GSDI Marine-Coastal SDI Best Practice Webinar No. 1 - 4 Nov 2016

Coastal/Marine SDI Capacity Building Webinar
Your Presenters:
Roger Longhorn, Secretary-General, GSDI Association
rlonghorn@gsdi.org – gsdiassociation.org
Prof Joep Crompvoets, Public Governance Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium
joep.crompvoets@kuleuven.be and joep.crompvoets@soc.kuleuven.be
Dr Jade Georis-Creuseveau
CNRS and LETG-Brest Geomer, European Institute of Marine Studies, Plouzané, France
jade.georis-creuseveau@univ-brest.fr and jade.georis-creuseveau@cnrs.fr

Welcome to the Webinar!
• Part 1 – SDI Basics, Marine SDI and Strategies (Roger Longhorn)
• Part 2 – Marine Geoportals Research (Jade Georis-Creuseveau)
• Part 3 – Coastal/Marine SDI Good Practice Examples (Roger Longhorn)
• Part 4 – Open Data Benefits and Good Practice (Joep Crompvoets)
• Part 5 – Q&A Session
GSDI Coastal/Marine SDI Best Practice Webinar 2

Some Webinar ‘Housekeeping’!
• Documents available for download from the ‘Handouts’ tab in the control
panel to the right of your screen include:
• The SDI Readiness Checklist
• A brief Marine SDI Questionnaire
• The Data Accessibility Benchmark Self Assessment Tool (courtesy of ACZIS)
• IHO Marine SDI Questionnaire (2015) (courtesy of IHO MSDIWG)
• This presentation (as PDF file)!
• Your microphones are all muted automatically.
• Questions can be asked by typing your question into the Question Box in
the panel to the right of your screen. We will answer as many of these as
possible in the final session of the webinar and all will be answered by
email to all attendees.

SDI Basics, Marine SDI and Strategies
Your Presenter is:
Roger Longhorn
Secretary-General, GSDI Association
Member, IHO Marine SDI Working Group
PART 1

Implementing a national SDI: Key challenges & opportunities
for the marine community
NII – NSDI – Coastal/Marine SDI
The premise: Government establishes policies for information use at
national level (NII) based on perceived needs of government, of
businesses, and of civil society.
Rationale: To link up the disparate parts of
our society more efficiently.

NII – the National Information Infrastructure
NII as a process, not a ‘thing’:
• identify and ‘value’ information assets (create metadata),
• satisfy legal mandates – data needed by each organisation to do its
'public task',
• evaluate economic benefits of wider use of the data,
• evaluate societal benefits of wider use of the data,
• establish data & information policies that support the benefits,
• evaluate (alternatives) and establish implementation strategies,
• enact legislation to enforce the policies and enact the strategies,
• assess cost-benefit of the NII, sector-by-sector, and make future
plans.

NII versus NSDI
NII is all encompassing - embracing and/or impacting upon ALL of
society:
• government performance (increase efficiency in executing public
tasks),
• economic performance (efficiency of business operations,
innovation, employment, ...)
• providing benefits to civil society (quality of life, security, welfare of
citizens, …)
Key point is that NII principles and policies apply to ALL forms of data,
sector neutral.

National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI)
• SDI is an Information Infrastructure first, and spatial second – existing within an
NII.
• SDI is not only:
• Maps & digital geo or location-based data (although content is important!)
• Information Technology (GIS & other ICT, remote sensing, sensor webs,
mobile devices, etc.)
• Web-based Geoportals (although these are important windows for
delivering SDI objectives)
• SDI includes: governance, data policies & principles, legislation, monitoring,
enforcement, technical standards & infrastructure, capacity building,
stakeholder engagement –and people!
• There may be no ‘best’ way to implement an SDI – what works best depends
upon existing NII objectives, principles, policies - and local information culture.

SDI Objectives
• The key objectives for SDI are data sharing and interoperability (between
systems & organizations) in order to:
• reduce duplicated effort (in some cases, not all)
• permit re-use of the same data in new ways and by new users
• may reduce the cost of using geospatial data by original owner
• But… data sharing has a cost (people + time + ICT)
• Integrated information infrastructure helps reduce that cost (proven by studies)
…
• … and increases the value of geospatial information to business, government
and society in general (also proven by studies).
• Some successful SDIs start ‘bottom up’ – but ‘top down’ goals, principles and
standards help – and are mandatory to achieve national scope at least cost.

