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Anxiety spectrum disorder.pptx
- 3. ANXIETY SPECTRUM DISORDER Anxiety disorders include disorders that share features of excessive fear and anxiety and related behavioral disturbances. 2023 Anxiety spectrum disorder 3 ANXIETY FEAR Anxiety is anticipation of future threat. Fear is the emotional response to real or perceived imminent threat. Anxiety is more often associated with muscle tension and vigilance in preparation for future danger and cautious or avoidant behaviors. Fear is more often associated with surges of autonomic arousal necessary for fight or flight thoughts of immediate danger and escape behaviors.
- 4. ANXIETY SPECTRUM DISORDER Many of anxiety disorders develop in childhood and tend to persist if not treated. Anxiety disorders occur more frequently in females then in males (approximately 2:1 ratio). Anxiety disorders diagnosed only when the symptoms are not due to any physiological effect, medication or another medical condition. 2023 Anxiety spectrum disorder 4
- 5. LIST OF ANXIETY DISORDERS Anxiety Spectrum Disorder
- 6. LIST OF ANXIETY DISORDERS SEPARATION ANXIETY DISORDER SELECTIVE MUTISM SPECIFIC PHOBIA SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER PANIC DISORDER PANIC ATTACK AGORAPHOBIA GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER
- 7. SEPARATION ANXIETY DISORDER Anxiety Spectrum Disorder
- 8. SEPARATION ANXIETY DISORDER DSM 5 Criteria Prevalence Risk and Prognostic Factors Gender Related Diagnostic Issues Functional Consequences Differential Diagnosis
- 9. DSM 5 CRITERIA A: An excessive fear or anxiety about the separation from those to whom individual is attached by at least 3 of the following, 1) Recurrent excessive distress when separation from home or from major attachment figure. 2) Persistent and excessive worry about losing major attachment figure or about possible harm to them such as illness, injury, disaster or death. 3) Persistent and excessive worry about experiencing an untoward event such as (getting lost, being kidnapped, having an accident, becoming ill) 2023 Anxiety spectrum disorder 9
- 10. DSM 5 CRITERIA 4)Persistent reluctance and refusal to go out, away from home to school , to work or elsewhere because of fear of separation. 5)Persistent or excessive fear of or reluctance about being alone or without major attachment figures at home or in other settings. 6)Persistent reluctance or refusal to sleep away from home or to go to sleep without being near a major attachment figure. 7)Repeated nightmares involving the theme of separation. 8)Repeated complaints of physical symptoms (headaches, stomachaches, nausea, vomiting) when separation from 2023 Anxiety spectrum disoeder 10
- 11. DSM 5 CRITERIA B: The fear, anxiety or avoidance is persistent lasting at least 4 weeks in children and adolescents and typically 6 months or more in adults. C: The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, academic, occupational or other important areas of functioning. D: The disturbance is not due to another mental disorder or another medical condition. 2023 Anxiety spectrum disorder 11
- 12. PREVALENCE It is the most prevalent anxiety disorder in children younger than 12 years. In clinical sample of children the disorder is equally common in males and females. In community the disorder is more common in females. 2023 Anxiety spectrum disorder 12
- 13. RISK AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS Environmental Factor: separation anxiety disorder often develop after life stress especially a loss (e.g., the death of relative or pet, illness, a change of schools, parental divorce, immigration, a disaster that involved periods of separation from attachment figure). Genetic and Physiological Factor: separation anxiety disorder in children may be heritable and these children display particularly enhanced sensitivity to respiratory stimulation using Co2 enriched air. 2023 Anxiety spectrum disorder 13
- 14. GENDER RELATED DIAGNOSTIC ISSUES Girls manifest greater reluctance to attend or avoidance of school that boys. Indirect expression of fear of separation may be more common in males then in females. 2023 Anxiety spectrum disorder 14
- 15. FUNCTIONAL CONSEQUENCES OF SEPARATION ANXIETY DISORDER Individual with separation anxiety disorder often limit independent activities away from home or attachment figures (e.g., in children avoiding school, not going to camp, having difficulty sleeping alone), (e.g., in adolescents not going away to collage), (e.g., in adults not leaving the parental home, not traveling, not working outside the home). 2023 Anxiety spectrum disorder 15
- 16. GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER Separation anxiety disorder is distinguished from generalized anxiety disorder that anxiety concerns separation from attachment figures. AGORAPHOBIA Unlike individual with agoraphobia those with separation anxiety disorder are not anxious about being trapped or in situation from where escape is perceived difficult. 2023 Anxiety spectrum disorder 16 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS PANIC DISORDER Threats of separation may lead to extreme anxiety. In this the anxiety is due to separation from major attachment figure rather then being due to an unexpected panic attack.
- 17. CONDUCT DISORDER School avoidance is common but anxiety about separation is not responsible for school absence in conduct disorder. SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER School avoidance is due to fear of being judged negatively by others rather then about being separated from attachment figures. 2023 Anxiety spectrum disorder 17 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS ILLNESS ANXIETY DISORDER Individual with illness anxiety disorder worry about specific illness they may have the main concern is about the medical diagnosis itself, not about being separated from attachment figure.
- 18. BEREAVEMENT Intense sorrow and emotional pain whereas separation from attachment figure is central in separation anxiety disorder. DEPRESSIVE AND BIPOLAR DISORDER These disorders may be associated with reluctance to leave home but main concern is not worry or fear of separation from attachment figure but rather low motivation for engaging with the outside world. 2023 Anxiety spectrum disorder 18 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS PERSONALITY DISORDER Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an indiscriminate tendency to relay on others whereas separation anxiety disorder involved concern about the proximity and safety of main attachment figures.