣ САНАА СЭТГЭЛ = (memory &
mind) soul, spirit, feeling...etc. See: Insane. Also: Sain ♣ САЙН =
good, healthy. I am okay or I am doing well = Bi sain baigaa ♣ БИ
САЙН БАЙГАА. See: Nice. Maybe: Sane → S+ane → Anu ♣
АНУ / Anucan ♣ АНУХАН = young and healthy. See: Good. Say.
283. Sated – Tsada-kh ♣ ЦАДАХ.
284. Say → Say+nu → Sainuu ♣ САЙНУУ = Hello.
Actually: Say → S+ay → Ay+ldakh ♣ АЙЛДАХ. Ai / Ay ♣ АЙ /
АЯ = god of fear, sound, music.
Picture: Say hello! = Say-nu gej hel!
67

70. 285. Save → S+ave → Ave-rakh / Avarakh / Avrakh ♣
АВРАХ = to save, to rescue.
286. School → S+chool → Chuul-ga ♣ ЧУУЛГА = meeting,
gathering, re-union, group, (musical) band...etc. Also: S+c+Huul
→ Khuul-i ♣ ХУУЛЬ = law. Sur-khuuli (Law-learn) → Sur-guuli
♣ СУРГУУЛЬ = school.
287. Sear (burn or scorch the surface of (something) with a
sudden, intense heat.) – Sharakh ♣ ШАРАХ = fry, scorch, roast,
cook...etc.
288. Seal → Seal-ber → Siilber ♣ СИЙЛБЭР = print,
carving, engraving, wood carving art. Also: Siil-ekh ♣ СИЙЛЭХ
= to carve, to inscribe, to imagine.
289. See → Russian: Uzreti = to see, to behold → Mongolian:
Uzee = see it, look at it. If long “ee” → “egee”, See → Segee →
Shagaa / Shagai-kh ♣ ШАГАЙХ = to peek, to aim, to look out.
See: Stare.
68

71. 290. Seize → S+eize → Eize-l / Ezel ♣ ЭЗЭЛ = occupy, take
control, conquer. Ezlekh ♣ ЭЗЛЭХ = to occupy, to conquer...etc.
See: Size.
291. Sense – Senkhee ♣ СЭНХЭЭ = mental strength.
Senkhrekh ♣ СЭНХРЭХ = come to senses (get well), understand,
lose one's ignorance. Actually: Sons ♣ СОНС = hear me out, try to
understand, sense me. See: Sick.
292. Serve → S+erve → Ervy / Erviik ♣ ЭРВИЙХ = to
wriggle, bend one's back. Erviikh Terviikh / Derviikh ♣ ЭРВИЙХ
Т-ЭРВИЙХ = work very hard, slave, use all means.
293. Set – Setgekh ♣ (нүх, газар) СЭТГЭХ = dig (a hole),
dig through. Also: to think, to imagine.
294. Shack – Shackhuu / Shahuu ♣ ШАХУУ = a place with
tight space. Also: limited time.
69

72. 295. Shade – Shadar ♣ ШАДАР = close follower, minion,
right-hand man. Suuder ♣ СҮҮДЭР = shadow, husband (Russian:
Sudari ♣ СУДАРЬ = sir).
296. Shambles – Shambaarsan ♣ ШАМБААРСАН =
overcrowded.
297. Shape → S+Hape → Khebe / Khev ♣ ХЭВ = mold,
shape, pattern. See: Heaven, Happy.
298. Share → S+Hare → Hare-lakh → Hairlakh ♣
ХАЙРЛАХ = to give (by Lord, Khan, God), to grant.
299. Shield → Shield-geen → Shiltgeen ♣ ШИЛТГЭЭН =
fortifications, castle, keep. See: Keep.
300. Shiny – Shine ♣ ШИНЭ = new.
301. Shiver – Shiver / Shiver boroo ♣ ШИВЭР БОРОО =
rain with tiny drops.
302. Shore – Shoroo ♣ ШОРОО / Shoroy ♣ ШОРОЙ =
earth, dirt. (English seems to recycle this word into “Shore →
70

73. Sure”. This also happens to Mongolian: See: Sure). Also: S+Hore
→ Hores → Hors ♣ ХӨРС = (black & fertile) soil.
303. Short (not tall) – Shodon ♣ ШОДОН = not tall.
Russian: Chort / Cheyort ♣ ЧЁРТ = devil. Notion: Short is like
“closer to the ground”. See: Shore, Short.
304. Shout – Shou-gekh / Shoogikh / Shuugikh ♣
ШУУГИХ = make noises, noises from bustle and hustle.
305. Shovel – Shovgor ♣ ШОВГОР = pointy, shovel or
arrow shaped. Shuvtan ♣ ШУВТАН = sth. with a narrow lower
part and wide upper part (shovel`s lower part is narrow). Related:
Shoroo ♣ ШОРОО = ground, earth, dirt.
306. Shrink – Shir-gekh ♣ ШИРГЭХ = dry up, shrink by
losing it`s water, evaporate.
307. Sign → (twist G & N) → Sing → Shinge ♣ ШИНЖ.
Related: De-sign → (twist G & N) = De-singe → Daashinz ♣
71

74. ДААШИНЗ = any Western style female dress. (fairly modern
word, but enough time has passed to claim as local word).
308. Sing – Tseng / Tsengekh ♣ ЦЭНГЭХ = (to have) fun,
pleasure.
309. Sit → Russian: Sideti → Mongolian: Old script: Sikhu
→ Suukh ♣ СУУХ.
310. Size → S+ize → ize+lky-un → ezelkhuun ♣
ЭЗЭЛХҮҮН = volume, size.
311. Slay → S+Lay (twist) → yaL / Yal-akh ♣ ЯЛАХ = win,
defeat, slay. Related: Yal twisted → laY → Lai ♣ ЛАЙ = bad
result, bad outcome even if you won = suffering, misfortune,
burden – which tend to grow in time.
312. Smart → German: Schmerzen → Sch+merzen →
Mongolian: Mergen ♣ МЭРГЭН.
313. Smile → S+mile → Russian: S-meshnoy = funny.
Mongolian: misheel ♣ МИШЭЭЛ = smile.
72

75. 314. Snooze → S+nooze → Nozoo → Nozoorokh ♣
НОЗООРОХ = feel sleepy because of cold or heat.
315. Solar → Sol+gar (Sun come out side) → Solgay →
Solgoy ♣ СОЛГОЙ = East, left-arm. Sol-ongo ♣ СОЛОНГО =
(Sun-color) Rainbow.
316. Sole → S+ole → (O=U) → Ule → (E=A) → Ula / Ul ♣
УЛ. See: Step.
317. Solid (solo)→ Old script: Tsolo → Tsula / Tsul ♣ ЦУЛ.
318. Sorrow → S+orrow → Orrow-dokh / Orowdokh ♣
ӨРӨВДӨХ = to pity, to feel for, show mercy...etc. See: Sorry.
319. Sorry → +S+orry → Orry+sho → Orshoo ♣ ӨРШӨӨ.
Mostly said: Orshoo-gооrey ♣ ӨРШӨӨГӨӨРЭЙ.
320. Sortie (an attack made by troops coming out from a
position of defense.) – Sortoikh ♣ СОРТОЙХ = come out to hear
and observe one's surroundings – an animal comes out from its
hiding place and is being watchful, picks up ears, also "sneak
73

