Esteban Lara's Interactive Lecture on Compositional fundamentals

1. 1. Title of Lecture: Diagnosing the
Fundamental Constituents of an
essay
Unit Topic: Essay Writing
Grade Level: 9-10
Class: English Compositional Writing
101
Mr. Esteban Lara
Interactive Lecture Presentation

2. Educational Hook
• Create a K-W-L chart by drawing three lines on a piece of
paper. On this piece of paper, label each of the following
sections: what you know(K), what you want to know (W), and
what you have learned (L).
• First, give me examples of what you think the parts of an essay
are and include them in the K portion of your K-W-L chart.
• In a think-pair share technique, discuss with your partners on
you think an essay.

3. Graphic/Table Organizer
What do you know about
the basic parts of the
story?
What do you want to
know about the basic
constituents of the story?
What have you learned?

4. Educational Hook
• Before we begin our lecture, write in the W portion of your K-
W-L chart and tell us what you think you know and want to
know about the fundamental parts of an essay.
• In addition, respond in your journals to the following question:
Why do you think essays are important if not everyone reads?
Are essays necessary in society? why or why not?

5. Lecture Objectives and CA
Content Standards
Content Objectives
•(CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.9-10.6)-
Use technology, including the
internet, to produce, publish, and
update individual or shared writing
products, taking advantage of
technology’s capacity to link to other
information and to display
information flexibly and
dynamically.
•(CCSS.ELA.LITERACY.RL.9-10.2)
- Determine a theme or central idea
of a text and analyze in detail its
development over the course of the
text, including how it emerges and is
shaped and refined by specific
details; provide an objective
summary.
Lecture Objectives
•Students will classify the
constituents of an essay to express
an idea, message, or theme
effectively.
•Students will identify the
fundamental components of
compositional writing to enhance
their writing skills.
•Students will analyze arguments
to reinforce their proficiency of
essay structure.

6. Progress Monitoring Questions
When you discuss with your partner about the fundamentals, respond to the
following question: “Why do you think articles and essays are important in society?

7. Parts of an
Article/Essay
• Introduction
• Thesis
• Topic Sentence
• Evidence
• Concluding Sentence
• Conclusion
• (Additional items)
• Diction
• Themes
• Inferences
Introduction
Topic Sentence
Analysis
Conclusion
sentence
Evidence
Body
Paragraph 1
Conclusion
Body
Paragraph
2

8. Introduction
• Introduction- tells reader what you will discuss. In other words, the introduction is a preview of
what the author will convey in an article or essay
• Article example: “Anticipation for Captain Marvel as the key to defeating Thanos began with a
tease. In the post-credits stinger for Avengers: Infinity War, released a year ago this weekend,
Samuel L. Jackson’s Nick Fury, moments from being disappeared by the villain’s universe-
cleaving snap, uses a pager to summon a new ally.The Marvel fandom immediately wondered
how Captain Marvel might swing the tide against the Mad Titan, and why the MCU had kept
that hero in reserve for so many movies until this crucial moment. Her powers were analyzed,
the comics consulted, any and all clues about her impending appearance consumed, all with the
endgame (sorry) of discerning how she might match up against Thanos, and what advantages
she might bring above and beyond every other MCU hero” (Kram).
• Explain in your own words of where introductions are prevalent in everyday situations. Provide
an instance of introductions might occur. One example is when you bring a friend over to your
house and you present them to a family member, relative, or roommate. P
• With your partner, discuss what do you think is the value of introduction in an essay?

9. Thesis
• Thesis Statement- is the central claim, message, or idea of an essay.
• Common example: In-N-Out has the best burgers in Southern California because they place attention to quality.
• Provide a real-world example in your own words of where an argument might occur. For example, when you
convince your parents to get you a cell phone, a used car, or a spring break trip to Hawaii. What would your
argument be?
• Different types of thesis: 1) Umbrella: As a result of investigating the effects of anxiety on today’s generation,
millennials are more susceptible to the adversities of mental illness than previous generations from excessive
usage of social media. 2) Claim and Rationale: School is important for millennials and Generation Z.
Employers are seeking candidates who obtain a college diploma. 3) List: Marijuana should be legalized because
of money, low crime rates, and less overall corruption.
• What is the purpose of thesis in an essay? Can an essay exist without a thesis? Write in your journals and give
your own opinion on the role of an argument.
• After writing in your journal, talk with your partner and converse with each other about your ideas
• Read the following article and tell me what you think the author’s main argument is? Click on the following
link to read the article.
• https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/04/millennials-are-new-lost-generation/609832/.

