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UTILITARIANISM
BTVTE AT 3A
Boyet Rabis
Dave Baloloy
What is your GREATEST
HAPPINESS?
John Stuart Mill was an English
philosopher, political
economist, Member of
Parliament, and civil servant.
He was born May 20, 1806, in
Pentonville, London, United
States, and Died May 17, 1873,
at Avignon France.
Among economists, he’s best
known for his 1848 work,
Principles of Political Economy,
which became a leading
economic textbook for decades
after its publication. Other
significant books include On
John Stuart Mill
Jeremy Bentham was an English
philosopher, jurist, and social
reformer regarded as the founder
of modern utilitarianism.
Bentham defined the
“fundamental axiom” of his
philosophy as the principle that
“it is the greatest happiness of
the greatest number that is the
measure of right and wrong.” He
was born on February 15, 1748, in
Houndsditch London, United
Kingdom. He died June 6, 1832,
in Westminster London, United
Kingdom. Bentham today is
considered the “Father of
Jeremy Bentham
James Mill
homeschooled John
Stuart on the
Benthamite
doctored, which
essentially states
that it is the
greatest happiness
of the number that
is the measure of
right and wrong.
◦ John Stuart Mill
(1806-1873), is
considered by many
to be the
most influential. His
utilitarian theory of
morality is a
development and
clarification of the
earlier form of the
theory authored by
Jeremy Bentham
(1748-1832) and
In Mill’s Ethics, actions are
understood as right with
respect to their capacity to
promote happiness and wrong
when they tend to promote
the opposite of happiness.
Happiness, as defined by Mill,
is Pleasure and the absence
of pain, while unhappiness is
pain or the absence of
pleasure . For him, The
Principle of Utility or the
Greatest Happiness Principle
Mill’s ethics Objectors point to the
fact that it is a doctrine
suited for the followers of
the Ancient Greek
Philosopher Epicurus (
341-270 B.C. ) who
thought that the purpose
of philosophy is to attain
happiness and tranquility
in life. He believed that
Happiness corresponds to
Ataraxia and Aponia,
peace and freedom from
fear and the absence of
He believes that happiness
corresponds to ataranza and
aponia, the peace and
freedom from fear and the
absence of pain, respectively.
As opposed to deontological
theories of morality like
Kant’s, which emphasize the
motivation of duty, and virtue
ethics, which emphasize the
character of agents,
utilitarianism judges actions
based on the quality and
quantity of pleasure they are
ACT UTILITARIANISM
An Action is right if and only
if it produces the greatest
balance of pleasure over pain
for the greatest number.
(Jeremy Bentham)
RULE UTILITARIANISM
An action is right if and only
if it conforms to a set of rules
the general acceptance of
which would produce the
greatest balance of pleasure
over pain for the greatest
number.
To the Objection that
Happiness is
Unattainable
There are some who
object to Mill’s
proposition by saying
that happiness is
unattainable. Many
things such as
disease, and failure
Replies to Objections
Through experiment
the trolley
problem
A runaway trolley is
heading down the
tracks toward five
workers who will be
killed if the trolley
proceeds on its
present course.
To the Objection that
social concern is a rare
motive for action
The last objection Mill
with in his treatise is the
objection relating to the
question of whether
have a society in mind
whenever they choose a
course of action. For Mill, a
distinction must be made
between the motives and
the consequences of one’s
To the objection that
utilitarian morality is
incompatible with
self-sacrifice
Another objection to
Mill’s theory is that it
does not recognize
the value of self-
sacrifice. Mill
answers this
objection by saying
that utilitarianism
does recognize the
Although external
sanctions like those
that emanate from
social and supernatural
sources enforce the
utilitarian principle,
they do not compel one
to fellow it
According to Milol, it is
man’s feel for
humanity’ that
constitutes the
ultimate sanctions
sanction of the
principle of utility. This
is the internal sanction
of the principle of
utility.
The Ultimate Sanction
Ultimately, according
to Mill, it is
man’s “feelings for
humanity” that
constitutes the
ultimate sanction of
the principle of utility.
This is the internal
sanction of the
principle of utility.
