This article aims to present the scientific and technological advances that need to be achieved for humanity to colonize other worlds. Mars, which has been explored for about 60 years, should be the first alternative to be colonized by humans. All this effort that is being carried out to explore the planet Mars aims at its colonization in the future. NASA intends to send humans on missions to Mars by 2030. The challenges of colonizing Mars are immense, but every effort must be made to make this planet an alternative habitable place for humans in the face of threats to their survival on planet Earth with the occurrence catastrophic climate change and eruption of volcanoes as has occurred in the past that could lead to the extinction of human beings, the collision of asteroids, comets, planets of the solar system and orphan planets with planet Earth, the emission of gamma rays by stars supernovae that could lead to the extinction of life on Earth as it has already occurred in the past and the continued removal of the Moon in relation to the Earth and its catastrophic consequences on the Earth's climate. Significant scientific and technological advances need to be developed to provide the conditions for humanity to colonize celestial bodies in the solar system and beyond. The inventions that may occur in the future will be fundamental to enable the increase of knowledge about the Universe in order to contribute towards humanity being able to overcome the threats to its existence coming from outer space and to colonize other worlds.

1. 1
TOWARDS THE HUMAN COLONIZATION OF OTHER WORLDS
Fernando Alcoforado*
This article aims to present the scientific and technological advances that need to be
achieved for humanity to colonize other worlds. Three of the last books we published
[1][2][3] highlight the need for human colonization of other worlds, given that humanity
could be subject to extinction with threats to its existence from planet Earth, such as, for
example, the repetition of the great eruptions of volcanoes like those that occurred 250
million years ago that ended a cycle of life on Earth and climate change that could become
catastrophic and jeopardize the existence of life on Earth, as well as threats from outer
space such as, for example, the collision on planet Earth of asteroids, comets, planets of
the solar system and orphan planets that roam in outer space, by the worsening of the
terrestrial environment resulting from the continuous distancing of the Moon in relation
to the Earth, by the emission of gamma rays resulting from the explosion of supernova
stars that have the power to annihilate life on Earth, from the death of the Sun, from the
collision between the Andromeda and Milky Way galaxies and from the death of the
Universe.
To deal with the repetition of large eruptions of volcanoes like those that occurred 250
million years ago that ended a life cycle on Earth and climate change that, when it
becomes catastrophic, jeopardizes the existence of life on Earth, it is necessary to monitor
all volcanoes and the changes in Earth's climate to plan well in advance for humans to
escape to potentially habitable locations in the solar system such as Mars, Titan (Saturn's
moon) and Callisto (Jupiter's moon) with the implantation of space colonies. To deal with
asteroids that may collide with planet Earth, the strategy consists of monitoring those
found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter and those found in the “Kuiper Belt”
after the planet Neptune, as well as monitoring comets located in the "Oort Cloud" at the
edge of the solar system and divert them from their course if they are detected with enough
time to launch powerful interceptor rockets. To deal with the possibility of collision of
planets in the solar system with Earth, it is important to monitor the performance of each
one of them and identify habitable planets for humans outside the solar system to plan
their escape to exoplanets that are likely to be habitable for humans. such as, for example,
"Proxima b" orbiting a star that is part of the Alpha Centauri system, the closest to the
solar system, where space colonies would be implanted.
To deal with the collision of orphan planets on planet Earth, it is necessary to monitor the
performance of each one of them and plan the escape of human beings to other possible
habitable places for human beings located in the solar system such as Mars, Titan
(Saturn's moon ) and Callisto (moon of Jupiter) with the deployment of space colonies.
In the case of the profound deterioration of the terrestrial environment resulting from the
Moon's continued distancing from the Earth, it is necessary to monitor the Earth's
environment to assess its evolution and, in the case of the concrete threat of gamma-ray
emission resulting from the explosion of supernova stars , it is necessary to monitor its
occurrence and evaluate the possibility of the Earth being hit by gamma rays to plan, in
both cases, the escape of human beings to possible habitable places in the solar system
such as Mars, Titan (Saturn's moon) and Callisto (Saturn's moon). Jupiter) where space
colonies would be implanted. Before the death of the Sun, humanity should monitor the
evolution of this star to plan the escape of human beings to leave the solar system and
reach a new planet in another planetary system that is habitable for human beings. Among
several exoplanets (planets located outside the solar system orbiting other stars), the most
viable is the exoplanet "Proxima b" orbiting the closest star to the Sun, part of the Alpha

2. 2
Centauri system, which is 4.2 light years from Earth. Other exoplanets need to be
researched to assess whether they can be inhabited by humans.