10. Structure of a Body Paragraph

11. Topic Sentence
• Topic Sentence: It is the sentence at the beginning of each body
paragraph.
• Article example: “According to several experts I spoke with, a new
civil conflict will look nothing like the first American Civil War. It’s
not likely that clear sides will be drawn up with massive armies of
Americans marching towards each other as drones strike from above. An
insurgency is more likely—a period of sustained and distributed conflict
where non-state actors carry out violence to achieve a political goal.
Several said they believe we’re already in the early stages of one, a
period before large-scale political violence the CIA defines as an
“incipient insurgency” (Gault).
• Why is it necessary to include the topic sentence at the beginning of
each paragraph?
• Write in your e-journals or journals on why you think it is significant. Then
turn to your partner to think over the significance of topic sentences

12. Evidence
• Evidence- present facts, statistics, or data to support an idea, a claim, or an
argument.
• Day-to-Day example- typically in a Jordan-Lebron argument, basketball fanatics use
statistics, facts, and data to decide who is the better basketball player.
• In your notes, provide an example of the evidence that you use when you are discuss
a controversial topic with your friends, cousins, or siblings and how you might use
evidence to convince them on an idea.
• What is your opinion on the role of evidence in an essay? To you, why is evidence
important in an argument? Can an essay effectively demonstrate its point without
evidence? Why or why not?
• Then, in your journal, write 2-3 sentence on where you might employ the use of
evidence in day-to-day situations.

13. Analysis
• Analysis- breaking down a situation into parts, forming those parts together
to form a new idea, and making a judgment of that idea.
• Article example: “But the pizza-box format can offer cooks like Costa and
the Widjojo sisters a little more control over how people enjoy their food,
elevating a take-out meal to an experience” (Makalintal)
• Give a real-life example on analysis.
• One example of analysis is gossip.
• Question: Why do you think analysis is vital in an essay?
• Discuss with your partner.

14. Diction
• Diction- is the words an author intentionally uses to convey an
idea, concept, or message.
• Click on the comment box and read Neil Payne’s “To Beat The
Warriors, You Gotta Draft Like The Warriors (Good Luck with
That).” And think about the type of diction he utilizes in his
article.
• Why do you think diction is important while expressing an idea?
• Discuss with your partner. Afterwards, provide details of your
discussion to the class.

15. Video Clip
• Click on the video link to see how a body paragraph is
constructed.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WJDsV05fIXk

16. Structure of a Body Paragraph
Topic Sentence
Evidence
Commentary
Commentary
Concluding Sentence

17. Progress Monitoring Activity
• What do you know about fundamentals so far?
• In any article, essay, or review you have read, where have you
seen the parts of an essays at work ?
• What if an essay did not have these necessary parts? What
would an essay look like? Would it be considered an essay?
• What role does the fundamental parts of an essay play in the
expression of a singular idea? What is your opinion on this
matter?

18. Transition Words
• What are transition words?
• Real-life example: Signal turns
• Transition words- are phrases or words which shows how the sentence
is connected to the paragraph or essay.
• Some examples: Moreover- to emphasize a particular point; Therefore-
to illustrate cause and effect; Additionally- trying to add a claim or
point
• Read “Millennials Don’t Stand a Chance”- Annie Lowrey again and
provide a list of where you think a transition phrase or sentence may
occur.

19. Themes
• Theme- is the message(s) of the story based on the content of the text or
work.
• Your life is a story. What is a common theme in your life? Write a 50
word entry in your journal. PS: there can be more than one theme in your
life.
• Read “Is the U.S. Already in a New Civil War”— Matthew Gault by
clicking on the link below:
• https://www.vice.com/en/article/qjp48x/is-the-us-already-in-a-new-civil-
war.
• By reading Gault’s article, what do you think are some of the messages
that he conveys throughout the article?

