In this project, I demonstrated the invalidity of Kirchhoff's voltage law when applied to circuits having a non-conservative electric field so that the sum of all voltage drops in an electrical loop is not zero. Moreover, the potential difference between any two points will depend on the path which has been traversed and therefore it will not be unique. I also demonstrated the same by connecting two voltmeters between same two points showing two different readings out of phase with each other.

2. Overview
• CASE 1: Conservative electric field and KVL.
• CASE 2: Non-conservative electric field and Faraday’s law.
• CASE 3: The misconception of KVL
• CASE 4: Why it is wrong to assign voltage polarity across an
inductor?
• CASE 5: A strange coupling!

3. CASE 1: Conservative Electric Field and KVL
Applying KVL to a cell in open circuit, without wires! A Cell Dipole!

4. Continuing CASE-1
Applying KVL to a Simple Circuit!

5. How potential difference is produced across a resistor?
+ -
E
+ -
V
I
R
 Charge Separation
(Conservative Field)
Continuing CASE-1

6. Area of Solenoid is ‘A’.
WHAT IS THE VALUE
OF POTENTIAL
DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN POINTS
‘C’ AND ‘D’?
 Magnetic Field ‘B’
is increasing with time.
CASE 2: Non-Conservative Electric Field and Faraday’s Law
Non-Conservative Faraday Field!
C
D

7. CASE 3: The Misconception of KVL
“A very simple concept where all book authors, physicists and teachers are WRONG”
I + - + -
E=0
Use FARADAY’S LAW not Kirchhoff’s Law!!!
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law does not apply for circuits having
Non-Conservative Electric Field

8. CASE 4: Why it is wrong to assign voltage polarity across an inductor?
V+ -
Area, A
+
-
B
V
90°
Can Lorentz’s forces justify
the use of voltage polarity across an inductor?

9. Continuing Case 4

10. CASE 5: A strange coupling
V+ -
+
-
Area, A
A
R
Ammeter

11. Some Snapshots of
College Level Project Competition
Spandan-Archetype-2016

16. Thank You