2. Concept of environment and ecology
• The combination of biotic and abiotic factors composes environment,
which surrounds us and other organisms.
• Abiotic factors include water, air, soil, light, temperature, etc that
affects human beings the least.
• Biotic factors are other factors that influence the environment much
more in comparison to abiotic factors. Biotic factors consist all forms
of life like animals, plants, micro-organisms, etc.
3. Concept of environment and ecology
• Human is an incorporated part of the environment and have very
intimate relationship with each other.
• Water, soil, climate and language of human differ from one place to
other which causes different social and cultural activities all over the
world.
• The people at hills have distinct life styles as compared to people in
the low land area. Similarly, people around the world differ in their
food, cloth, traditions, festivals, etc. All these are affected by the
factors around them.
4. Concept of environment and ecology
• A. G. Tensley coined the term ecology.
• The study of interaction and inter-relationship between an organism of some
kind and its environment is termed as ecology.
• In ecology, ecological ‘Niche’ is role of an organism or species played in
ecosystem.
• An organism niches consists everything that are influenced by the organism
independent of its lifetime
5. Concept of environment and ecology
• Ecology is studied to understand how nature interacts with living systems and
how living systems respond to nature. Thus, ecology is a study that helps
scientist to achieve new motives by developing technical methods to protect the
natural environment.
• Ecology may be studied with particular reference to either animals or plants.
Thus, it can be divided in to animal ecology and plant ecology.
• It is difficult to study animal ecology completely without having a proper
knowledge of plant ecology. The animal and plants are given equal emphasis;
thus, the term bioecology is often used.
6. Aspects of environment
Physicochemical Aspects of the Environment:
The physical and chemical the characteristics of the natural world that influence and
interact with living organisms, ecosystems, and the Earth's overall environmental
health. These aspects encompass a wide range of factors and processes, including:
Temperature Toxic Substances
pH (Acidity or Alkalinity) Soil Composition
Water Quality Chemical Reactions
Atmospheric Composition Energy Flow
Salinity Erosion and Weathering
Climate Change Nutrient Cycles
7. Aspects of environment
Biological Aspects of Environment
It refer to the living organisms and ecosystems that inhabit the Earth and interact
with each other and their surroundings.
Biodiversity Adaptations
Species Interactions Invasive Species
Population Dynamics Ecosystem Disturbances
Ecological Succession Ecosystem Services
Habitat and Niche
8. Aspects of environment
Socio-Economic Aspects of Environment
It refer to the ways in which human societies and their economic activities interact
with and impact the natural environment.
Resource Use Sustainable Development
Economic Development Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Costs and Benefits Ecotourism
Environmental Regulation Corporate Social Responsibility.
Green Technologies Circular Economy
Environmental Justice Climate Change Adaptation
Natural Capital Climate Change Mitigation
9. Aspects of environment
Socio-Cultural Aspects of Environment
It encompass the ways in which human societies and their cultures shape, influence,
and are influenced by the natural environment.
Cultural Beliefs and Values Cultural Heritage and Conservation
Spiritual and Religious Beliefs Community-Based Conservation
Cultural Practices Tourism and Cultural Heritage
Lifestyles and Consumption Patterns Environmental Justice and Equity
Environmental Education
10. Aspects of environment
Moral and Ethical Aspects of Environment
It discusses about how humans interact with the natural world and how we should
steward the planet for future generations.
Intrinsic Value of Nature Environmental Rights
Stewardship and Responsibility Eco-Justice
Intergenerational Justice Ethical Consumerism
Environmental Virtue Ethics Environmental Virtue Ethics
Eco-spirituality Environmental Education
11. Aspects of environment
Philosophical Aspects of Environment
It involves a deep and critical examination of the fundamental concepts, values, and
ethical considerations that underlie our relationship with the natural world.
Environmental Ethics Value of Nature
Ecological Relationships Spirituality and Nature
Ethics of Sustainability Philosophy of Technology
Political Philosophy and
Environmental Policy
Sustainability