SDI Components
• Governance: gives direction, oversees ownership, plans for sustainability,
monitors operational implementation.
• Data policies & principles: standards, quality, access, sharing, publishing,
charging, re-use of data, ownership rules, licensing, restrictions.
• Legislation: monitoring and enforcement of data policies, intellectual
property rights (IPR), liability issues, privacy rules.
• Implementation: creating and managing the infrastructure, monitoring
progress, managing technology evolution.
• Capacity building: human resource development, training & professional
education, educating institutional users.
•People!

SDI Policies
Key data policies for SDI are:
• access to data (IPR, data protection, privacy, open data ‘by
default’?)
• use and re-use of data (the above + competition, 3rd party
considerations, potential liability issues, monitoring)
• charging or not for government data - the debate on ‘free or for a
fee’ (where philosophy meets economics!)

Other SDI Policy Issues
• custodianship of key reference data sources – topography, geology,
hydrography, addresses, cadastre, land use, etc.
• voluntary or mandatory participation in the SDI,
• enforcement measures – ‘light touch’ or strong,
• providing financial support or other incentives (if the SDI is creating a
‘public good’).

Challenges in the SDI Process
• Consultation, Cooperation, Collaboration and Coordination – the “4 C’s” for successful
SDI implementation.
• Raising awareness of benefits, at all levels - continuously.
• Overcoming skills shortages among data owners, creators, and users - at all levels of
government, businesses and citizens.
• Convincing stakeholders that harmonized geospatial data has greater value due to its
ability to support interoperable services – and new services.
• Managing expectations of all stakeholders in a process that will take many years to
complete.
• Measuring success (identifying early ‘win-win’ cases & using performance indicators) - to
combat concerns over cost.
• Adapting to change – nothing stands still in the information world!

Why the SDI Challenges exist?
• capacity building issues – lack of human resources with the right skills
and knowledge, lack of adequate ICT infrastructure, lack of funding…
• conflicts with other departmental or government policies (prioritize
SDI? chaging for government data?),
• lack of incentives to managers and high-level decision makers to
make the changes,
• concern over data quality – mistakes & inaccuracies in ‘my’ data,
• data hoarding – retaining control over ‘my’ data, and
• ... institutional inertia – change of any kind does not come easily!

Coastal/Marine SDI Challenges
So, what are the SDI challenges facing the coastal and
marine information communities?

GSDI Coastal/Marine SDI Best Practice Webinar
Marine Data Challenges - Themes
16
EU MSP Themes:
• aquaculture areas
• fishing areas
• oil, of gas and other energy resources
• minerals and aggregates
• production of energy from renewable
sources
• nature and species conservation sites
and protected areas
• maritime transport routes and traffic
flows
• submarine cable and pipeline routes
• raw material extraction areas
• military training areas
• scientific research
• tourism
• underwater cultural heritage

• EU Maritime Policy has no explicit legal basis in the Treaty of Rome as
exists in other sectors, such as agriculture, transport, etc., so…
• … implementation of different elements of the EU Marine Strategy
Framework Directive (MSFD) and Marine Spatial Planning (MSP)
Directive rely on specific Treaty provisions that most closely relate
to the proposed policy initiatives.
• The data components (data, tools, management, etc.) are then
enacted (typically) via Regulations (law) – but not always in detail
and with multiple enforcement regimes (whether EU-wide or
national).
• USA – “regional planning bodies are not regulatory bodies and have no
independent legal authority to regulate or otherwise direct Federal,
State, tribal or local government actions.” (EO 2010)
Marine Data Challenges - Legal Basis
17GSDI Coastal/Marine SDI Best Practice Webinar

EU MSP Directive - Article 10 - Data use and sharing
1. Member States shall organise the use of the best available data, and
decide how to organise the sharing of information, necessary for
maritime spatial plans.
2. The data referred to in paragraph 1 may include, inter alia:
(a) environmental, social and economic data collected in accordance
with Union legislation pertaining to the activities referred to in Article 8;
(b) marine physical data about marine waters.
3. When implementing paragraph 1, Member States shall make use of
relevant instruments and tools, including those already available under
the IMP, and under other relevant Union policies, such as those
mentioned in Directive 2007/2/EC (INSPIRE).
MSP Data Challenges - Standardisation & Conformance
18

Marine Data Challenges - Integration
19
1. Marine Cadastre
components are critical
for implementation of
marine spatial plans.
2. Data, jurisdictions and
legal issues all overlap
with MSP requirements.
3. Integrated spatial data
infrastructures (SDI)
encompassing both
marine and terrestrial
data are key enablers for
both marine cadastre and
MSP.

