Business Driven Technology - Unit 7

1. Business Driven
Technology
Unit 2
Copyright © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Exploring Business
Intelligence

2. Unit Two
O Chapter Six – Valuing Organizational
Information
O Chapter Seven – Storing Organizational
Information – Databases
O Chapter Eight – Accessing
Organizational Information – Data
Warehouse
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3. Chapter 07
Storing Organizational
Information – Databases
7-3

4. LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. Define the fundamental concepts of
the relational database model
2. Evaluate the advantages of the
relational database model
3. Define a database management system and
its relationship to a website
4. Explain why an organization would want to
integrate its databases 7-4

5. Relational Database
Fundamentals
O Information is everywhere in an
organization
O Information is stored in databases
O Database – maintains information
about various types of objects
(inventory), events (transactions),
people (employees), and places
(warehouses)
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6. Relational Database
Fundamentals
O Database models include:
O Hierarchical database model –
information is organized into a
tree-like structure (using
parent/child relationships) in such
a way that it cannot have too many
relationships
O Network database model – a
flexible way of representing objects
and their relationships
O Relational database model –
stores information in the form of
logically related two-dimensional
tables
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7. Entities and Attributes
O Entity – a person, place, thing,
transaction, or event about which
information is stored
O The rows in each table contain the entities
O In Figure 7.1 CUSTOMER includes Dave’s
Sub Shop and Pizza Palace entities
O Attributes (fields, columns) –
characteristics or properties of an entity
class
O The columns in each table contain the
attributes
O In Figure 7.1 attributes for CUSTOMER
include Customer ID, Customer Name,
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8. Keys and Relationships
O Primary keys and foreign keys identify
the various entity classes (tables) in
the database
O Primary key – a field (or group of
fields) that uniquely identifies a given
entity in a table
O Foreign key – a primary key of one
table that appears an attribute in
another table and acts to provide a
logical relationship among the two
tables
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9. Keys and Relationships
7-9

10. Relational Database
Advantages
O Database advantages from a business
perspective include
O Increased flexibility
O Increased scalability and performance
O Reduced information redundancy
O Increased information integrity (quality)
O Increased information security
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11. Increased Flexibility
OA well-designed database should:
O Handle changes quickly and easily
O Provide users with different views
O Have only one physical view
OPhysical view – deals with the
physical storage of information on
a storage device
O Have multiple logical views
OLogical view – focuses on how
users logically access information
7-11

12. Increased Scalability and
Performance
O A database must scale to meet
increased demand, while
maintaining acceptable
performance levels
O Scalability – refers to how well a
system can adapt to increased
demands
O Performance – measures how
quickly a system performs a
certain process or transaction
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13. Reduced Information
Redundancy
O Databases reduce information
redundancy
O Redundancy – the duplication of
information or storing the same
information in multiple places
O Inconsistency is one of the
primary problems with redundant
information
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14. Increase Information Integrity
(Quality)
O Information integrity –
measures the quality of
information
O Integrity constraint – rules that
help ensure the quality of
information
O Relational integrity constraint
O Business-critical integrity
constraint
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15. Increased Information Security
OInformation is an organizational
asset and must be protected
ODatabases offer several security
features including:
O Password – provides authentication
of the user
O Access level – determines who has
access to the different types of
information
O Access control – determines types
of user access, such as read-only
access 7-15

16. Database Management Systems
O Database management systems (DBMS)
– software through which users and
application programs interact with a
database
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17. DATA-DRIVEN WEBSITES
O Data-driven websites – an interactive website kept
constantly updated and relevant to the needs of its
customers through the use of a database
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18. Data-Driven Website Business
Advantages
O Development
O Content Management
O Future Expandability
O Minimizing Human Error
O Cutting Production and Update Costs
O More Efficient
O Improved Stability
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19. Data-Driven Business Intelligence
O BI in a data-driven website
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20. Integrating Information
among Multiple Databases
O Integration – allows separate
systems to communicate directly with
each other
O Forward integration – takes
information entered into a given
system and sends it automatically to
all downstream systems and
processes
O Backward integration – takes
information entered into a given
system and sends it automatically to
all upstream systems and processes
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21. Integrating Information
among Multiple Databases
O Forward integration
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22. Integrating Information
among Multiple Databases
O Backward integration
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23. Integrating Information
among Multiple Databases
O Building a central repository specifically
for integrated information
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24. LEARNING OUTCOME
REVIEW
ONow that you have finished the
chapter please review the learning
outcomes in your text
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