76. peek", an opportunity to see or experience something before it is
officially presented or released to the public.
321. Stable → I. Stable → Stay+able → S+tay+baina →
Tay-ban → Taiwan ♣ ТАЙВАН = peaceful, stable, calm. II. If
from word “Table” English creates “S-table”. Mongolian: S+table
→ Tabla → Tavlag ♣ ТАВЛАГ = comfortable, homely, stable.
Also: Tav-tay ♣ ТАВ-ТАЙ = Stable. I (In Russian; “S+” means
with. In Mongolian; “+tay” means with.)
322. Stage → S+Taige → Taige → Taiz ♣ ТАЙЗ.
323. Stamp → S+tam+p → Tam+ga ♣ ТАМГА. See: Seal.
324. Stay → Satai → Saata → Saata-kh ♣ СААТАХ = to
stay, to pause, to delay...etc. Saatan moril ♣ СААТАН МОРИЛ =
Stay & Welcome.
325. Step → S+Tep → (P = B, E = A) → Tab-kh → Tab-
khay ♣ ТАВХАЙ = sole, foot.
74

77. 326. Stock → S+Tock → Tock-oorock / Tokhoorokh ♣
ТӨХӨӨРӨХ = harvest & prepare resources.
327. Stress → S+Tress → Terees → Taraas / Daraas →
Daraas Daramt ♣ ДАРААС ДАРАМТ = stress stress, stress &
pressure. See: Tired.
328. Sue → Latin: Sequi = follow → Mongolian old script:
Segul / Sehul → Suul ♣ СҮҮЛ = tail, ending, follower. Suul
moshgokh ♣ СҮҮЛ МӨШГӨХ = pursue (follow behind). Also:
Shuu ♣ ШҮҮ / Shuukh ♣ ШҮҮХ = judge, extract. See: juice,
seek.
329. Suitable – Suit ♣ СҮЙТ. Suit zaluu ♣ СҮЙТ ЗАЛУУ =
suitable young man, groom. Suit busgui ♣ СҮЙТ БҮСГҮЙ =
suitable miss, bride.
330. Sun ping – San ping ♣ САНПИН = Endless knot on
Mongolian hats. These knots symbolize the sun. And it seems it
has an English name – Sun ping = Sun button. To make it close to
75

78. the Sanskrit word Samsara – Sam-ping is mainly used. In
Mongolian Samsara is Sansara ♣ САНСАР means cosmos, space.
San+Sara = Sun+Moon. (not mess with Samping) See: Sum.
331. Super → S+Uber (German: Uber)→ Uber-muts →
Uwurmuts ♣ ӨВӨРМӨЦ = special, unique, unusual,
extraordinaire.
332. Sure → (Shuur) → Suuri-tay (with base) ♣
СУУРЬТАЙ = serious, firm, reliable. Here English seems to have
recycled “Shore” into “Sure (Sho͝or)”.
333. Survey – Sur / Surakh ♣ to ask, to search, to study, to
learn. Surval-j ♣ СУРВАЛЖ = source, origin. Survalj-laga ♣
СУРВАЛЖЛАГА = interview, news reporting. Survalj-tan ♣
СУРВАЛЖТАН = nobility (owns and surveys the land).
76

79. T
334. Table – Tavilga ♣ ТАВИЛГА = furniture. See: Stable.
335. Tank (metal water container) – Dankh / Danh ♣ ДАНХ
= tea pot.
336. Talk → Russian: Tolkovati = explain → Mongolian:
Tolgo-i ♣ ТОЛГОЙ = head, leader. See: Hiad.
337. Tear → Tear-akh → Tairakh ♣ ТАЙРАХ = to cup, to
trim, to shear. Also: Dair-akh ♣ ДАЙРАХ = to attack, to assault, to
tear.
338. Teleport → Tele-ga = a rough four-wheeled cart used in
Russia. Teeleg ♣ ТЭЭЛЭГ = Cargo, Carrying goods, Transport
method. (Tiele / Tele (Chinese: 特 勒 ), also named Gaoche or
Gaoju (Chinese: 高車, "High Carts"), a tribal confederation living
to the north of China proper and in Central Asia, emerging after the
77

80. disintegration of the confederacy of the Xiongnu (3rd century BC –
1st century AD). The Tele were subjugated by the Rouran
Khaganate (330 AD – 555 AD) – Proto-Mongols.).
339. Tie – Tie-lakh / Taylah ♣ ТАЙЛАХ = untie, undress.
Also: Tie-lag / Tay-lag / Tailag ♣ ТАЙЛАГ = worship, ritual,
create connection (with friends, gods & spirits).
340. Tire → Tire+g → Teereg / Tereg ♣ ТЭРЭГ = cart,
(wheels) (Teekh ♣ ТЭЭХ = to take, to carry, to transport).
341. Tired – Teer-tey ♣ ТЭЭРТЭЙ = annoying, bothersome,
mentally tired. Actually: Tire → Tyra → yTra-kh / Yadrakh ♣
ЯДРАХ. Tired → Yadraad ♣ ЯДРААД.
342. Today → To day → oTo → Odoo ♣ ОДОО = now. See:
Now.
343. Toll – Tollog / Toollog ♣ ТООЛЛОГ = counting, census.
(Maybe close to: Dol ♣ ДОЛ = Doom, suffering, hell. Name:
Dolmaa = hell goddess).
78

81. 344. Tomorrow → To morrow → German: Morgen →
Mongolian: Margaa-sh ♣ МАРГААШ.
345. Torture → Torcher (tôrCHər) → Tarch-laa ♣
ТАРЧЛАА / Tarch-laakh. Tarchig ♣ ТАРЧИГ = miserable, live
poorly. Also: Torgokh ♣ ТОРГОХ = to fine, to penalize. See: Vile.
346. Toss – Toss / Tos ♣ ТОС = capture (what was tossed),
hold. Also: Shed → Shide / Shidekh ♣ ШИДЭХ = to throw.
347. Tour – Toir ♣ ТОЙР = travel in a circle, revisit, to tour.
Toiron aylal ♣ ТОЙРОН АЯЛАЛ = tour travel.
348. Tower – Towgor ♣ ТОВГОР / Towgar = bulging,
elevated...etc. (Russian: Bashnya ♣ БАШНЯ = tower. Mongolian:
Baishin ♣ БАЙШИН = a building). Also: Towch ♣ ТОВЧ =
button. See: Town.
349. Try → Try-ish → Tyrish → Tursh ♣ ТУРШ.
79

82. U
350. Under – Undes ♣ ҮНДЭС = roots.
351. Up – Ov ♣ ОВ. Old script: Ov-ug (up-root, upper-origin)
♣ ОВУГ / Ovog ♣ ОВОГ = race, tribe, clan, surname. Ovoo ♣
ОВОО = pile, stone piles marking holy or dangerous places, better,
good. See: Down, Of.
352. Urn – Uur ♣ УУР = pounder cup.
V
353. Vase – Vaar ♣ ВААР. Maybe closer to Jar. (Russian:
Vaza ♣ ВАЗА)
80

83. 354. Vile → Vail → Vaal ♣ ВААЛ = food mold, rot (when
food items rot and become odious). But the more used word is
Baliar ♣ БАЛИАР = disgusting. Also: Baal (the god who was
worshiped throughout Canaan and Phoenicia in ancient times) ♣
БААЛ = fine, penalize, extra tax.
355. Violence → Russian: Voi / Boi ♣ БОЙ = battle →
(Viol-doing) → Boil-dagaan / Baildaan ♣ БАЙЛДААН = a battle,
violence.
W
356. Wait → Baiz ♣ БАЙЗ.
357. Walk → w+alk → alkh / Alkhaa ♣ АЛХАА = walk,
march, step. See: Step.
358. We → Wi → Bi / Bi-d ♣ БИД. Ending "d" is used to
express plural. Russian: "me" is "mi ♣ МЫ = us”.
81