A Marine Spatial Data Infrastructure (MSDI) is that element of an
SDI that focuses on the marine input to SDIs in terms of
governance, standards, ICT and content.
The concept of MSDI is gaining wider appreciation in terms of the
way a variety of data types might be combined for efficient analysis
by a wide range of disciplines, such as spatial planning,
environmental management and emergency response.
This requires the data to be held in a generic way, rather than for a
particular product for a limited user group or for a specific
purpose.
An MSDI is … an infrastructure that promotes interoperability of
data at all levels.
from Spatial Data Infrastructures –”The Marine Dimension”
Guidance for Hydrographic Offices - IHO Publication C-17 - Edition 2.0 - April 2016
Marine Spatial Data Infrastructure (MSDI)
20

(New) S-100 Framework Data Structure
for Hydrographic and Related Data
• broad geospatial framework structure,
• not specific to navigation or charting,
• capable of accommodating other requirements,
• based on ISO 19100 series of geographic information
standards,
• will support development of Marine SDIs globally,
• marine cadastre is one of the first sub-components to be
developed.
IHO Marine Data Standards
21
MSDI Pillars

IHO Marine Data Standards
22

1. Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) requires far more data from far
more data sources (creators, owners, custodians, public and private)
than is provided within marine cadastre initiatives, programmes,
systems – and legal mandates alone.
2. Yet marine cadastre provides one of the most important
underpinning data sources to enable MSP implementation.
• How do you plan without boundaries, ownership, tenure and
related cadastre information?
3. The very complexity of MSP, involving land-sea interactions,
significantly complicates the legal, jurisdictional and data
management requirements for both marine cadastre and MSP.
MSPs Biggest Challenges?
23

Strategy Recommendations
• SDI development strategy should be tied to e-Government initiatives – and goals - now
underway in most countries.
• Strategy also sets the timelines for implementation – defining parallel actions and serial
actions, e.g. ...
• harmonized metadata cannot be created until standards have been agreed,
• but once agreed, metadata creation can proceed independent of, for example,
licensing policy development or harmonization of data itself.
• Implementing early ‘win-win’ scenarios is important - keeps stakeholders engaged in the
process – addresses, cadastre, reduce road congestion, disaster mitigation?
• Implementation strategies need to define ways to meet and overcome these
challenges…
• within budgets and human resources capabilities
• Provide for continuous awareness raising, training and related capacity building
initiatives.

In conclusion - What is Marine/Coastal SDI?
• A subset of NII - developed under the umbrella principles & policies
of the NII.
• A subset of NSDI - involving many different sectors and disciplines
where ‘location’ in respect of the marine/coastal environment is
especially important or essential – and usually complex (coastal).
• Marine is one of the few themes developed today within NSDI
(geology? transport?).
• A key ‘People’ question – who leads and/or how do multiple sectors
work together effectively in creating what is a complex, multi-sector
SDI?

End of Part 1 – Thank you!
Your Presenter was:
On to PART 2 where Dr Jade Georis-Creuseveau will
present some of the results of research into
coastal/marine geoportals conducted since 2014.

PART 2
Marine Geoportals Research
Presenter: Dr Jade Georis-Creuseveau
CNRS
and
LETG-Brest Geomer, European Institute of Marine Studies, Plouzané, France
PART 2

Survey of National Coastal and Marine SDI
Geoportals: Worldwide Developments
Jade Georis-Creuseveau (presenter)
Roger Longhorn
Joep Crompvoets
GSDI Marine SDI Best Practice Project
2015-2017

• Coastal and Marine Areas: Complex and vulnerable ecosystems.
• Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP): promising context for
increasing data production and accessibility.
• Needs for coastal and marine SDIs : a priori evident to inform
decision making (IHO, 2011).
 What are the current worldwide developments ?
Context