Before the collision between the Andromeda and Milky Way galaxies, it is very important
to monitor their evolution and research the existence of exoplanets habitable by humans
in a galaxy closer to the Milky Way to draw plans for human escape, for example, for the
Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy located 25,000 light years from Earth which is a satellite
galaxy of the Milky Way located in the constellation of Canis Major or the Large
Magellanic Cloud which is located 163 thousand light years from Earth. It is necessary
to research the existence or not of a multiverse or parallel universes, which is another
important question to be studied because the existence or not of parallel universes opens
up the possibility of human beings surviving the end of our Universe heading to other
parallel universes where exoplanets need to be researched to assess whether they can be
inhabited by humans. Having verified the existence of parallel universes, it is necessary
to promote scientific and technological advances to know how to access them, discover
exoplanets habitable by human beings, aiming at the escape of human beings to parallel
universes.
Mars, which has been explored for about 60 years, should be the first alternative to be
colonized by humans. The United States and the Soviet Union tried repeatedly during the
Cold War to orbit the Red Planet with a satellite and land with a probe. Later, it was the
turn of the rovers to walk there, but a long road of many mistakes and successes was
necessary until we reached the current level. Several probes, rovers (space vehicles) and
landers (spacecraft that land on the ground of a celestial body) have been sent to Mars in
the last 60 years [4]. The Mars Exploration Rovers mission or NASA Mars Exploration
Vehicles consists of sending geological space vehicles (rovers) to Mars equipped with
several modern instruments capable of moving around to explore the Martian
environment [5]. Each vehicle must be carried on its own rocket and land on Mars. In
January 2004, two robots or rovers called Spirit and Opportunity landed on opposite sides
of the red planet. These robotic explorers traveled for miles across the Martian surface,
surveying field geology and making atmospheric observations. Carrying identical and
sophisticated sets of scientific instruments, the two rovers found evidence of ancient
Martian environments where intermittent moisture and habitable conditions existed. First
among the mission's scientific objectives was to search and characterize a wide range of
rocks and soils for clues about past water activity on Mars. The rovers were aimed at
locations on opposite sides of Mars that appear to have had liquid water in the past. Spirit
landed in Gusev Crater, a possible ancient lake in a giant impact crater. Opportunity
landed on Meridiani Planum, a place where mineral deposits suggested Mars had a wet
history.
NASA sent the Curiosity rover in 2011, which was the first landing on Mars with the help
of a parachute and, moments before contact with the ground, rockets were fired to reduce
the descent speed [5]. The Curiosity rover landed on its wheels, the rope was cut, and the
lander flew off to land a safe distance. Curiosity remains operational today with the aim
of studying the habitability of the planet Mars and its areology (a science analogous to
terrestrial geology). Early in its mission, Curiosity's science tools found chemical and
mineral evidence of habitable environments in the Martian past in Gale Crater. In 2013,
NASA sent the MAVEN probe (Mars Atmospheric and Volatile EvolutioN) which is still
collecting measurements of the Martian atmosphere to help understand the complex
climate changes on Planet Mars. The mission could help finally understand how Mars
lost its atmosphere in the past. Long ago, Mars had an atmosphere capable of maintaining
liquid water on its surface, which is necessary for the development of life as we know it.

3. 3
However, some phenomenon occurred so that the planet lost much of the atmosphere and,
consequently, its ability to have stable water on the surface. MAVEN provides
information about how and at what speed atmospheric gases currently leak into space.
This makes MAVEN the first spacecraft to take direct measurements of the Martian
atmosphere.
In 2016, the ExoMars Mission, the result of a partnership between the ESA (European
Space Agency) and Russia's Roscosmos, had as its main objective to search for signs of
ancient life on Mars and was designed to map the Martian atmosphere and analyze
methane and other traces of gases present there, as they may be evidence of life or
geological activity. In 2018, NASA sent the Insight probe to study the interior of the Red
Planet using very sophisticated geophysical instruments. The spacecraft is capable of
detecting Mars' formation processes, as well as measuring the planet's "vital signs"
specifically through seismology, heat flow measurements and precision tracking. This
mission also includes cameras on board the spacecraft. The Insight spacecraft is able to
use a mechanism that allows it to dig deeper and deeper into the ground to measure how
heat flows under the Martian surface. In this way, scientists will seek to know more about
the composition of the planet Mars and how it has evolved over time [5].
