The document discusses new generic top-level domains (gTLDs) and related public policy issues. It provides an overview of the objection and dispute resolution mechanisms for new gTLD applications. Statistics are presented on the number and types of objections filed. The public policy implications of new gTLDs in the health sector are then analyzed, including risks of online counterfeiting and fake online pharmacies. The need for regulation of gTLDs in the health sector to prevent harm is discussed. Involving the World Health Organization in the governance of health-related gTLD registries is proposed as a form of co-regulation.

1. NEW GTLDS AND PUBLIC ORDER
Dr. Emmanuel GILLET
The Polytechnic University of Hong Kong
Faculty of Business
DOMAIN NAMES AND DNS
Comparative, Institutional Perspectives and Recent Developments in the
DNS Governance
14 May 2014, Wednesday, 9:00am – 12:00nn
Hong Kong International Arbitration Center
A CUHK/CFRED Seminar co-organized with ADNDRC

2. v NEW GTLDS AND PUBLIC POLICY
1. New gTLDs
2. Objection and Dispute Resolution
3. Public Policy Matters
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | 2014 Emmanuel GILLET

3. 1. New gTLDs
v NEW GTLDS AND PUBLIC POLICY
.天主教 .AMAZON .欧莱
雅 .ACADEMY .ARAB .ARMY .ART .BABY .BIBLE .BIO
.BOOK .CATHOLIC .CHURCH .CLOUD .DOCTOR .DOG.
EPSON .FAN .FEDEX .FILM .FOOD .GALLERY .GAY
.GIFT .HERMES .ISLAM .LEGAL .LOL .HEALTH .HOME
.HOSPITAL .MED .MEDICAL .MENU .OMEGA .ORGANIC .
PARIS .PARTY .PFIZER .PHARMACY .RECIPIES .SHOP
.TOKYO .WEIBO etc.
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | 2014 Emmanuel GILLET

4. 2. Objection and Dispute Resolution. An Overview
Dispute Resolution Mechanism Object Dispute Resolution Mechanism
String Confusion Objections Existing TLD
International Center for Dispute
Resolution
Legal Rights Objections Prior Rights
WIPO Arbitration and Mediation
Center
Limited Public Interest Objections Public Interest
International Center of Expertise of
the ICC
Community Objections
Community
Interest
Community objection
v NEW GTLDS AND PUBLIC POLICY
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | 2014 Emmanuel GILLET

5. 2. Objection and Dispute Resolution. An Overview
Independent Objector (IO)
Acting solely in the best interests of global Internet users
The can lodge objections on the grounds of:
Limited Public interest Objections
Community objections
In cases where no other objection has been filed.
Professor Alain PELLET serves as the
Independent Objector.
v NEW GTLDS AND PUBLIC POLICY
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | 2014 Emmanuel GILLET

6. 2. Objection and Dispute Resolution. Statistics
v NEW GTLDS AND PUBLIC POLICY
Source: ICANN (5 May 2014)
Active applications 1397
Proceedings 267
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | 2014 Emmanuel GILLET

7. 2. Objection and Dispute Resolution. Statistics.
v NEW GTLDS AND PUBLIC POLICY
Community,
104
LRO, 69
Public
interest, 23
String
confusion, 76 Total number of
objections
272
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | 2014 Emmanuel GILLET

8. 2. Objection and Dispute Resolution. Statistics.
v NEW GTLDS AND PUBLIC POLICY
Objection
rejected, 59
Upheld, 1Upheld with
dissenting
opinoin, 3
Total number of
Legal Right
Objections
63
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | 2014 Emmanuel GILLET

9. 2. Objection and Dispute Resolution. Statistics.
v NEW GTLDS AND PUBLIC POLICY
Total number of
Community
Objections
47
Objector, 15
Withdraw, 30
In Progress, 2
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | 2014 Emmanuel GILLET

10. 2. Objection and Dispute Resolution. Statistics.
v NEW GTLDS AND PUBLIC POLICY
Total number of
String Confusion
Objections
67
Terminated, 3
Objector, 12
Withdraw, 6
Applicant, 46
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | 2014 Emmanuel GILLET