Aim:
Conduct an international Web survey to assess the worldwide
developments of existing national geoportals of SDIs or similar
Web services enabling the access and use of spatial data
specifically related to marine and coastal zones.
Geoportal: central web gateway for spatial data discovery, access,
and related added-value services (Crompvoets et al., 2004;
Maguire and Longley, 2005)
 A way to assess what processes a country implements in order
to enable the access and use of spatial data.
Aim

• 2 successive steps:
• Geoportals Inventory : November 2014
• Browsing of the Internet with monitoring tools & keywords.
• Scanning various international networks and events (GSDI,
CoastGIS, IHO, IODE, INSPIRE).
• Geoportals Survey: November 2014 - March 2015 –
November 2015-March 2016
• 12 Characteristics sourced from the geoportal Web pages.
• 5 Components: Data, Technology, People, Policy, Standards.
• Every six month since October 2014  Monitor the current
developments.
Methodology: General Overview

1. Name of national geoportal
2. Year of first implementation
3. Languages used
4. Data themes
5. Number of datasets
6. Level of openness for data access
7. Licensing
8. Data searching mechanisms
9. Data access services
10. Monthly number of users
11. Number of data suppliers
12. Standard metadata
Characteristics

Results: Geographic Distribution
51 geoportals implemented by 27 countries
Large majority of the countries: one or two geoportals
USA, France, Australia, Canada: Major maritime countries manage several
(from 4 to 5) geoportals
Africa: very few geoportals

Results: Typology
Geoportal
Class
Number Affiliation
Atlas-Like 15 International Coastal Atlas Network
(ICAN)
Hydrographic
Offices 10 International Hydrographic Organization
(IHO)
Oceanographic
Data Centres 18
Intergovernmental Oceanographic
Commission (IOC) of UNESCO &
Programme "International
Oceanographic Data and Information
Exchange" (IODE)
Hybrid 8 -
Total 51
Combination of the characteristics :
• Data thematic
• Data access policy Typology resulting into the following
• Search data mechanisms four types of geoportals:
• Access data mechanisms

Results: Level of Openness
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
free online registeration
& requested form
fee paying
Atlas-Like (15)
Hydro. Office (10)
Oceano. DC (18)
Hybrid (8)
Total (51)
Variety between geoportal types
Free access
Free access granted
Paid access

• Atlas-Like geoportals : Open License (3/15) or Specific Data
Use Agreements (3/15)
• Hydrographic geoportals : General Conditions of Sale of the
distribution agents (10/10)
• Oceanographic/Marine Data Centre geoportals : IOC
(Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission)
Oceanographic Data Exchange Policy (18/18)
Results: Licensing

Results: Search Mechanisms
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Catalog Map List
Atlas-Like (15)
Hydro. Office (10)
Oceano DC (18)
Hybrid (8)
Total (51)
Different searching mechanisms applied
+
Mechanisms combined for most
geoportals
+
+
Map interface (& List) : most common

Results: Access Mechanisms
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Dowload OGC Services Transfert Dist. Agent
Atlas-Like (15)
Hydro. Office (10)
Oceano. DC (18)
Hybrid (8)
Total (51)
Different access mechanisms applied
+
Mechanisms combined for most
geoportals
+
+
Downloading services (& retail sources):
most commonGSDI Coastal/Marine SDI Best Practice Webinar 38

• The Hydrographic Office geoportals provide metadata
according to the IHO transfer standard for digital
hydrographic data (S-57).
• The remaining geoportals provide metadata in the
ISO/INSPIRE and FGDC Metadata standards.
Results: Metadata Standards

Good Practices
Data
• Give access to a wide range of marine and coastal data along
the land-sea continuum.
Policy
• Free access for registered users.
• Open licences such as Open Database License (ODC-ODbL).
People
• Provide key indicators about the geoportal (number of data
suppliers, number of visitors).
• Offer helpdesk, tutorials.
• Allow comments or questions and feedback to users.

Good Practices
Technology
• Search mechanisms: map interface & catalog.
• Search access mechanisms: download services and other
web services (CSW, WFS, WMS, ...).
• Provide functions supporting decision making (e.g. online
mapping tools).
• Provide interactive functionalities (e.g. on-line forum, blog)
to build communities of practice.
• Mechanisms enabling users to submit metadata and
datasets.
Standards
• Apply (international) standards and in particular the ones
used in the national SDI.

