trichomonas tenax is a sp of genus trichomonas , precense into oral cavity , respiratory system submaxillary gland . pathogenic by engulf host cells .

2. • INTRODUCTION
• MORPHOLOGY
• LIFE CYCLE
• PATHOGENESIS
• TRANSMISSION
• LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
• CONCLUSION

3. *commonly found in the oral cavity of humans, dogs and cats.
* T.tenax is the smallest in the genus trichomonas .
* It has high prevalence in persons with periodontal diseases
(reviewed by Honigberg and Burgess, 1994).
*submaxillary gland (Duboucher, Mogenet and Perie, 1995),and
infra-auricular lymph node (Duboucher et al.2000)
*trichomonads occurring in the oral cavity and the respiratory tract
of humans are T. tenax (Honigberg and Burgess,1994)

5. Trichomonas tenax
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukarya
Phylum: Metamonada
Class: Parabasalia
Order: Trichomonadida
Genus: Trichomonas
Species: T. tenax

6. 5 to 14 μm long 5-6 µm
Wide
Size range
Oval to pearShape
One, vesicular filled with chromatin
granules, ovoid
Nuclei
Five total, all originating anteriorly :
four extends anteriorly
One extends posteriorly
Flagella
Undulating membrane extending 2/3
of body length
Thick axostyle
Small anterior cytosome opposite
undulating membrane
Other structures

8. *Trichomonas tenax trophozoites survive in the body as mouth
scavengers that feed on local microorganisms.
*Located in the tartar between the teeth , tonsillar crypts, and
gingival margin around the gums.
*T. tenax trophozoites multiply by longitudinal binary fission.
*These trophozoites are unable to survive the digestive process.

9. * Trichomonas tenax is known to play a pathogenic role in necrotizing
ulcerative gingivitis and necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis. (Feki et al.
1981,Honigberg, 1990)
N U P N U G

10. *Also implicated in some chronic lung diseases(reviewed by
Hersh,1985 and Honigberg, 1990).
*the trichomonas have also been found in pleural fluid patients
(Memik, 1968; Walzer, Rutherford and East, 1978;Osborne,
Giltman and Uthman, 1984; Ohkura,Suzuki and Hashiguchi,
1985; Shiota et al. 1998;Porcheret et al. 2002; Lewis et al. 2003)

11. *T. tenax produced plasma membrane projections
and phagocytosed portions of the mammalian
cells.
*T. tenax may also be involved in the degradation
of periodontal tissue through the secretion of
substances such as alkaline phosphatases and
the fibronectin cathepsine

12. It has no cysts and is transmitted directly

13. * for specific detection of T. tenax by polymerase
chain reaction(Kikuta et al. 1997).
*Microscopic examination.
*T. tenax may also be cultured onto appropriate
media

16. • Corresponding author: Department of Parasitology,Faculty of
Science, Charles University in Prague,Vinicˇna´ 7, Prague 2, 128 44,
Czech Republic. Tel: +420221651811. Fax: +420 224919704. E-mail:
tachezy@natur.cuni.cz
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