In 2020, China launched the Tianwen-1 mission and, in February 2021, became part of
the group of nations that managed to place a probe in Mars orbit. The mission includes
an orbital probe, a stationary lander and a Zhurong rover, which is part of China's Tianwen
1 Mars mission that landed on Utopia Planitia in May 2021 and aims to study the geology
of Planet Mars, as well as learn more about what lies beneath the Martian surface. The
Zhurong rover is designed to study the current and ancient presence of water, the internal
structure of the planet Mars, the identification of minerals and different types of rocks on
the surface, and the analysis of the environment in the atmosphere of Mars. Also in 2020,
the UAE's Hope Mars probe was launched with the aim of studying the Martian
atmosphere, including the Martian climate system throughout the year. The Hope Mars
spacecraft has a camera sensitive to optical and ultraviolet wavelengths and a
spectrometer adjusted to infrared and ultraviolet light designed to make simultaneous
measurements. Thus, scientists will be able to join these data, crossing them, since they
will correspond to the same instants in which they were collected [5].
NASA sent the Perseverance rover to Mars in 2021, a vehicle built to drive in rough
extraterrestrial terrain and driven by remote control from Earth with the main objective
of determining the potential for ancient life on this planet [6]. In addition to the
Perseverance rover, the Ingenuity helicopter was sent to Mars for an unprecedented
demonstration of autonomous flight technology on another planet. On April 19, 2021,
NASA's Ingenuity Helicopter became the first aircraft in history to make a powered and
controlled flight on another planet. Ingenuity achieved a feat of space exploration
previously considered impossible, which was to fly on the planet Mars. The Perseverance
rover searches for signs of habitable conditions on Mars, as well as looking for microbial
life that may have existed when there was water there.
From what is known about Mars, this planet does not show any evidence of having a
global structured magnetic field similar to Earth's that protects us from cosmic rays and
solar winds and this absence may have been largely responsible for the loss of the Martian
atmosphere [7 ][9]. Mars lost its magnetosphere 4 billion years ago, but has points of
locally induced magnetism [8][9]. Mars does not have a global magnetic field to guide
charged particles entering the atmosphere, but it does have multiple umbrella-shaped
magnetic fields, mostly in the southern hemisphere, that are remnants of a global magnetic

4. 4
field that decayed billions of years ago. Compared to Earth, Mars' atmosphere is very
thin. Martian soil is slightly alkaline and contains elements such as magnesium, sodium,
potassium and chlorine that are nutrients found on Earth and necessary for plant growth.
Surface temperatures on Mars range from −143 °C (in winter on the polar ice caps) to
maximums of +35 °C (in equatorial summer). Mars has the biggest dust storms in the
Solar System. These can range from a storm over a small area to massive storms covering
the entire planet. They tend to occur when Mars is closest to the Sun as its global
temperature increases.
It is also known that liquid water cannot exist on the surface of Mars due to the low
atmospheric pressure, which is about 100 times weaker than that of Earth. The two
Martian ice caps appear to be made largely of water [7]. The volume of water frozen in
the south polar ice sheet, if melted, would be enough to cover the entire surface of the
planet to a depth of 11 meters. There was the detection of the mineral jarosite (hydrated
sulfate of iron and potassium formed by the oxidation of iron sulfides), which forms only
in the presence of acidic water, demonstrating that water once existed on Mars. The loss
of water from Mars to space results from transport of water into the upper atmosphere,
where it is dissociated to hydrogen and escapes the planet due to its weak gravity. Mars
has Earth-like seasons due to the similar inclinations of the two planets' rotation axes. The
lengths of Martian seasons are about twice as long as those on Earth, as Mars is farther
away from the Sun, which makes the Martian year about two Earth years long.
All this effort that is being carried out to explore the planet Mars aims at its colonization
in the future. NASA intends to send humans on missions to Mars by 2030, but faces 7
major challenges [10]. There are some challenges that may delay or hinder the mission of
putting humans to live on Mars until 2030. The first challenge would consist of the
difficulty for human beings to stay on the surface of Mars due to the almost non-existent
atmosphere on Mars, which, because of cosmic radiation and the solar winds, would be
unprotected and could develop cancer. An alternative would be for humans to stay
underground on Mars. The second challenge is that the geology of Mars makes it difficult
to plant plant species. The third challenge to human life on Mars is that there is too much
fine dust from frequent dust storms. Those who live underground on Mars have to go to
the surface to clean the dust on the rovers from time to time, because sandstorms prevent
the batteries from being recharged using solar energy. In addition, this dust, due to its
extremely fine thickness, easily infiltrates space suits and can affect the lives of
astronauts.