• Regional and worldwide developments are underway.
• Despite the integrated approach promoted by MSFD/MSP,
well-operating geoportals with access to a wide range of
marine and coastal data are not very common.
True data harmonisation and service interoperability need to
be improved.
 Raising awareness of coastal information needs with the
terrestrial geospatial community.
Conclusion

Thank you!
Jade Georis-Creuseveau (presenter)
GSDI Marine SDI Best Practice Project 2015-2017
Now on to PART 3 of the webinar, where Roger
will look at some Coastal/Marine SDI Examples
and Good Practice…

Part 3 – Coastal/Marine Good Practice Examples
Your Presenter:

Identified Good Practice in Marine/Coastal SDI
Australian Marine SDI (AMSIS)
• Elevation and depth are in the national Foundation Spatial Data
Framework, under custodianship of the Intergovernmental Committee on
Surveying and Mapping (ICSM).
• Bathymetry dataset includes a 50m multibeam dataset of Australia to
provide an understanding of the nature of the seafloor plus various
representations of the coast, ranging from lowest to highest tide, to aid in
coastal planning and monitoring.
• The data underpins many applications - safe hydrographic navigation,
definition of maritime and administrative boundaries, emergency
management, natural hazard risk assessment, water management, natural
resource exploration and exploitation and national security.
• Started ‘bottom up’ in early 2000’s – now supported from within the
Australian NSDI.

Australian Marine Spatial Information System (AMSIS)
• Web based interactive mapping and decision support system that
improves access to integrated government and non-government
information in the Australian Marine Jurisdiction.
• Contains many layers of information displayed in themes of Maritime
Boundaries, Petroleum, Fisheries, Regulatory, Environment, Native Title
and Offshore Minerals.
• Data is sourced from Geoscience Australia, other Australian government
agencies and some industry sources.
• Contains offshore mineral locations data that was used to create
the Offshore Minerals Map (a key driver for the MSDI).

• “Information in this application should not be relied upon as the sole
source of information for commercial and operational decisions. AMSIS
should not be used for navigational purposes.”
• Legacy AMSIS contains data from 2006-2014 that is being migrated to the
new AMSIS.
• Interactive Maps is a discovery and exploration view of Geoscience
Australia's geospatial services. Each map has queries and functions with
linked access to OGC web services and metadata.
• Visit AMSIS Interactive Maps here:
http://www.ga.gov.au/interactive-maps/index.html#/theme/amsis
For example….

Legacy AMSIS data
Australian Ocean Governance and
Related Legislation
Seas and Submerged Lands Act
<<<<- Fisheries Act(s) Related ->>>>
48

Good Practice in Marine/Coastal SDI – USA
USA Coastal SDI
• The Coastal Services Center of NOAA (now the Office for Coastal
Management) published in 1999 definitions and goals for the Coastal
National Spatial Data Infrastructure within the US NSDI initiative.
• Coastal SDI supported establishing metadata standards within remit of the
Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) work on the national Content
Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM) - first published in 1998.
• Today, Coastal/Marine SDI developments are under the FGDC Marine and
Coastal Spatial Data Subcommittee. Visit:
https://www.fgdc.gov/organization/working-groups-
subcommittees/mcsdsc/index_html

USA Coastal SDI
• “The vision of the US Marine and Coastal NSDI is that current
and accurate geospatial coastal and ocean data will be
readily available to contribute locally, nationally, and globally
to economic growth, environmental quality and stability, and
social progress.”
• NOAA’s DigitalCoast is one of the most-used resources in the
US coastal management community.
• Visit: http://coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/
• See the stakeholders (450+ !) at:
https://coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/contributing-partners/

USA DigitalCoast
• Topics — This section provides quick links to the top Digital Coast holdings that
communities use to address common coastal management issues.
• Stories from the Field — See how communities throughout the coastal zone use
Digital Coast products.
• Digital Coast in Your State – These reports showcase usage statistics and top
products for each state. The Return on Investment report is also helpful. Digital
Coast costs are compared to the efficiencies gained by the user community.
• Top Products — Top data sets include lidar, economic, and land cover data. Most
used tools include the Sea Level Riser Viewer, Land Cover Atlas, and a do-it-
yourself visualization tool.
• Have a look at Contributing Partners at
https://coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/contributing-partners/

Canadian Marine GDI
• Canadian Marine Geospatial Data Infrastructure (MGDI) guide was
published in 1999.
• Comprehensive ‘Marine Use Requirements for Geospatial Data’
report in 2001.
• Canadian CGDI (NSDI) Guidelines not published until 2004.
• One of the challenges noted 15 years ago was:
• “Capacity building (training) will be needed to create demand for
MGDI and to create the capacity to use MGDI to the fullest” - a
challenge that remains today.