11. 2. Objection and Dispute Resolution. Statistics.
v NEW GTLDS AND PUBLIC POLICY
Total number of
Public Interest
Objections
23
In progress, 11
Applicant, 9
Withdraw, 1
Objector, 1
Objector with
dissenting
opinion, 1
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | 2014 Emmanuel GILLET

12. 2. Objection and Dispute Resolution. Statistics.
v NEW GTLDS AND PUBLIC POLICY
Total number of
objections lodged
by the IO
36
Community,
13
Public Interest,
23
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | 2014 Emmanuel GILLET

13. 3. The Public Policy Matters
v NEW GTLDS AND PUBLIC POLICY
.天主教 .AMAZON .欧莱
雅 .ACADEMY .ARAB .ARMY .ART .BABY .BIBLE .BIO
.BOOK .CATHOLIC .CHURCH .CLOUD .DOCTOR .DOG.
EPSON .FAN .FEDEX .FILM .FOOD .GALLERY .GAY
.GIFT .HERMES .ISLAM .LEGAL .LOL .HEALTH .HOME
.HOSPITAL .MED .MEDICAL .MENU .OMEGA .ORGANIC .
PARIS .PARTY .PFIZER .PHARMACY .RECIPIES .SHOP
.TOKYO .WEIBO etc.
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | 2014 Emmanuel GILLET

14. 3. The Public Policy Matters > Community
v NEW GTLDS AND PUBLIC POLICY
.天主教 .AMAZON .欧莱
雅 .ACADEMY .ARAB .ARMY .ART .BABY .BIBLE .BIO
.BOOK .CATHOLIC .CHURCH .CLOUD .DOCTOR .DOG.
EPSON .FAN .FEDEX .FILM .FOOD .GALLERY .GAY
.GIFT .HERMES .ISLAM .LEGAL .LOL .HEALTH .HOME
.HOSPITAL .MED .MEDICAL .MENU .OMEGA .ORGANIC .
PARIS .PARTY .PFIZER .PHARMACY .RECIPIES .SHOP
.TOKYO .WEIBO etc.
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | 2014 Emmanuel GILLET

15. 3. The Public Policy Matters > Public Interest
v NEW GTLDS AND PUBLIC POLICY
.天主教 .AMAZON .欧莱
雅 .ACADEMY .ARAB .ARMY .ART .BABY .BIBLE .BIO
.BOOK .CATHOLIC .CHURCH .CLOUD .DOCTOR .DOG.
EPSON .FAN .FEDEX .FILM .FOOD .GALLERY .GAY
.GIFT .HERMES .ISLAM .LEGAL .LOL .HEALTH .HOME
.HOSPITAL .MED .MEDICAL .MENU .OMEGA .ORGANIC .
PARIS .PARTY .PFIZER .PHARMACY .RECIPIES .SHOP
.TOKYO .WEIBO etc.
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | 2014 Emmanuel GILLET

16. 3. The Public Policy Matters > Public Interest > Health Sector
v NEW GTLDS AND PUBLIC POLICY
.天主教 .AMAZON .欧莱
雅 .ACADEMY .ARAB .ARMY .ART .BABY .BIBLE .BIO
.BOOK .CATHOLIC .CHURCH .CLOUD .DOCTOR .DOG.
EPSON .FAN .FEDEX .FILM .FOOD .GALLERY .GAY
.GIFT .HERMES .ISLAM .LEGAL .LOL .HEALTH .HOME
.HOSPITAL .MED .MEDICAL .MENU .OMEGA .ORGANIC .
PARIS .PARTY .PFIZER .PHARMACY .RECIPIES .SHOP
.TOKYO .WEIBO etc.
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | 2014 Emmanuel GILLET

17. 3. The Public Policy Matters > Public Interest > Health Sector
v NEW GTLDS AND PUBLIC POLICY
Several expert determinations
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | 2014 Emmanuel GILLET