The fourth major challenge stems from the fact that, for every 2 kilograms of objects, 130
kilograms of rocket are needed, which restricts the amount of material sent on each flight
and exponentially increases the cost of missions. Most rockets carry a payload of 1.5%
of their full size. By payload we mean people and objects. The fifth challenge to human
life on Mars is represented by the fact that the trip to Mars still takes about eight months,
which implies a large amount of fuel, food and support material for the mission teams,
unlike the Moon, for example, it only takes 3 days. The sixth challenge requires astronauts
to be meticulously tested and chosen to withstand the physical and social challenges that
this trip entails. Finally, the seventh challenge stems from the fact that Mars always has
a negative temperature that would require thinking about creating a human genome
capable of making human beings capable of withstanding extreme conditions and
surviving on Mars. There are no organic organisms on the surface of Mars, but there may
be underground and there is no guarantee that they will not compete with the organisms
that can be sent there from Earth. The fact that there is no life on Mars demonstrates that
the conditions for human beings to survive there are not yet met. Mars 2030 still seems a

5. 5
distant reality and before thinking about living there, we have to know more about this
planet.
NASA is developing 6 technologies to send humans to Mars [11]. These 6 technologies
are as follows: 1) Powerful propulsion systems to get us faster to Mars and from there
to Earth. Astronauts bound for Mars will travel about 225.3 million kilometers into deep
space. Advances in propulsion capabilities are the key to getting to our destination as
quickly and safely as possible; 2) Inflatable heat shield to land astronauts on other
planets. The largest rover to land on Mars is the size of a car, and sending humans to
Mars will require a much larger spacecraft. New technologies will allow heavier
spacecraft to enter the Martian atmosphere, get closer to the surface and land close to
where astronauts want to explore; 3) High-tech Martian spacesuits. Spacesuits are
essentially customized spaceships for astronauts. NASA's latest spacesuit is so high-tech
that its modular design is designed to be evolved for use anywhere in space; 4) Martian
house and laboratory on wheels. To reduce the number of items needed to land on the
surface of Mars, NASA will combine the first Martian home and rover into a single rover
complete with breathable air; 5) Uninterrupted power. Just as we use electricity to
charge our devices on Earth, astronauts will need a reliable source of supply to explore
Mars. The system will need to be lightweight and able to function regardless of its
location or the climate on the Red Planet; and, 6) Laser communications to send more
information to Earth. Human missions to Mars can use lasers to stay in contact with
Earth. A laser communication system on Mars could send massive amounts of
information and data in real time, including high-definition imagery and video feeds.
The challenges of colonizing Mars are immense, but every effort must be made to make
this planet an alternative habitable place for humans in the face of threats to their survival
on planet Earth with the occurrence of catastrophic climate change and the eruption of
volcanoes that could lead the extinction of human beings as has occurred in the past, the
collision of solar system planets and orphan planets with planet Earth, the emission of
gamma rays by supernova stars that could lead to the extinction of life on Earth as has
occurred in the past, and the continuous distancing of the Moon in relation to Earth and
its catastrophic consequences on Earth's climate that require escape to Mars [1][2][3].
The challenges to colonizing Mars need to be overcome to make this planet a more
immediate escape alternative for humanity when needed. Known for having ambitious
plans, Elon Musk, who created SpaceX in 2002, whose dream is to colonize Mars by
2030, recognizes that building a self-sufficient city on Mars will not be a simple task.
Elon Musk has admitted that he envisions Testa factories on Mars within 40 years. He
believes that 1 million people could live there by 2050. The start of sending humans to
the neighboring planet would be in 2026 [12].
Significant scientific and technological advances need to be developed to provide the
conditions for humanity to colonize celestial bodies in the solar system and beyond [2].