84. 359. Whole – (old script: Buhuli) / Buhel ♣ БҮХЭЛ =
whole – sounds more towards belt buckle. See: Buckle.
360. Wrong → Woroo-ng → Woroo / Buruu ♣ БУРУУ.
361. World → Wor → Wor-khan / Bor-Khan ♣ БУРХАН =
World-master, God, Universe-lord (also called Or-khan).
X x x (Nothing to see here)
Y
362. Yeah – Yee ♣ ЕЭ! = Oh no! - said when bad things
happen. Also: Ouch! = Oo ♣ Өө!
363. Yell → Yell-chin (Tell-person)→ Ell-chin / Elchin ♣
ЭЛЧИН = ambassador, messenger.
82

85. 364. Yes yes – Yag yag ♣ ЯГ ЯГ = exactly, correct. (close to
German: ya ya) Also: Yag zuw ♣ ЯГ ЗӨВ = Yes correct. Yag mun
♣ ЯГ МӨН = Yes it is, exactly. Also Russian: Yeshche ♣ ЕЩЕ =
more → Mongolian: Ushuu / Öshöö ♣ ӨШӨӨ = more, again, yes.
365. Yule (winter festival) –Zula / Zul sar ♣ ЗУЛ САР =
candle month, Yule. Probably the only European festival to have a
Mongolian name.
Z
366. Zone → Zoo ♣ ЗОО = raised (or low) long narrow land
area. Also: Zon ♣ ЗӨН → only used to say: Zone feeling → Zon
Bilig ♣ ЗӨН БИЛИГ = (knowing / feeling from distance & time)
= prophecy, foresight, oracle, clairvoyance...etc. Related: Zai /
Zain ♣ ЗАЙ = space, distance, safe time. See: Feeling.
83

86. 84

87. Above 365 was obvious ones, here are
some extra hair-raising, anger-
inducing, ridiculously speculative,
reputation destroying, accidentally
linked?, yet suspiciously close BONUS
words and names:
367. -th (suffix - forming ordinal and fractional numbers from
four onwards: fourth, fifth, sixth...etc.) → dh → Da+h / Dahi ♣
ДАХЬ = same as “-th” suffix. Four-th = duruv dahi ♣ ДӨРӨВ
ДАХЬ. Fif-th = Tav dahi ♣ ТАВ ДАХЬ...etc.
368. Ability → Aviyas ♣ АВЬЯАС = ability, (born) skill,
talent, capacity.
85

88. 369. Action → Agshin ♣ АГШИН = moment, time, second,
shrinkage. Agshin – is personal inner time, the reason why it
shrinks we all going towards death. See: Shrink.
370. Adela → Adelia → Adelya (Old German name means
“noble”) – Russian: Dalya ♣ ДАЛЯ = honest. Mongolian: Dalay /
Dalai ♣ ДАЛАЙ = Ocean, Oceanic. Originally Genghis Khan's
title, now given to Tibetan Yellow Sect Buddhist Leader = Dalai
Lama ♣ ДАЛАЙ ЛАМ = Ocean (wise) Lama. Opposite of “Dalai”
is “Gemlai” – See: Himalaya.
(Not to be mistaken with word Tele / Tele-g ♣ ТЭЭЛЭГ =
Teleporting / Transporting job, cart. Or it's twin word: Tala ♣ ТАЛ
= steppe, half, robbery. Kazakh: Dala ♣ ДАЛА = steppe.
Mongolians would not give title “Robber = Tala-ch / Dala-ch” to
Genghis Khan).
86

89. 371. Adore → (Latin: Ad-orare = to-worship) → Dora →
Dora-lal / Duralal ♣ ДУРЛАЛ = love. Also: Duraaraa ♣
ДУРААРАА = capricious, self-willed, freely, rude. See: Rude.
372. Amaze (Amazing) → a-maze → Maaz ♣ МААЗ =
funny (character), comic, flamboyant, boastful, swanky, arrogant.
Spoken: Maazgay ♣ МААЗГАЙ.
373. Animal – (Any-mal?) - Mal ♣ МАЛ = livestock. See:
Grow.
374. Argue → Arsaldakh ♣ АРСАЛДАХ. Also old script:
M+argu-khu → Margakh ♣ МАРГАХ. See: Ram.
375. Arrive → Irev ♣ ИРЭВ = arrived, came.
376. Attack → At Tackle → (twist) → ckelTa → Khalda /
Khaldakh ♣ ХАЛДАХ = attack, invasion, visit. Burkhan Khaldun
mountain ♣ БУРХАН ХАЛДУН УУЛ = God invasion (visit)
mountain. See: Raid, World.
87

90. 377. Away → (twist) → yaw-aa-ch ♣ ЯВААЧ = go away,
move!
378. Back (return) → (B-c-k → B-ts-kh) / Butsakh ♣
БУЦАХ = to return.
379. Bad (version 2) – Bat ♣ БАТ = good, strong, well made.
Mongolian for bad is Maguu / Muu ♣ МУУ.
380. Barely – Barag L ♣ БАРАГ Л = almost (reached, true,
evening) = not reached yet, hardly, very close...etc. Also: (Bare =
naked) Bureg Barag ♣ БҮРЭГ БАРАГ = shy.
381. Barley → (L is removed and B is replaced) →
Hungarian: Arpa → Mongolian: Arbay ♣ АРВАЙ.
382. Barred – Baaraa ♣ БААРАА = obstacles, burdens,
troubles, worries. (Maybe close to: War) Most used word: Bartaa ♣
БАРТАА = obstacles.
383. Basin → Russian: Bassein = pool → Mongolian: Usan
san ♣ УСАН САН = water pool.
88

91. 384. Beat → (twist) → teaB → Deab-se-kh / Devsekh ♣
ДЭВСЭХ = (beat using legs) kick, trample, hit a man when he's
down...etc.
385. Better – Battay ♣ БАТТАЙ = reliable, firm, strong.
Also: Batta-ga ♣ БАТТАГА = make something sure, reliable and
better.
386. Best → Be-est → Es / Esen ♣ ЭСЭН = alive, good,
well.
387. Bed → (twist) → deB → deb-s-ger → Dewsger ♣
ДЭВСГЭР = bed, bedding, mat, carpet...etc.
388. Big – Baga ♣ БАГА = small.
389. Bitch → Bich → Gichii ♣ ГИЧИЙ. Also: Bich ♣ БИЧ
= monkey. Bich / Bichkhen ♣ БИЧХЭН = tiny.
390. Bizarre – Buzar? ♣ БУЗАР = unholy, unclean, alien.
(Hungarian: bűz = bad smell).
89

92. 391. Boby (name) – Bovi / (old script: Bobi) ♣ БОВЬ /
БОБИ = stupid, dumb.
392. Body – Bodi ♣ БОДЬ = real. (some claim it comes from
Sanskrit: Bodhi) See: Real.
393. Bold (manner) – Boldoo (a male name) ♣ БОЛДОО =
rude. Also: Bold ♣ БОЛД = Iron. See: Iron.
394. Book – Bookh ♣ БООХ = to bind, to tie. (Russian spell
their Bog = god → Booh).
395. Boston (name) – Boston ♣ БОСТОН = woolen fabric.
396. Bother → Russian: Bodry = cheerful → Budrekh ♣
БҮДРЭХ = (trip, fall, falter) be not cheerful, be unsuccessful, be
struggling in life.
397. Brew → Baraashig ♣ БАРААШИГ = home made
alcoholic brew.
398. Brick → Barick → Barikh ♣ БАРИХ = to build, to
construct. (Russian twist: ck-ir-B+ch = Kirpich).
90

