1. Trends in ccTLD’s and models of operation
Oscar Robles
Chairman of the Board
Latin American and Caribbean ccTLDs
Kuala Lumpur 23.07.2004
2. Contents
1. LACTLD origins
2. Composition of LACTLD
3. Two Core Functions…Two Main Clients
4. How To Deal With?
5. Conclusions
3. LACTLD origins
• It was 1998, and the Internet Forum for the
White Paper meeting was held in Buenos Aires.
• Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina as a
communication and information exchange forum
for the LAC ccTLDs.
• Legally incorporated as a not for profit
international organization in the República
Oriental del Uruguay in 2004.
• Started with thirteen members, now seventeen.
4. Composition of LACTLD
• Current Members: bo, br, cl, co, cr, cu, do, gt,
hn, mx, ni, pa, pe, py, sv, uy
• Different Structures
– .cl; .co.cr; com.br; web.ve
• Different Organizations
– By the government: .ar
– With direct government involvement: .br, .cr, .cu, .bo
– By academical/research institutions: .cl, .co, .do, .gt,
.mx, .ni, .pa, .pe, .sv, .uy
– By ONG’s: .hn
• More than 1.4 million domain names.
5. Two Core Functions…
• Domain name registrations under the ccTLD
– Customer Service / Help Desk
– Registration and Maintenance procedings
– Payment procedings
– Information and Communication procedings
– Physical Infraestructure to offer service
– Databases
– Policies for domain name registration
– Policies for domain name dispute resolution
6. Two Core Functions…
• Domain name resolution services under
the ccTLD.
– To establish the appropriate technical
infrastructure to support the service
– Management of the infrastructure
• Highly critic service to attend in a precisely
basis… always and serveral million-times
a day!.
7. …Two Main Clients
• Local Internet Community (LIC)
– Direct clients
– Industry
– Government
• Global Internet Community (GIC)
– ICANN/IANA
– RIRs
– TLDs
– IETF
8. How To Deal With?
• Attending the global (mostly technical)
resolutions to ensure the interoperability of
our services.
– RFC: Request For Comments. Since April
1969. Almost 4 thousand documents
released.
– RFC 1591: Domain Name System Structure
and Delegation.
9. How to Deal with?
• Why?
• In order to keep updated the level of
services in a ccTLD
• Environment of competition
• Many choices for end users
10. Certainity
and Stability
Stability in the organization manager of
the ccTLD and support from the LIC.
How To Deal With?
Technological
Infrastructure
Bandwidth,
Hardware,
Software, Data
Bases, R&I.
End User
Services Attending LIC and GIC
needs keeping
interoperability
11. How To Deal With?
Global Internet
Community
(GIC)
gTLDs: ICANN (GIC)
.com
.net
.org
.info
.biz
.name
.pro
.museum
.coop
.aero
Global Internet
Community
(GIC)
ccTLDs: ICANN (GIC)
GIC
ccTLDs (LIC)
.ar
.br
.cl
.co
.fr
.jp
.mx
.uk
.us
.uy
…
12. Conclusions
• One Key Success Factor of the Internet is
INTEROPERABILITY!
• Internet can NOT allow isolation!
• The ccTLDs must follow the technical
standars defined by consensus in
organizations like:
– IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).
– ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned
Names and Numbers).
13. Conclusions
• The internet resources management
requires the governments participation
• Governments should jump into this
positive inertia through the Government
Advisory Committee (GAC) of ICANN.
• This is the only way to ensure the most
fundamental for the Internet users in the
world: Stability and Interoperability.
14. Trends in ccTLD’s and models of operation
Oscar Robles
Chairman of the Board
Latin American and Caribbean ccTLDs
Kuala Lumpur 23.07.2004