The inventions that may occur in the future will be fundamental to enable the increase of
knowledge about the Universe in order to contribute towards humanity being able to
overcome the threats to its existence represented by the collision on planet Earth of bodies
coming from outer space (comets, asteroids, planets of the solar system and orphan
planets), by the emission of cosmic rays, especially gamma rays with the explosion of
supernova stars, by the continuous distancing of the Moon in relation to the Earth, by the
death of the Sun, by the collision of the Andromeda and Milky Way galaxies and by the
end of the Universe. The colonization of Mars represents the first step.

6. 6
For humans to carry out long-distance space missions, it is necessary to find more
advanced forms of rocket propulsion to reach distances of hundreds or thousands of light-
years, given that, according to scientists, current chemical rockets are limited by the
maximum speed of exhaust gases. Other alternatives proposed by scientists would consist
of the use of nuclear thermal propulsion, of a solar/ion engine as a new form of rocket
propulsion, as well as the creation of a fusion reactor in which a rocket extracts hydrogen
from interstellar space and liquefies it [2]. It is also necessary to develop space capsules
capable of protecting human beings in space travel and to design space probes to carry
out research in possible habitable places in the solar system such as Mars, Titan (Saturn's
moon) and Callisto (Jupiter's moon) or on the exoplanet Proxima b situated in the Alpha
Centauri system and on an exoplanet in a closer galaxy such as the Canis Major Dwarf
Galaxy located 25,000 light years from Earth, as well as developing space colonies for
use by humans outside Earth.
NASA wants to test a nuclear-powered rocket by 2027 [13]. Advanced nuclear thermal
propulsion technology will allow the spacecraft to be faster, have a shorter travel time,
and will also enable faster delivery of cargo to a new moon base and robotic missions
even further afield. With the help of this technology, astronauts will be able to travel to
and from deep space faster than ever before. The new propulsion has the potential to
enable manned missions to Mars. According to NASA, a thermal rocket powered by
nuclear energy can be three to four times more efficient than conventional ones and
reduce the travel time to the red planet, that is, from 8 months to 2 months. Ion engine
took a ship to the edge of the Solar System [14]. The probe is the first space exploration
mission to use an ion engine instead of conventional thrusters, powered by chemical
reactions. The ion propulsion system will be adopted in the next generation of NASA
spacecraft. The thruster uses electrical energy to create magnetically charged fuel
particles, usually in the form of xenon gas, and accelerates these particles to extremely
high speeds. Whether energy from the Sun or from the atom, it would be used to ionize
(or positively charge) an inert gas such as xenon or krypton. The accelerated ions would
be pushed out of the thruster, propelling the spacecraft forward. If at first the spacecraft
would advance slowly, over time the acceleration would be gradual and inexorable,
reaching a speed close to that of light, making it possible for a human being to reach
nearby stars, such as Alpha Centauri, 4.3 light-years away.
Bussard ramjet propulsion is another method of propulsion for spacecraft that could
accelerate to close to the speed of light, and would be a very efficient type of craft. The
most obvious fuel source, which was proposed by Bussard, is hydrogen fusion, as
hydrogen is believed to be the most common component element of interstellar gas. An
electromagnetic field could attract positive ions from the interstellar medium and force
them into the ramjet engine [15]. Super-fast space travel close to the speed of light would
be fatal for humans, according to Edelstein and Edelstein's publication in Natural Science,
which states that the hydrogen in any aircraft capable of traveling at the speed of light
would also prevent it from making the trip at that speed because, as the ship's speed
approached the speed of light, interstellar hydrogen H would transform into intense
radiation that would quickly kill passengers and destroy electronic instruments [16].
Furthermore, the loss of energy from the ionizing radiation passing through the outside
of the spacecraft would represent an increasing increase in heat that would require large
energy dumps to cool the spacecraft. Even if it is possible to create a ship capable of
traveling at speeds close to the speed of light, it would not be able to transport people.
There is a natural speed limit imposed by safe levels of radiation due to hydrogen which

7. 7
means that human beings cannot travel at more than half the speed of light unless they
want a quick, immediate death.
An important issue to be clarified concerns the proof of the existence of Nemesis, which
would form a binary star with the Sun, which would be located in a position at least
seventeen times farther from the Sun than Neptune, the last planet in the solar system that
could throw by its gravitational action asteroids located in the “Kuiper Belt” and comets
located in the “Oort Cloud” towards Earth and causing great extinctions of life on our
planet. Faced with the threat of the collision of comets coming from the “Oort Cloud”
with the planet Earth and the collision of asteroids with the planet Earth coming from the
“Kuiper Belt”, it is of fundamental importance to send space probes to understand the
gravitational forces exerted by the “Oort Cloud” and the “Kuiper Belt” located beyond
the planet Neptune to evaluate the possibility of comets and asteroids being thrown in all
directions, many of which could hit the Earth, thus causing great extinctions of life on our
planet [1 ][2][3].