93. 399. Brother → B+rod+er (be-Rod-person)→ Russian: Rod
= clan, family, kin → (Rod → doR → Tor / Tur) → Dorol / Torol ♣
ТӨРӨЛ = family relative, kinsman.
400. Bucket → Beget → Begter ♣ БЭГТЭР = metal plates,
metal dishes, lamellar armor.
401. Buddhism – Burkhani shashin ♣ БУРХАНЫ
ШАШИН = religion of God or God's religion. See: God, Dumb,
World.
402. Bug – Bug ♣ БУГ = a type of demon that hides in the
shadows, a dead person`s soul. It can simply be insects. Dead
people's flesh can feed or give birth to thousands of bugs and
worms. Bug also means to stay in one place forever. Insects and
small creatures are seen as local spirits, larger creatures, and
nomadic birds are seen as visitor spirits.
403. Build → B+Uild → Uild-kh / Uildekh ♣ ҮЙЛДЭХ = to
do, to make, to manufacture, enact.
91

94. 404. Butt → (twist) → ttuB → Tub-y → Tubiikh ♣
ТӨВИЙХ = bulge, bulge out.
405. Button → Butt-on → (twist) → ttoB → Tob-ch ♣
ТОВЧ.
406. Buy – Bay / Bayan ♣ БАЯН = rich. Baylig ♣ БАЯЛИГ
= resources.
407. Cabbage → bage-Ca → Baytsaa ♣ БАЙЦАА.
408. Cache → French: Cacher = to hide → C+ache → iche-
kh → ichikh ♣ ИЧИХ = to hide, hibernate, to feel ashamed.
Actually: Shame → Shaim → iChaim → Ichim-ky ♣ ИЧИМХИЙ
= shame.
409. Calibrate → Galibar ♣ ГАЛЬБАР = a shape, body
shape / Galbir ♣ ГАЛБИР = beautiful look, female body shape.
Galbirjuulakh ♣ ГАЛБИРЖУУЛАХ = (modern) fitness, to shape,
to beautify, to perfect. Galiglakh ♣ ГАЛИГЛАХ = write in Latin
(Gali).
92

95. 410. Calm → C+alm → Almy / Almay ♣ АЛМАЙ = calm,
careless, absent-minded...etc.
411. Canon – Gunan buu ♣ ГУНАН БУУ = Big gun (main
gun), Bull gun (Ukher buu ♣ ҮХЭР БУУ) – Guna ♣ ГУНА – 3
years old (bull) animal. What if “Guna” is an English Gun?
412. Carry → Gar ♣ ГАР = a hand (people use hands to
carry stuff). Fin+Gar → Finger. In Russian brawl or fist fight is
called: Draka → Draca →(twist)→ a-car-D → Mongolian: Gar-
dan tulaan = hand fight, brawl, fist fight, close combat. Similar
claim is with word: Drag → gar-D – people use hands (Gar →
arm) to drag stuff. See: Grab.
413. Cave – Gav ♣ ГАВ = a crack in the ground, crevice.
Also: Cave-tsal → Khavtsal / Havtsal ♣ ХАВЦАЛ = canyon.
414. Celebrate → C+Elebra-kh → Elberekh ♣ ЭЛБЭРЭХ =
help, respect and honor parents, elders (traditions?). See: Help.
93

96. 415. Center → Centy ♣ СЭНТИЙ = Khan`s throne. Also:
Kenty / Henty ♣ ХЭНТИЙ = province name in Mongolia –
traditional residence of Mongolian rulers. If: C+Enter → Inder ♣
ИНДЭР = podium, grandstand, lectern…etc.
416. Chad (a stereotypical alpha male) → Russian: Chado =
child → Chad ♣ ЧАД / Chad-akh ♣ ЧАДАХ = can (do, craft,
think), to be able, capable...etc. Chadal ♣ ЧАДАЛ = power,
strength, skill...etc. (Russian: Sila = strength → Sin = son.
Mongolia: Huch = strength → Huu = son).
417. Changes → Chingghis Khan / Chingis Khan ♣
ЧИНГИС ХААН = Genghis Khan.
According to Yakutian mythology there are trinity = gods of fate.
1) Odun Khan = God of Good Fortune. (Mongolian: Od = good
luck) See: Odin. 2) Diilgat Oyun Khan = God of Consciousness. 3)
Chinghis Khan = God of Changes.
94

97. Also: His → Turkic: Kisi (Kishi) = human, man. In Mongolian:
Geng-his = Ching-his ♣ ЧИНГХИС = True-man, Real-man. Chin-
gis is a modern Mongolian accent / twist.
418. Chat → Chalcha / Chalch / Chalchikh ♣ ЧАЛЧИХ.
419. Chamber → Ch+Amber → Ambaar ♣ АМБААР =
barn, storehouse.
420. Cheat → C+Heat → Huurakh ♣ ХУУРАХ. Actually:
Cheat → Ch-eat → Sh-id ♣ ШИД = magic. See: Heat.
421. Check → Check-do → Chek-da / Tsagdaa ♣ ЦАГДАА
= Police, watch.
422. Chop → Chap – Tsav-ch ♣ ЦАВЧ / Tsavchih ♣
ЦАВЧИХ.
423. Circular → C+ercular → erguule-g ♣ ЭРГҮҮЛЭГ =
vortex, spindle, whirlpool, (road) turn.
424. Class → C+Lass → (twist)→ ssaL → Salaa ♣ САЛАА.
Angi salaa ♣ АНГИ САЛАА = class, group.
95

98. 425. Coach (trainer) → Co-teach → Cutech → Khutech /
Khutuch ♣ ХӨТӨЧ = guide, driver.
426. Cock – Khock ♣ ХӨХ = nipple, breast, (in sense like
fleshy growth like a chicken comb). See: Lock.
427. Connect → Latin: Con+nectere (together + bind)→
Mongolian: Nect / Negt / Negtekh ♣ НЭГТЭХ = (make it one) to
unite, to merge, to team, to join…bind...etc.
428. Common → Co-man → Caman / Khaman ♣ ХАМАН
= joint, together, by gathering up → Cama-g / Khamag ♣
ХАМАГ = everyone, all people.
429. Cosmos – Cos mos / Khos mos ♣ ХОС МОС = couple
& couple, pair & pair.
430. Couch (lie down)→ Kawch → Khaw-do → Khew-te /
Khewt ♣ ХЭВТ = lie down. See: Ouch.
431. Cough → Kof / Kow – Khow ♣ ХОВ = dog bark sound.
See: How.
96

99. 432. Couple (Co-people) – Co / Cos / Khos ♣ ХОС = pair.
Also: Co-aar → Coyar / Hoyar / Hoyor ♣ ХОЁР = two. See:
Connect.
433. Courage → Zou-rage → Zorige → Zorig ♣ ЗОРИГ.
434. Cow → Kow → (twist) → woK → Buck / Bukh ♣ БУХ
= bull.
435. Culinary → (Latin: Culina = kitchen) → Coolinary →
Khool ♣ ХООЛ = food.
436. Cure → Cyure → C+Yure → Yure-nd-og / Yrondog ♣
ЕРӨНДӨГ = antitoxin, cure.
437. Dance – Deens ♣ ДЭЭНС = jump rope, skip rope
game. (Dees ♣ ДЭЭС = rope made of hair.) See: Tension.
438. Dare – Dair / Dairakh ♣ ДАЙРАХ = to attack (verbally
& physically). See: Raid.
439. Dark – Daarakh ♣ ДААРАХ = get cold, to feel cold.
97

100. 440. Dawn – Dawaa / Davaa ♣ ДАВАА = Monday, mountain
pass, wrestling victory (or a round), a new challenge.
441. Deem – Taa / Taam-ag ♣ ТААМАГ = guess,
speculation, thesis, theory. (Tama and Taamag: Dictionaries claim
that this word is closely related to the word Doom = judgment day,
end, death.) See: Time.
442. Dent → dint (twist) → nid / nider / nidrekh ♣
НИДРЭХ = to hit, to rub. (Hit – Hit / Het ♣ ХЭТ = steel for
striking fire.)
443. Develop – Devjikh ♣ ДЭВЖИХ.
444. Devil (=The Evil) – Russian: 1.Debil ♣ ДЕБИЛ = idiot,
2. Dyawol ♣ ДЯВОЛ = Devil. Mongolian: Davil / Davil-uun ♣
ДАВЬЛУУН / (Davliun ♣ ДАВЛИУН) = overbold, became too
demanding or privileged because of rich childhood, haughty →
arrogantly superior and disdainful.
98