Canadian Marine GDI
• Marine SDI work in Canada now includes marine cadastre within the
national SDI programme, GeoConnections, and development of the Arctic
SDI, which involves many nations with Arctic borders.
• Web Map Services for Marine Geoscience Data from Natural Resources
Canada – visit http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/earth-sciences/resources/tools-
applications/web-map-services/marine-geoscience-data/17402
• MSDI work in eastern Canada is led by the Coastal and Ocean Information
Network Atlantic (COINAtlantic), a hub for coastal and ocean information
in Atlantic Canada for ACZISC, the Atlantic Coastal Zone Information
Steering Committee.

http://coinatlantic.ca/
The Coastal and Ocean Information Network Atlantic (COINAtlantic) is the ACZISC's (Atlantic Coastal
Zone Information Steering Committee) website, a hub for Coastal and Ocean Information in Atlantic
Canada. This includes the geospatial tools:
• COINAtlantic Search Utility
• COINAtlantic GeoContent Generator
• COINAtlantic Data Accessibility Self-Assessment Tool
The ACZISC is working to provide open access to data, information and applications relevant to
Atlantic Canada through COINAtlantic. COINAtlantic promotes: Reliable Access, Best Information,
and Informed Decisions.
54

GeoContent
Generator
Tool
COINAtlantic
Search Utility
Tools
Developing a Coastal Characterization
Information Service for the Island of
Newfoundland
55

Irish Spatial Data Exchange (ISDE) in the Irish SDI
• The Irish SDI is implementing the INSPIRE Directive for a pan-European SDI.
• The Irish Spatial Data Exchange (ISDE) is a data discovery tool allowing you to find spatial
data and services hosted across multiple government and academic organisations.
• Online data access options are available.
• Assess whether data exist that are suitable for your purpose through the detailed
metadata.
• The ISDE was developed by the Marine Institute with partners Geological Survey of
Ireland, EPA, Department of Environment, Community and Local Government (DECLG)
and Coastal and Marine Research Centre (UCC), with initial funding from multiple
sources.

Some Good Practice & Lessons Learned
• Marine/Coastal SDI development takes place within existing national SDI (and
NII) initiatives/programmes, not in isolation – be represented on NSDI
committees, councils and implementing bodies.
• Marine/Coastal SDI developers need to be fully aware of these initiatives and the
requirements these may place on MSDI development plans and work.
• Identify a key organisation (or consortium) to be the formal MSDI leader…
• Not easy in the marine/coastal world where there are many disparate sectors involved,
typically led by many different government departments.
• Many departments do not see the need to cooperate as part of their legal ‘public tasks’.
• Requires compromise, cooperation and collaboration at all stages!
• Adopt international standards wherever possible (ISO or national profiles).
• Prepare to adapt to change from the outset – nothing stands still over the
periods of time it will take to implement an SDI.

Thank you!
Now on to PART 4 of the webinar, where Prof
Joep Crompvoets will introduce Open Data
challenges, benefits and issues….

Open (Geo)data
Your Presenter is:
Prof Joep Crompvoets
Public Governance Institute
KU Leuven, Belgium
(with contributions from Bastiaan van Loenen -
Knowledge Centre Open Data / Delft University of Technology
and Roger Longhorn, GSDI Association)

QUESTIONS
Why Open Geodata?
What is Open Geodata?
Are there examples of applications based on open geodata?
What are the benefits of Open Geodata?
How to boost the value added use of Open Data?

Why Open Geodata
for the Coastal/Marine
Community?

EUROSION Project
Project funded by the
European Commission

EUROSION OBJECTIVE
“To provide the European Commission with a
package of recommendations on policy
and management measures to address
coastal erosion in the EU.
These recommendations should be based on a
thorough assessment of the state of
coastline and of the response options
available at each level of administration.”