20. Inference
• Inference: analyzing what is not being said based on evidence
that is presented in the essay, article, fictional, or non-fictional
piece.
• Real world example: when a person is angry but they do not tell
you. Where in your life have you seen an example of inference?
• By looking at the following article, what is being implied in the
article, “Is the U.S. already in a new civil war?” In your mind,
what do you think Gault is implying in his article?
• Discuss with your partner.

21. Rhetorical Strategies (Cont.)
• Compare and Contrast: when you see how two topics or things are similar and different to
explain an idea.
• Example: when you have to figure where you will eat, so you compare restaurants.
• Exemplification: giving several examples to validate an idea.
• Example: When we provide several devices to explain how instagram functions
• Cause and Effect: when you illustrate the effects for every action.
• Example: If I run eat marshmallows, then I will have energy.
• Problem and Solution: When authors provide a solution for a problem.
• Example: I propose that Kit-Kat chocolate is the remedy for the prevention of the COVID-19
Virus.

22. Tone (Atitude and Perspective)
• Tone- the general attitude, feelings, and vibe of a story’s
situation. This idea can be manifested through dialogue, word
choice, and diction.
• Read any article that triggers emotions on your phone and write
down in your journal how this article makes you feel.
• Then, discuss with your partner and contemplate about your
experience.
• In what real world situations do we see tone?

23. What is the purpose of a
conclusion?
• Conclusion: to leave the reader with a lasting impression and tell
your reader what they have just learned.
• What role does a conclusion play in an essay?

24. Summative
Assessment/Culminating Activity
(1)
• Draw a concept map where you incorporate components of an essay.
• Then, write in your journals about why you think essays are
important in society? Come up with your own argument and follow
the components of a body paragraph.
• Then, write a conclusion to leave a lasting impression on your views
of an essay.
• After you are done, discuss with a partner why you think essays
provide importance for explaining topic matters and controversial
issues.

25. Summative
Assessment/Culminating Activity
(2)
• Lastly, write on what have you learned about the essay on the L
portion of the K-W-L chart throughout the lesson. In this
portion, write an argument on why think it is essential on what
you have learned and provide evidence from the lecture to
support your idea. Then, conclude with a last statement and give
the readers something to think.
• The L portion should be around 400-500 words.

26. Graphic/Table Organizer
What do you know about
the basic parts of the
story?
What do you want to
know about the basic
constituents of the story?
What have you learned?

27. Works Cited Page
TheCulinaryGeek. “Cheeseburger” 2010, Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/72949902@N00/5076897498. Accessed 8
November 2020.
Gault, Matthew. “Is the U.S. Already in a New Civil War?” Vice, https://www.vice.com/en/article/qjp48x/is-the-us- already-in-a-
new-civil-war. Accessed 31 October 2020.
Kram, Zach. “Marvel’s Power Struggles.” The Ringer, https://www.theringer.com/movies/2019/4/25/18515388/marvel-cinematic-
universe-mcu-avengers-endgame-thanos-captain- marvel-power. Accessed 31 October 2020
Lowrey, Annie. “Millennials Don’t Stand A Chance.” The Atlantic, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/04/millennials-
are-new-lost-generation/609832/. Accessed 31 October 2020.
Makalintal, Bettina. “Pizza Boxes Are Full of More Than Just Slices Now.” Vice, https://www.vice.com/en/article/n7vwn7/pizza-
variety-boxes-are-full-of-more-than-just-slices.Accessed 31 October 2020
Paine, Neil. “To Beat The Warriors, You Gotta Draft Like The Warriors. (Good Luck With That.)” FiveThirtyEight,
https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/to-beat-the-warriors-you-gotta-draft-like-the-warriors-good-luck-with-that/. Accessed 31 October
2020
Rablin, Tyler. “How to Write a Body Paragraph for a Research Paper.” Youtube, Uploaded by Tyler Rablin, 25 February 2020,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WJDsV05fIXk
Schultz, Jaime. “Parts of a paragraph- burger visual.” Pinterest, https://www.pinterest.com/pin/464222674067708334/