101. 445. Dog – Doog ♣ ДООГ = mockery, say funny things
about someone. Dog-shin ♣ ДОГШИН = angry, savage. (Aran-
shin ♣ АРАНШИН = temperament, nature.)
446. Double → Dawkhar ♣ ДАВХАР = layer, double,
several layered, level, floor…etc. (Russian: Dawa = two).
447. Dude – Duu ♣ ДҮҮ / Duudgii ♣ ДҮҮДГИЙ = younger
brother or sister. Duudgii is a cute way to say younger brother,
within the family.
448. Dumb – Damba (male name) ♣ ДАМБА = comes from
Tibetan word “bstan pa” meaning religion and teachings. (J.Serjee,
Mongolian names dictionary, 1991, Ulaanbaatar). Damba =
Buddhism. Maybe it comes from English? Dumb? Why not? See:
Christianity, Damp.
449. Dung – Dung / Dun ♣ ДУН = any seashell. Here some
seashells look like dung.
99

102. 450. English → Engli-sh – Angli ♣ АНГЛИ. (spoken as
Angil).
451. Entire → (Middle English: intire) → En-Tire → Tyre →
Dayar / Dayaar ♣ ДАЯАР = entire, all over, whole.
452. Equal → Egel ♣ ЭГЭЛ = common, simple. Also: ijil ♣
ИЖИЛ = same, equal. Eveel ♣ ЭВЭЭЛ = suitable. See Suitable.
453. Ever → Heveeree ♣ ХЭВЭЭРЭЭ = same as it was, still.
See Heaven.
454. Evil – Eviil ♣ ЭВИЙЛ = to pity (in religious teachings
pity is a type of luxury – where mercy is shown to an enemy). Evil
♣ ЭВИЛ = coexist, cooperate, make deal with. (In order to live
here, in our world, a child must make a deal with or learn about
many evils, such as dangers, viruses, and diseases. These evils are
still not defeated.)
455. Exceed ~ Ikhseed ♣ ИХСЭЭД = becoming more.
456. Eya (name) – Eye ♣ ЭЕЭ = (own) mother.
100

103. 457. Eye – Eye-jig / Achigla / Ajigla ♣ АЖИГЛА = observe,
look after. Also: Aya ♣ АЯ / Eye ♣ ЭЕ = peace, harmony, see eye
to eye. But Ayan ♣ АЯН = travel, war, campaign.
458. Fall → Ball → Balartakh ♣ БАЛАРТАХ = become
dark. Ukhaan balartakh ♣ УХААН БАЛАРТАХ = to faint (to
fall down). See: Blur.
459. Family → Russian: Familiya = surname, family name,
father-name → Fa-miliya → Mongolian: Milya-kh / Myilaa-kh
/ Myalaa-kh ♣ МИЛААХ / МЯЛААХ = give presents, gifts
and blessings (with words), sprinkle blessings.
460. Far (Faraway) → Baraa ♣ БАРАА = view (from far
distance).
461. Fate (feit)→ (twist) → taFe → Tawi-lan ♣ ТАВЬЛАН.
See: Feet.
462. Feet → (twist) → Teef → (F=B) → Teeb → (E=A) →
Taab → Taab-ky → (paw) → Tawkhay ♣ ТАВХАЙ = feet,
101

104. sole, paw. (Russian: Tab-och-ky / Tapochki = slippers.) See:
Step.
463. Four → (twist) → rouF → The-rouF → D-rouF →
Dorow ♣ ДӨРӨВ. (notion: of Door). Greek: Penta = five →
(twist) → taPen → Tawan ♣ ТАВАН = five. Russian: Gora =
mountain → Gura-w ♣ ГУРАВ = three. (notion: trees,
mountains are triangle shaped)…etc. See: Nike, Couple.
464. Gain – Gai ♣ ГАЙ / Gain = loss, trouble. This seems
totally opposite, indeed, Gai / Gain is “a loss” in modern
Mongolian. Here one can say “Gain”-minded people, or people
who are seeking “Gain” can cause “loss & trouble” for others. Also
“a place of plenty” is called “Khang-gai or Khang-gain ♣
ХАНГАЙ” = is a place you can find all resources you need –
mainly grass, water, wood, clay and wild game. Khan or Khang
means "Greater" – Khan-gain – Greater-gain.
102

105. 465. Gas – Gaz / Gazar ♣ ГАЗАР = earth, soil, land. Why
gas was twisted into the earth or land in Mongolian? Who
knows...another way to say Earth is Del-khii ♣ ДЭЛ-ХИЙ = open-
air, Earth. Maybe it is because we live inside air (Not inside water
or earth) – on land. No air no place to live. Agaar mandal ♣
АГААР МАНДАЛ = (air surface) land. Also: Gas-lan ♣ ГАСЛАН
= screaming, dog crying sound.
466. Gear → G+Ear → (twist) → arE-ga → Old script: Araga
→ Araa ♣ АРАА.
467. Genuine → Geng-kin → Jinkhene ♣ ЖИНХЭНЭ.
See: Changes.
468. Get done – Get-lekh ♣ ГЭТЛЭХ = survive, get done,
prevail over, overcome. (here: -lekh = do) Also: Get → (twist) →
teG → teg-seen ♣ ТЭГСЭЭН = (yes it was) done.
469. Gilbert (name) – Gilber ♣ ГИЛБЭР = big shiny
arrowhead.
103

106. 470. Gone → Goni-kh / Gunikh ♣ ГУНИХ = be saddened
by remembering past events.
471. Gorgeous – Goo ♣ ГОО.
472. Goth (a type of rock music that often has words
expressing ideas about death or the end of the world) → Goth-ral
→ Gutral ♣ ГУТРАЛ = sadness, mourning, depression. (Goth
movement is modern, Mongolian word for “sadness & depression”
is ancient as hell.)
473. Grab → G+Rab → (twist) → baR → bari-kh ♣ БАРИХ.
474. Grade → G+Rade → (twist) → deRa → Daraa-lal ♣
ДАРААЛАЛ = order, sequence, queue. Order → Des daraalal ♣
ДЭС ДАРААЛАЛ / Or daraalal ♣ ОР ДАРААЛАЛ = place &
order.
475. Grey → Russian: Sery → Mongolian: Saaral ♣
СААРАЛ.
104

107. Picture: Grow - etymology provided by Oxford Languages.
476. Grow→ Gro-w (twist) → w-orG → Org-akh / Urgakh ♣
УРГАХ. Orga-mal / Urga-mal ♣ УРГА-МАЛ = plants, vegetables,
organic. Urgaw ♣ УРГАВ = grew. See: Animal.
477. Hammer – Ham ♣ ХАМ = combine, collect, friend.
Hamaar-akh ♣ ХАМААРАХ = connected, managed by, to deal
105