Moderately vulnerable areas
Lowly vulnerable areas
Highly vulnerable areas (hotspot)
Assessment of European coastline
Example of Ajaccio Bay

Analysis
Vulnerable areas and
Monitoring indicators
In terms of
Lives at risk
Economy at risk
Nature at risk
ElevationBathymetryAdministrative boundariesHydrographyInfrastructureErosion patterns (CCEr)Sediment discharges from riversHydrodynamics and sea level riseLand cover (LC) and LC changesLaws and decreesNationally designated areasSocial and economical profiles
From Data to Information

Costs and Access Restrictions
Most existing datasets are “protected”:
you do not buy information itself, but a right to
use it (“license”).
Dissemination of end-products is restricted
(sometimes, end-products have to be
“degraded”).
Quality “labels” are not commonly adopted :
so uncertainty about the products.

Costs and Access Restrictions
26% acquisition of licensed data (e.g. Elevation)
17% update of existing data (e.g. Coastal Erosion)
33% production of missing data (e.g. Hydrodynamics)
24% Format conversion, integration, and quality control
EUROSION database = 2 Million Euros

Coastal Erosion
Higher investment costs
Delayed implementation
Uncertain quality
dissemination constraints

What is “Open Geodata”?
Terminology is key to understanding
principles and defining policy.
What are we talking about when we
use the term ‘open geodata’?
Are all stakeholders using the term
equally?

Open Data?
1. Data Must Be Complete
2. Data Must Be Primary
3. Data Must Be Timely
4. Data Must Be Accessible
5. Data Must Be Machine processable
6. Access Must Be Non-Discriminatory
7. Data Formats Must Be Non-Proprietary
8. Data Must Be License-free
9. Compliance must be reviewable.
10. The work shall be available as a whole and at no more than a reasonable
reproduction cost

Or simply ...
Data without any restrictions in its use
- and provided for free.

Geodata: data referring to a location on earth.
Geodata is open if any user is free to use, reuse, and
redistribute it. (Longhorn, 2014)

Examples of Geodata
Digital Elevation Model
Topography
Cadastral
Administrative
boundaries
Land use
Soils
Climate
Demography

Are there examples of applications
based on open geodata?

76
` Gem. inkomen vs WOZ waarde per wijk
Gem. vraagprijs per m2 woonruimte Verkeersongevallen 2012
Source: Knowledge Centre Open Data – Delft University of Technology

77
Source: Knowledge Centre Open Data – Delft University of Technology

What are the benefits of geodata?

If Open Data, then….
• 68 billion euro (Pira International, 2000)
• 27 billion euro (Dekkers et al., 2006)
• 40 billon euro (Vickery, 2011)

If Open Data, then…
Open data - Landsat imagery:
1 million downloads
in 6 months when open...
versus
25,000 per year
when not open.

Open Data Effect (PDOK, www.pdok.nl)
82

“The coolest thing to do with your data will be thought of by
someone else” (Rufus Pollock*)
Why Open Data?

Source: RIVM
Transparency: Data Quality and Efficiency

How to boost value-added use?
OPEN DATA!

However, …
“There is no such thing as a free lunch.”
(Longhorn and Blakemore 2008)

Open Data Funding Model
(Source: P. Boers after van Loenen 2006, p.106)
Government financing
Public sector
body
open data Users
Users
Government
? ? ?

It is vital for a sustainable open data business
model to have a guaranteed main source of
revenue, …
whether it be from government budget (tax payer)
financing or …
use of legal instruments for levying charges for
access to and use of data.

(Source: P. Boers after van Loenen 2006, p. 106)
Government financing
Public sector
body
open data Users
Users
Government

Government financing open data Users
Users
Government
body
(Source: P. Boers after van Loenen 2006, p. 106)

Without sustainable funding…

Other Challenges
• Legal:
• Liability
• Privacy
• Intellectual property
• Competition law
• Technology
• Organisational issues
• Extra costs
• …

QUESTIONS?
Why Open Geodata?
Are there examples of applications based on open data?
What are the benefits of Open Data?
How to boost value added use of open data?

Thank You!
And that brings us to the end of the presentations.
Now we will try to answer some of your questions. Any questions
that you have posted to us that we cannot cover today will be
answered to the best of our ability by return email.
Note that this webinar has been recorded and the URL to access the
recording will be on the GSDI Association website under ‘Projects –
Marine SDI’ at gsdiassociation.org.

GSDI Marine-Coastal SDI Best Practice Webinar No. 1 - 4 Nov 2016

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