Additionally, in-depth research into the nature of dark matter and dark energy that make
up 96% of the entire Universe needs to be carried out to understand how it works, as well
as on the existence or not of parallel universes. The Universe is made up of 73% dark
matter and 23% dark energy, while the rest is made up of galaxies, stars, planets, etc.
which corresponds to 4% of the entire Universe. Without knowing the essence of dark
matter and dark energy we will not understand how the Universe operates in its entirety.
Another issue to be clarified concerns the existence or not of a multiverse or parallel
universes because the elucidation of their existence opens the possibility of human beings
surviving with the end of our Universe heading towards other parallel universes. The idea
that we live in a “multiverse” composed of an infinite number of parallel universes has,
for many years, been considered a scientific possibility. The challenge is to find a way to
test this theory and find out if it is possible for humans to enter parallel universes if they
exist. Finally, another issue to be clarified concerns the development of the final theory
or theory of everything, that is, the unified field theory that would seek to explain and
connect in a single theoretical structure all physical phenomena by joining quantum
mechanics and the theory of relativity in a single theoretical and mathematical treatment.
The unified field theory would help science to verify the consequences of using advanced
technologies for the benefit of humanity. There is still no accepted unified field theory,
and this subject remains an open field for research [1][1][3].
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* Fernando Alcoforado, awarded the medal of Engineering Merit of the CONFEA / CREA System, member
of the Bahia Academy of Education, of the SBPC- Brazilian Society for the Progress of Science and of
IPB- Polytechnic Institute of Bahia, engineer and doctor in Territorial Planning and Regional Development
from the University of Barcelona, college professor (Engineering, Economy and Administration) and
consultant in the areas of strategic planning, business planning, regional planning, urban planning and
energy systems, was Advisor to the Vice President of Engineering and Technology at LIGHT S.A. Electric
power distribution company from Rio de Janeiro, Strategic Planning Coordinator of CEPED- Bahia
Research and Development Center, Undersecretary of Energy of the State of Bahia, Secretary of Planning
of Salvador, is the author of the books Globalização (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1997), De Collor a FHC-
O Brasil e a Nova (Des)ordem Mundial (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1998), Um Projeto para o Brasil
(Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 2000), Os condicionantes do desenvolvimento do Estado da Bahia (Tese de
doutorado. Universidade de Barcelona,http://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/1944, 2003), Globalização
e Desenvolvimento (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 2006), Bahia- Desenvolvimento do Século XVI ao Século
XX e Objetivos Estratégicos na Era Contemporânea (EGBA, Salvador, 2008), The Necessary Conditions
of the Economic and Social Development- The Case of the State of Bahia (VDM Verlag Dr. Müller
Aktiengesellschaft & Co. KG, Saarbrücken, Germany, 2010), Aquecimento Global e Catástrofe Planetária

9. 9
(Viena- Editora e Gráfica, Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, 2010), Amazônia Sustentável- Para o
progresso do Brasil e combate ao aquecimento global (Viena- Editora e Gráfica, Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo,
São Paulo, 2011), Os Fatores Condicionantes do Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (Editora CRV,
Curitiba, 2012), Energia no Mundo e no Brasil- Energia e Mudança Climática Catastrófica no Século XXI
(Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2015), As Grandes Revoluções Científicas, Econômicas e Sociais que Mudaram o
Mundo (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2016), A Invenção de um novo Brasil (Editora CRV, Curitiba,
2017), Esquerda x Direita e a sua convergência (Associação Baiana de Imprensa, Salvador, 2018), Como
inventar o futuro para mudar o mundo (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2019), A humanidade ameaçada e as
estratégias para sua sobrevivência (Editora Dialética, São Paulo, 2021), A escalada da ciência e da
tecnologia e sua contribuição ao progresso e à sobrevivência da humanidade (Editora CRV, Curitiba,
2022), a chapter in the book Flood Handbook (CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida United States, 2022) and
How to protect human beings from threats to their existence and avoid the extinction of humanity (Generis
Publishing, Europe, Republic of Moldova, Chișinău, 2023).