108. with, to concern...etc. Hamar ♣ ХАМАР = nose. The human nose
has a hammer shape.
478. Hand – Handgay / Handgai ♣ ХАНДГАЙ = Moose – a
creature with a hand like horns. Hand → H+and → And ♣ АНД =
close friend, (a person with who you go till the END), pal (palm).
479. Harpoon → Old script: Harbo-ga → Harvaa ♣
ХАРВАА / Harvaan = shooting, archery. Od Harvakh ♣ ОД
ХАРВАХ = shooting star. See: Shot.
480. Hat → Haads / Haadas ♣ ХААДАС = cover, protection,
any cover including hats.
481. Healthy → H+Ealthy → Eeltey ♣ ЭЭЛТЭЙ = healthy,
beneficial, positive, good, auspicious.
482. Heat → Huurakh ♣ ХУУРАХ = fry, heat. Also: Hataa /
Khataa-kh ♣ ХАТAAХ = to dry, to heat. Actually: Heat → H-eat
→ Sh-id → Old script: Shid-aakh → Shataakh ♣ ШАТААХ = to
burn. Heat is related with cheat. See: Cheat, eat.
106

109. 483. Heaven – (Hi-even = Higher plain?) → Heviin? ♣
ХЭВИЙН = normal, stable, constant, organized, shaped.
(Speculation).
484. Heck → (Hell → Holle in German) → Hock → Hog ♣
ХОГ = garbage.
485. Heed – Hiid ♣ ХИЙД = (Buddhist) Temple (a place to
hear the teachings).
486. Hill – Hil ♣ ХИЛ = border, limit.
487. Himalaya – spoken: Gemlay / Gemlai ♣ ГЭМЛАЙ.
Russian: Zemlya ♣ ЗЕМЛЯ = land, soil. Opposite of “Gemlai” is
“Dalai” = Land and Ocean. (Both Gem & Zem ♣ ГЭМ ЗЭМ
means “Sin, guilt”, Lai ♣ ЛАЙ means “Burden, suffering” – it is a
Buddhist notion that Earth / soil / dirt is made of Sin & Suffering.
See: Stupid and Dumb). (Zem → Zam ♣ ЗАМ = road. Land is
where Roads-Lay → Zem-lay).
107

110. 488. Hoard → Hora-d → Huraakh ♣ ХУРААХ = collect,
put away, hoard.
489. Holy → H+Oly → Oly-g / Olig ♣ ОЛИГ = strength,
goodness, kindness.
490. Honey → Hany → Hani ♣ ХАНЬ = lover, life-partner.
491. Hour – Hor ♣ ХОР = poison. Time acts as if a poison –
moving towards death. Also: Horom ♣ ХОРОМ = moment. See:
Time.
492. House (Ho-use)→ House+g → Hosog ♣ ХӨСӨГ =
house on wheels, cart, wagon. Also: H+Aus → Awsa / Aws ♣ АВС
= (wooden) box, coffin. House+s → Howces → Howtsas /
Huwtsas ♣ ХУВЦАС = cover, clothing. (“Hosog” is the closest).
493. Hostile → H+Osti+le → Ostin / Oston ♣ ӨСТӨН =
hostile folk, enemy.
108

111. 494. How → How-lokh ♣ ХОВЛОХ = report on, to
denounce. Also: How ♣ ХОВ = gossip, reporting on someone or
event, rumors...etc. See: Howl.
495. Humble – Hamba? ♣ ХАМБА = headmaster lama of a
Buddhist monastery, bishop, title after Dalai Lama = Pope. Hamba
is a close word to Namba. See: Numb.
496. Hunt – Huns ♣ ХҮНС = food.
497. Hurricane – Hur ♣ ХУР = any rain or snow. Shuurga ♣
ШУУРГА = storm → Shuurgan ♣ ШУУРГАН = a strong storm,
blitz.
498. Hymn (a religious song or poem of praise to a god)→
Hymn-el ♣ ХЭМНЭЛ = music rhythm.
499. Incise → Sc+ise → Ise-gekh ♣ ИСГЭХ = to cut.
500. Index → In+degs – Deg ♣ ДЭГ = check list, order.
Also: Des ♣ ДЭС = index, coherence, rank, order, system,
number...etc. (Maybe more related with Destiny).
109

112. 501. Iron → Ir ♣ ИР = blade, cutting-edge, sharp. See:
Smith.
502. Irritation → Irgiikh ♣ ИРЖИЙХ = to get skin irritation
or goosebumps, rough-surfaced.
503. Jade – Zada / Zad ♣ ЗАД = any flint-stone, lighting
stone (god's stone). Zad is close to the word Jad ♣ ЖАД = a spear.
504. Jim (name) – Jim ♣ ЖИМ = narrow path, walking path,
(-it has a notion of limited, restricted way like in “under regime” =
rule. Re-jim).
505. Job – Old script: Zob / Zov ♣ ЗОВ = suffering. Zoblоg /
Zovlogо ♣ ЗОВЛОГО = muscles, body. (It is a Buddhist notion
that working hard is a suffering and even a job is a chain in life.)
Actually: Job → Russian: Jbo-ta → Zabota = care, concern →
Mongolian: Zab-tay / Zawtai ♣ ЗАВТАЙ = (job-less, care-less)
having a free time. Russian: Jbo-d → Zavod = factory, work-shop.
110

113. 506. Journey – Jour-chikh / Zorchikh ♣ ЗОРЧИХ = to
travel.
507. Keep (keeper) → Middle English: kēpen → khaban /
khavan ♣ ХАВАН = Head of the guard station, post/keep master.
508. Kill – Kill-en / Hilen ♣ ХИЛЭН = rage, anger, wrath
(killing intent). (if English recycles word “ill” into “K-ill”,
Mongolian also recycles word “illy = metally sick” into “kh-illen”)
Also: Old script: ila-khu (twist: khu-ila) / i-alakhu ♣ ЯЛАХ = to
slay, to win. See: ill, slay.
509. Kiss → Russian: Kisly = sour (goriko goriko = bitter
bitter! (an old Polish / Russian tradition: a shout by wedding guests
urging the newlyweds to kiss, thus removing the "bitterness")) →
Mongolian: iss-kelen / iss-gelen / isgelen ♣ ИСГЭЛЭН = sour.
(German: Essig = vinegar).
510. Knuckles → K+Nuckles → Nugalam ♣ НУГАЛАМ =
(bending thing) back bone.
111

114. 511. Lamp – Lamba / Lamp-ag ♣ ЛАМПАГ. (Most modern
tool names skipped, Lamp is included as example how words
change into Mongolian) Also: Laa ♣ ЛАА = candle.
512. Land – Alan-ger / Alangir ♣ АЛАНГИР = a land with
soft soil.
513. Last → Alast / Alstaa ♣ АЛСТАА = in the distant
future, in the end, after all.
514. Law → a law → alab-tay / albatay ♣ АЛБАТАЙ =
mandatory duty.
515. Lean → (twist) → neaL → Nal / Nalakh ♣ НАЛАХ.
516. Look – Olood ♣ ОЛООД = look around!, search (the
area)! Also: Оlok ♣ ОЛОХ = to locate, to see, to search, to find, to
discover, to get...etc. Lookh / Luukh ♣ ЛУУХ = eye mucus.
517. Loose → (twist) → seooL → Sula ♣ СУЛ.
518. Lose → (twist)→ seLo → Sala / Salakh ♣ САЛАХ = to
separate, to divorce, to part.
112

115. 519. Low → Law ♣ ЛАВ = deep.
520. Ludicrous – Ludi / Lud ♣ ЛҮД / Ludiin? ♣ ЛҮДИЙН
= horrible, demonic, unimaginably wrong. Ludi seems to have
come from idol → (twist) → lodi → Loid / Ludi / Lud = a
sacrificial offering made of dough, in the shape of humans and
animals (mostly snake or horse), gingerbread man -to stop death or
curse.
521. Lush – Lus ♣ ЛУС = a land spirit (which makes land
lush, green, and fertile).
522. Mail →(if Roman origin: Mille = 1000) M-ile → ile-gee
♣ ИЛГЭЭ = send → ile-M-g → ilgeemge ♣ ИЛГЭЭМЖ = mail.
May / Mai ♣ МАЙ = here you are, take this, (word said when you
give something).
523. Mandate → O+mandate → O-mаdage (old script: A=N:
O-mndage = Great-Mandate) →(O=U) → Umdag ♣ УМДАГ.
113