One of the external
sanctions that provide the
impetus for moral conduct
is one’s fear of
displeasing God (if one
believes in a God). A
believer’s moral compass is
oftentimes determined by
his/her desire to please
his/her creator, for he/she
feels that he/she owes him
this much, seeing as he is
THANK You po

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uti1.pptxmNN

  • 1. UTILITARIANISM BTVTE AT 3A Boyet Rabis Dave Baloloy
  • 2. What is your GREATEST HAPPINESS?
  • 3. John Stuart Mill was an English philosopher, political economist, Member of Parliament, and civil servant. He was born May 20, 1806, in Pentonville, London, United States, and Died May 17, 1873, at Avignon France. Among economists, he’s best known for his 1848 work, Principles of Political Economy, which became a leading economic textbook for decades after its publication. Other significant books include On John Stuart Mill
  • 4. Jeremy Bentham was an English philosopher, jurist, and social reformer regarded as the founder of modern utilitarianism. Bentham defined the “fundamental axiom” of his philosophy as the principle that “it is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong.” He was born on February 15, 1748, in Houndsditch London, United Kingdom. He died June 6, 1832, in Westminster London, United Kingdom. Bentham today is considered the “Father of Jeremy Bentham
  • 5. James Mill homeschooled John Stuart on the Benthamite doctored, which essentially states that it is the greatest happiness of the number that is the measure of right and wrong. ◦ John Stuart Mill (1806-1873), is considered by many to be the most influential. His utilitarian theory of morality is a development and clarification of the earlier form of the theory authored by Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) and
  • 6. In Mill’s Ethics, actions are understood as right with respect to their capacity to promote happiness and wrong when they tend to promote the opposite of happiness. Happiness, as defined by Mill, is Pleasure and the absence of pain, while unhappiness is pain or the absence of pleasure . For him, The Principle of Utility or the Greatest Happiness Principle Mill’s ethics Objectors point to the fact that it is a doctrine suited for the followers of the Ancient Greek Philosopher Epicurus ( 341-270 B.C. ) who thought that the purpose of philosophy is to attain happiness and tranquility in life. He believed that Happiness corresponds to Ataraxia and Aponia, peace and freedom from fear and the absence of
  • 7. He believes that happiness corresponds to ataranza and aponia, the peace and freedom from fear and the absence of pain, respectively. As opposed to deontological theories of morality like Kant’s, which emphasize the motivation of duty, and virtue ethics, which emphasize the character of agents, utilitarianism judges actions based on the quality and quantity of pleasure they are ACT UTILITARIANISM An Action is right if and only if it produces the greatest balance of pleasure over pain for the greatest number. (Jeremy Bentham) RULE UTILITARIANISM An action is right if and only if it conforms to a set of rules the general acceptance of which would produce the greatest balance of pleasure over pain for the greatest number.
  • 8. To the Objection that Happiness is Unattainable There are some who object to Mill’s proposition by saying that happiness is unattainable. Many things such as disease, and failure Replies to Objections Through experiment the trolley problem A runaway trolley is heading down the tracks toward five workers who will be killed if the trolley proceeds on its present course.
  • 9. To the Objection that social concern is a rare motive for action The last objection Mill with in his treatise is the objection relating to the question of whether have a society in mind whenever they choose a course of action. For Mill, a distinction must be made between the motives and the consequences of one’s To the objection that utilitarian morality is incompatible with self-sacrifice Another objection to Mill’s theory is that it does not recognize the value of self- sacrifice. Mill answers this objection by saying that utilitarianism does recognize the
  • 10. Although external sanctions like those that emanate from social and supernatural sources enforce the utilitarian principle, they do not compel one to fellow it According to Milol, it is man’s feel for humanity’ that constitutes the ultimate sanctions sanction of the principle of utility. This is the internal sanction of the principle of utility. The Ultimate Sanction
  • 11. Ultimately, according to Mill, it is man’s “feelings for humanity” that constitutes the ultimate sanction of the principle of utility. This is the internal sanction of the principle of utility. One of the external sanctions that provide the impetus for moral conduct is one’s fear of displeasing God (if one believes in a God). A believer’s moral compass is oftentimes determined by his/her desire to please his/her creator, for he/she feels that he/she owes him this much, seeing as he is