Eapp

1. Language Used in Academic Texts from
Various Disciplines
• Language plays a vital role in our daily
conversation. This language may be used in
communicating with other people either spoken
or written. Taking into accounts, academic
language takes place in our professional dealings.
This language varies especially when used in
various disciplines. For instance, the word
‘division’ may be used differently in parliament,
mathematics and sports. Read and analyze the
short text below to learn about this matter.

2. Which process is stronger and more important? Which
process we shall encourage and which discourage? A
competition which makes sure that humans are still
going forward or cooperation which assures that we are
still human beings and can solve common problems
together. A dilemma that has always existed, a natural
choice that human beings has been confronted.
Fortunately it was the greatest skill of humans to
combine these two paradoxically contradictory processes
to produce the world we are living now and to keep
improving it.
Competition can be defined as a process where one
being rivals the other in reaching certain objective faster
and smarter.

3. • It is a force that has been given by nature and has
assured that only those who deserve to survive will
be able to do it. Long before the human beings have
appeared on earth other creatures were competing
with each other for a single aim of survival. Advent
of humans didn't change the basic import of
competition. They started to compete not only with
other animals environing them but also with animals
of the same kind, namely, humans. Competing with
environment allowed humans to take control of it
and produced improvements, innovations and
modernizations that humans have enjoyed
throughout their evolution.

4. • However, competition and cooperation are merely
one side of the same coin. When competition is a
rival between two or more to reach an aim,
cooperation is an agreement to reach that aim
together. Competition makes sure that only
strongest survive regardless of the purpose,
cooperation insures that that the survival is
adhered to the purpose. An organization of
people to reach a common aim can be narrowly
called as a society, and society was enabled only
by cooperation. Cooperation is a force that
assured a leading role of humans on this planet, a
continuation of a progress of human beings.

5. • Guide Questions:
• 1. In what particular discipline the text you read
belongs?
• 2. How are the insights in the text presented?
• 3. How do the underline terms in the text being
used?
• 4. How do the underline terms being used in the
other disciplines?

6. Language Used in Academic Texts from various
Disciplines
• Academic language represents the language
demands of school (academics). Academic
language includes language used in textbooks, in
classrooms, on tests, and in each discipline. It is
different in vocabulary and structure from the
everyday spoken English of social interactions. Each
type of communication (both academic and social)
has its purpose, and neither is superior to the
other.

7. • Academic vocabulary is used in all academic
disciplines to teach about the content of the
discipline, e.g., a water table is different from a
periodic elements table. Before taking chemistry,
for example, some students know the technical
words used in chemistry, while others do not.
Pre-teaching of vocabulary and subject-specific
terminology helps to address that need. Teaching
academic language can be challenging because
struggling readers and English learners do not
always know the vocabulary used to learn
specific academic terms or key concepts.

8. • Academic structure also includes the established ways of
organizing writing (which can affect how one reads) in a discipline.
Different genres, paragraph/sentence structure, level of text
difficulty, purpose, intended audience, overall organization, and
knowledge of outside resources for the text all affect how one
writes and reads in that discipline. In determining the language
used in academic text from various discipline, be reminded of the
following: Identify the text and then analyze the genre, academic
structure and academic vocabulary. For example, a lab report for
chemistry requires different academic structure and vocabulary
than a newspaper article for social studies or a food recipe for
home economics. Identify and analyze the explicit
instruction/deconstruction concerning the text; consider multiple
models if necessary. Example: Deconstruct a word problem in
algebra that requires different academic language from
deconstructing a proof in geometry, a poem in English, or a musical
symphony. Use textual evidence to support their ideas in speaking
and writing.