116. Tenger-iin Umdag ♣ ТЭНГЭРИЙН УМДАГ = Mandate of
Heaven.
524. Marriage → Latin: maritare = to wed → Mari (Mari-
ku?)→ (twist) → riMa → Co-rima / Ho-rima → Hurim ♣
ХУРИМ.
525. Maria (name) – Maria ♣ МАРИА = (human) body fat,
chubbiness, fatness.
526. Mash – Mashlakh ♣ МАШЛАХ = combine, finish
forever, exchange forever. (Since this word is not used it was
removed from modern dictionaries).
527. Matching → Mat / Met → Metiin ♣ МЭТИЙН =...etc,
similar, matching.
528. Micheal (name) – Micheel ♣ МИШЭЭЛ = smile. See:
Smile.
529. Mind → May-nd → Maya-g ♣ МАЯГ = shape, mold,
design, fashion...etc, picky, desire for luxury, entertainment, new
114

117. things (which are all in Mind). Maya (name) – Maya ♣ МАЯА =
material things. (Maya – HINDUISM•Buddhism: the power by
which the universe becomes manifest; the illusion or appearance of
the phenomenal world. Mongolian folk religion or shamanism:
desire or main driving force behind culture & technology. Related
terminology: See: Sane, U-may – Womb, The Goddess of
Femininity, Death, Fertility, Night Sky and Space).
530. More – suffix: +Moor? / +Maar / +Meer / +Muur =
+wish to do, +need more. Example: Eat+more = id+meer ♣
ИДМЭЭР = I wish to eat more. See+more = Har+maar ♣
ХАРМААР = wish to see more or again.
531. Moron → Greek μωρός (morós) = frozen, stupid →
Bulgarian: More = Sea → Mongolian: Moron ♣ МӨРӨН = large
river, Moron river. Also: Usan teneg ♣ УСАН ТЭНЭГ = water
idiot, complete idiot. (Water run down).
115

118. 532. Music (Muse → Music) → Myoozik → kooziM → k-
ogo-ziM → Old script: Huhchim → Khugjim ♣ ХӨГЖИМ.
(maybe not related, but it just feels kinda close).
533. Name → N am → N are? → Ner ♣ НЭР. See: Are.
534. Narrate → Nerlekh ♣ НЭРЛЭХ = to name, denominate,
phrase…etc.
535. Nature → (replace A & U) → Nuta-g / Nutug ♣
НУТАГ = living land, residing land, my land. Nut (inside) →
Nutgiin humuus ♣ НУТГИЙН ХҮМҮҮС = insiders, natives,
locals.
536. Need → Russian: Nado = Needed → Old script:
Nagadom → Naadam ♣ НААДАМ = games, show, event,
celebration, festival, amusement...etc. Also: Ineed ♣ ИНЭЭД =
laughter. Actually: Need → Ne-ed → Naid ♣ НАЙД = hope.
Russian: Nadegeda = hope.
116

119. 537. Nice → Nais →(twist)→ saiN ♣ САЙН = good, nice.
Sain saikhan ♣ САЙН САЙХАН = nice & beautiful, all the good.
Also: Naiz ♣ НАЙЗ = a friend. (There is always something nice &
hopeful about a friend).
538. Nike (Greek goddess of victory) – old script: Nige / Neg
♣ НЭГ = number one. Also: Single → S+iNg+el → Nige-l ♣ НЭГ
Л = only one.
539. Nook (and cranny) – Nok / Nukh ♣ НҮХ = a hole.
Nook / Nuukh ♣ НУУХ = eye booger / gum, (tear duct).
540. Not → Russian: Nyet → Mongolian: Niaduu / Netu
kolya → Yaduu ♣ ЯДУУ = poor, not (having) → Niad-lakh ♣
НЯДЛАХ = slaughter (nullify livestock).
541. Now → oNo / Onoo ♣ ӨНӨӨ = now. Nowa-days →
Ono-odor ♣ ӨНӨӨДӨР.
542. Number – Nambar ♣ НАМБАР = people claim
(speculate) this name comes from Tibetan with meaning “dignity”,
117

120. it is possible that it comes from English (Indo-European)
“number”. Mongolian for number is “Too” related with “Doo /
Duu” meaning sounds, voices – opposite is Nam / Num = silence.
See: Numb. Tootoy ♣ ТООТОЙ = numbered or with-number
means “numbered, organized, limited, humble”. The same meaning
is shared with a male name Nambar.
543. Onion → (N → ng) s+ONgiON → Songino ♣
СОНГИНО.
544. Odds – Ödii ♣ ӨДИЙ = not happened yet, not yet, still
early (impossible now).
545. Of → Russian: suffix -ov, -ova and -ev (meaning
belonging to). Name: Sergey of Ivan → Sergey Ivan-of → Sergey
Ivanov. Mongolian: Ov+g / Ovug / Ovog ♣ ОВОГ = tribe,
surname.
118

121. 546. Okay – Ukhay / Uuhay ♣ УУХАЙ = Yes!, Oh nice, Oh
great. Uuhay is believed to be older than English: All Correct =
O.K.
547. On & On → Onon (river name) ♣ ОНОН. Önön / önö
♣ ӨНӨ = forever, very (ancient, many).
548. Open → (twist) → nepO → Russian: Nebo = sky →
Mongolian: Neekh ♣ НЭЭХ = to open.
549. Ouch – Ouchin / Owchin ♣ ӨВЧИН / Üvchin = pain,
disease. Diseases tend to be inherited from generation to
generation. See: Owe.
550. Padma (name) - Badma / Badmaa ♣ БАДМАА. (In
Mongolian “P” is often replaced by “B”).
551. Panel → (Russian: Phane-ra) → (P→B) Mongolian:
Banza / Banz ♣ БАНЗ = board, plank. (maybe close to German:
Panzer = armor).
119

122. 552. Pants → Band-age / Bandaashig ♣ БАНДААЖ /
БАНДААШ = underwear.
553. Parameter →(prefix: Para = almost) Barag ♣ БАРАГ =
almost → Barag-zay / Barag-zaga → Baragtsaa ♣ БАРАГЦАА =
near estimate, nearly accurate, grasp measurement of something.
554. Patience → (R added and twist) → Russian: Terp-eniye
→ (P → B) Mongolian: Teb-cheer ♣ ТЭВЧЭЭР = (hasten-halt)
patience. See: Speed.
555. Pay – Bay / Bai ♣ БАЙ = bet payment, gambling gain.
Actually: Pay → Russian: Plata = pay, payment → (twist) → a-tal-
P → TolB-r / Tolbor ♣ ТӨЛБӨР = pay, payment. Mongolian
Tolbor is more related with word “Plot” of land → (twist) → tolP
→ tolBor. Same goes with word “Flat” area → (twist) → talF →
talBa / talbay ♣ ТАЛБАЙ = flat land, field, area, plot, space...etc.
556. Pedestal → (twist) → Depe-stand → Dawtsan ♣
ДАВЦАН.
120

123. 557. Perky → Berkh ♣ БЭРХ = cheeky, not easy going,
hard.
558. Picture → Russian: Pisati = write, draw → Mongolian:
Bichi-kh ♣ БИЧИХ = write. Bichi-g ♣ БИЧИГ = script, system of
writing.
559. Pillage →(people-ill-making?) → Russian: Palach =
executioner, hangman → Mongolian: Alaach ♣ АЛААЧ =
executioner. Alaan Talaan ♣ АЛААН ТАЛААН = pillage. See:
Steal.
560. Poop → puu ♣ ПҮҮ = sound used to express disgust,
fie.
561. Post → Pos-gekh / Bosgokh ♣ БОСГОХ = set up, to
raise, to make something stand, build...etc.
562. Pour – Pour-gekh / Purgikh ♣ ПУРГИХ = (dry)
pouring of dust clouds. Also: Por por ♣ ПОР ПОР = water boiling
sound.
121