18. 3. The Public Policy Matters > Public Interest > Health Sector
v NEW GTLDS AND PUBLIC POLICY
Dr. Emmanuel GILLET v mail@egillet.com
Sou
Source: ICANN

19. 3. The Public Policy Matters > Public Interest > Health Sector
v NEW GTLDS AND PUBLIC POLICY
Dr. Emmanuel GILLET v mail@egillet.com
Source: ICANN

20. 3. The Public Policy Matters > Public Interest > Health Sector
• Value of the new gTLDs in the health sector
• Health market is constantly growing
• Acceleration with the big data revolution
v NEW GTLDS AND PUBLIC POLICY
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | 2014 Emmanuel GILLET

21. 3. The Public Policy Matters > Public Interest > Health Sector
VALUE ATTRACTS VULTURES
v NEW GTLDS AND PUBLIC POLICY
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | 2014 Emmanuel GILLET

22. 3. The Public Policy Matters > Public Interest > Health Sector
• Risks we must take into consideration
• Online counterfeiting
• Fake pharmacies
• 12 July 2013, French law liberalizing drugs market
• September 2013: 11 fake e-pharmacies (based in Russia)
shut down
• Scamming, identity theft, phishing, etc.
v NEW GTLDS AND PUBLIC POLICY
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | 2014 Emmanuel GILLET

23. 3. The Public Policy Matters > Public Interest > Health Sector
• Risks we must take into consideration
• Online counterfeiting
• Acceleration with the big data revolution
v NEW GTLDS AND PUBLIC POLICY
©Realdanger.co.uk
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | 2014 Emmanuel GILLET

24. 3. The Public Policy Matters > Public Interest > Health Sector
The need for a regulation of the health sector?
v NEW GTLDS AND PUBLIC POLICY
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | 2014 Emmanuel GILLET

25. 3. The Public Policy Matters > Public Interest > Health Sector
• EXP/412/ICANN/29, Prof. Alain Pellet (IO) v. Ruby Pike
• IO: “the applied-for gTLD string is contrary to generally
accepted legal norms relating to morality and public order
that are recognized under principles of international
law” (reference to paragraph 3.5.3. of the Guidebook)
• References to various provisions from international
instruments of law
• “Misuse of the word “hospital” can cause significant harm
to the society”
v NEW GTLDS AND PUBLIC POLICY
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | 2014 Emmanuel GILLET

26. 3. The Public Policy Matters > Public Interest > Health Sector
• EXP/412/ICANN/29, Prof. Alain Pellet (IO) v. Ruby Pike
• Counter-arguments
• Freedom of expression
• WHO Resolution on eHealth standardization and
interoperability: health-related global top-level domain
names in all languages (…) should be operated in a way
that protects public health, including by preventing the
further development of illicit markets of medicines, medical
devices and unauthorized products and services (…)”
• Intended use is not contrary to fundamental norms of
public order and morality” (dissenting opinion)
v NEW GTLDS AND PUBLIC POLICY
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | 2014 Emmanuel GILLET

27. 3. The Public Policy Matters > Public Interest > Health Sector
• EXP/412/ICANN/29, Prof. Alain Pellet (IO) v. Ruby Pike
• Expert determination: Objection justified
v NEW GTLDS AND PUBLIC POLICY
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | 2014 Emmanuel GILLET

28. 3. The Public Policy Matters > Public Interest > Health Sector
The need for a regulation of the health sector?
v NEW GTLDS AND PUBLIC POLICY
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | 2014 Emmanuel GILLET

29. 3. The Public Policy Matters > Public Interest > Health Sector
The need for a regulation of the health sector?
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | 2014 Emmanuel GILLET

30. 3. The Public Policy Matters > Public Interest > Health Sector
Proposition for a co-regulation: to involve the WHO
• As an observer?
• In the board of the registry?
v NEW GTLDS AND PUBLIC POLICY
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | 2014 Emmanuel GILLET

31. Thank you
Emmanuel GILLET, PH D
v
mail@egillet.com
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | 2014 Emmanuel GILLET