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Indus valley.pptx
1. IMPORTANT REMINDER!!!
While Africa takes pride for having
produced one ancient civilization
which is that of Egypt’s Nile Valley,
Asia takes pride or having produced 1
ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS. This
means that Asia is the BIGGEST
birthplace of OLDEST CULTURES OF
HUMANS.
2. The Indus Valley Civilization flourished
between 3300 to 1300 BC. It was one of the
earliest civilizations along with those in
Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt and also the
largest ancient civilization in the world,
spread over an area of 1,260,000 km2.
Remnants have been discovered as far south
as Mumbai, India and as far north as the
Himalayas in Afghanistan. At its peak the
Indus Valley Civilization may have had a
population of close to 5 million people. The
remains of this civilization remained hidden
until their discovery in the early 20th century.
3. Mergarh
Existed during the Neolithic Period
Around 3500 BCE
somewhere west of the Indus River
(Baluchistan, now part of Pakistan)
The people in Mergarh engaged in
agriculture, sheep raising and making
cereals.
Their houses were made of clay
bricks.
6. The city had two planned
areas:
(1) At the western end of the site
is an area known as the Citadel.
This area of the city was built on
top of a mound of bricks almost
12 metres high. A large staircase
ran up the side of this mound.
Several large buildings and
structures on the Citadel mound
suggest that this area may have
been used for public
gatherings, religious activities
or important
administrative activities.
In the citadel, there you find the
rice granary, marketplace and
public bath.
7. (2) The proper city
which is lower in
elevation where the
house are the same
and built against the
street.
The streets are done
in grid pattern.
WELL
S
ROADS
PUBLIC BATHS
8. Unique feature of the Indus
Valley Civilization
The structure of the houses has one
or more toilets or toilet connected to a
centralized system.
Underground sewer pipes are said to
be planned and organized by a
centralized government .
12. History of Indus Valley
Civilization
Began around 2700 BCE
Harappa was established around 3300
BCE.
Farming and agriculture became the
main economic activity due to scarce
metal resources.
Trading with the Sumerian civilization
could have progressed along the
shores of the Arabian Sea and the
Persian Gulf.
13. History of the Indus Valley
Civilization
Most artifacts
unearthed were toys
indicating that the
Dravidians liked
entertainment and
loved to play
For a while,
archaeologists thought
that the cities of the
Indus Valley
Civilization were
populated by children
Their disappearance
remains a mystery due
to no traces of war
were evident
14. The lives of the people in Mohenjo-
Daro and Harappa:
1) AGRICULTURE was their main economic
activity.
2) They had irrigation systems.
3) They had pottery and jewelry making.
4) Houses were made of clay bricks.
5) Their leaders were priest-kings.
6) Their religion was animism and polytheism.
They worshipped many gods some of which
were animals like the very revered BULL.
7) Their social classes were the ruling class
who lived inside the citadels; the farmers and
traders lived outside citadels.
15. Possible Causes of
Disappearance:
Famine, hunger, drought
Ecological factors/Natural disasters
(flood, typhoon, earthquake, volcanic
eruption, etc.)
Plagues
Invasions by another civilization like
the Aryans