124. 563. Punch – Janch / Zanch / Zanchi-kh ♣ ЗАНЧИХ =
punish, beat up.
564. Put → (twist) → tuP → tab → Tabikh → Tavikh ♣
ТАВИХ. See: Stab.
565. Quest – Gui / Guilt ♣ ГУЙЛТ = request, a thing or wish
to ask. Also: Ques-lt → Quse-lt → Khuselt / Huselt ♣ ХҮСЭЛТ =
request.
566. Ragnarok (Old Norse: “Doom of the Gods”, in
Scandinavian mythology, the end of the world of gods and men)→
(twist) → korangaR (Koran-gar = Koran-state?) → Kharangar ♣
ХАРАНГАР = black cancer. Kharangadakh ♣ ХАРАНГАДАХ =
faint (near death) because of thirst or hunger.
567. Ram → Middle English: ram, Rom, ramme → (twist) →
moR → Mor-gekh / Morgokh ♣ МӨРГӨХ = to ram, to butt – a
push or blow, especially one given with the head.
122

125. 568. Real → (twist) → aleR → ilre-l ♣ ИЛРЭЛ =
manifestation, expression, reality.
569. Revolt → Urvalt ♣ УРВАЛТ = betrayal, treachery,
treason.
570. Rock – Orog ♣ ОРОГ = grey color, stone color. (Ordon
♣ ОРДОН = Castle.) See: Grey.
571. Roy (name – It is often associated with French roi
"king", royal.) – Oroi / Oroy ♣ ОРОЙ = (mountain, tree, any) Top.
572. Ruin → (twist) → nuiR → Nuri-akh / Nuraakh ♣
НУРААХ.
573. Rude → (twist) → udeR → Udeer-iin zan ♣
ҮДЭЭРИЙН ЗАН = bad rude manners.
574. Sale – Selee solio ♣ СЭЛЭЭ СОЛИО = exchange (not
involving money), barter. Selgee ♣ СЭЛГЭЭ = change-over.
575. Salvage → Salgage → Salgaj awakh ♣ САЛГАЖ
АВАХ = removal, to rake out, extraction.
123

126. 576. Sam (name) – Sam ♣ САМ = comb. Sem ♣ СЭМ =
silent, be stealthy. Mongolians call Uncle Sam as Sem akh =
trickster elder brother.
577. Sandal – Sandal ♣ САНДАЛ = chair.
578. Scale → Latin: S+Cala → Cala-kh → Khalakha /
Khalkh ♣ ХАЛХ = shield, protection, cover.
579. Scheme → Sc+heme → Heme-gee / Hemgee ♣
ХЭМЖЭЭ = size, measurements, dimension, amount.
580. Scratch → Old High German: krazzōn, chrazzōn →
(twist) → on-zzora-ch → zura → zuraas ♣ ЗУРААС = scratch,
line.
581. Search → S+earch → erge ♣ ЭРЖ / eregi / erekh ♣
ЭРЭХ. Sergi-il-ekh ♣ СЭРГИЙЛЭХ = police, to prevent. Serdekh
♣ СЭРДЭХ = suspect, to be suspicious. Also: Search-maa / Serch-
maa ♣ СЭРЧМАА = a popular female name believed to have
come from Tibetan meaning “Gser-ma = Golden mother”.
124

127. 582. Seek → C-eye-k → K-ai-k / Khaikh ♣ ХАЙХ. See:
Case
583. Serious – Surkhii ♣ СҮРХИЙ. Seriikh ♣ СЭРИЙХ = to
project, to rise, to protrude (hair, horns). Sergeg ♣ СЭРГЭГ =
alert, light sleeper.
584. Set free – Seter / Seterle-kh ♣ СЭТЭРЛЭХ = animal set
free sacrifice.
585. Severe – Severee / Sevreekh ♣ СЭВРЭЭХ = to get dry
(harden) in a wind, lower the temperature of something by
exposing it in a (cold) wind. Russian: Sever / Syever ♣ СЕВЕР =
the North.
586. Shake → Shaka-kh / Shahah ♣ ШАХАХ = to push, to
press, to force...etc.
587. Shaman – Sha-jin (sha-person) / Sha-shin (sha-
character) ♣ ШАШИН = religion, faith. (Other popular
125

128. explanation: Shashin → Xia Shin = Tangut faith = Tibetan
Buddhism).
588. Sheet → S+Heet → Huudas ♣ ХУУДАС. Guudas /
Gudas ♣ ГУДАС = bed sheet.
589. Shin – Shilbe ♣ ШИЛБЭ = the front of the leg below
the knee. (ilbe ♣ ИЛБЭ = magic).
590. Shirk (avoid or neglect – a duty or responsibility) → Old
script: Shirbahu → Sharwakh ♣ ШАРВАХ.
591. Shit → German: Scheisse → Mongolian: Shees ♣
ШЭЭС = pee, urine.
592. Shock (surprise) – Shock-lo / Shoglokh ♣ ШОГЛОХ =
bully, someone, in a hidden way. (nothing funny here) See: Joke.
593. Shocker – Shockher-hol / Shohoorhol ♣
ШОХООРХОЛ = interest, hobby. See: Shock.
594. Short (not long) → Sh+ort → Ort / Urt ♣ УРТ = long.
126

129. 595. Shot → Shod / Shodokh ♣ ШОДОХ = throw or draw
lots, use any fortune telling object. See: Sooth.
596. Show → (see how?) → Shokoorhuu-lakh ♣
ШОХООРХУУЛАХ.
597. Soil → Soiol → Soyil / Soyol ♣ СОЁЛ = culture. (The
notion is: S+Oil, but also: So = oS = water, il = above, visible →
Soil = above-water) See: Culture.
598. Sick → Sekh → Sekh-uun ♣ СЭХҮҮН = (mentally
sick) arrogant, smug, self-centered. Sekheer-ekh ♣ СЭХЭЭРЭХ =
to become awake/conscious after sickness, injury, or delusion and
madness. Sekheeten ♣ CЭХЭЭТЭН = communist elite.
599. Side – S+ide → (twist) → edi → edge → Etge-ed ♣
ЭТГЭЭД = side, distant land. Also: Said / Saidakh = become
friends, restore the partnership. Ite-gel ♣ ИТГЭЛ = idea, faith,
belief (one side view). See: Edge.
127

130. 600. Sin – old script: Sinalal → Shanalal ♣ ШАНАЛАЛ =
mourning, grief, sorrow, remorse...(the suffering of a mind is a sin
in Buddhism)...etc.
601. Sir → Ser → S+Er → Er ♣ ЭР = man, male. See:
Erection.
602. Skulk (to lie or keep in hiding, as for some evil reason)
→ S+Kulk → Khulkhi-dakh ♣ ХУЛХИДАХ = deceive, rip off.
603. Skull → Latin: Calva → (twist) → Caval → Gaval ♣
ГАВАЛ.
604. Sky → S+hi → Khia / Khii ♣ ХИЙ = gas.
605. Slow → Sulav-tar ♣ СУЛАВТАР = weak (body, taste,
tie). Actually: S+Low → (twist) → woL → Bol-ky / Bolkhi ♣
БОЛХИ = weak & slow in everything (movement, thinking, arts &
crafting), primitive (low) -may sound close to Bulky.
606. Slap → S+Lap → (twist) → paL (palm) → Bal-ba-kh ♣
БАЛБАХ = beat. Palm → P-al-m → al-ga ♣ АЛГА. Sea: Beat.
128