2. Latin Literature
Ancient Latin Literature
The genres, other language and literary art forms
Timeline
3. Latin literature, the body of writings in Latin, primarily
produced during the Roman Republic and the Roman
Empire, when Latin was a spoken language.
When Rome fell, Latin remained the literary language of
the western medieval world until it was superseded by the
Romance languages it had generated and by other modern
languages.
After the Renaissance, the writing of Latin was increasingly
confined to the narrow limits of certain ecclesiastical and
academic publications.
4. Literature in Latin began as translation from the Greek,
a fact that conditioned its development. Latin authors
used earlier writers as sources of stock themes and
motifs, at their best using their relationship to tradition
to produce a new species of originality.
They were more distinguished as verbal artists than as
thinkers; the finest of them have a superb command of
concrete detail and vivid illustration.
Their noblest ideal was Humanitas, a blend of culture
and kindliness, approximating the quality of being
“civilized”.
6. Rhetoric and Oratory
History
Biography and Letters
Philosophical and Learned writings
Literary criticism
Fiction
7.
8. c. 185 BC
Plautus and Terence, in the second and third century BC,
create a Roman drama based on Greek originals
9. c. 160 BC
The Roman statesman Cato the Elder writes Origines
('Origins'), a history of Rome which survives only in
fragments
10. 81 BC
Cicero, whose speeches become models of oratory, makes
his first appearance in a Roman court
11. 37 BC
Virgil's reputation is established by his ten Eclogues,
influenced by the Italian countryside in the region of his
birth near Mantua
12. c. 34 BC
Maecenas buys a farm for Horace, in the Sabine hills near
Tivoli - the most fruitful of his many acts of patronage
13. 27 BC
Livy begins writing and publishing his History of Rome, a
task which will occupy him for forty years
14. 23 BC
The first three books of Horace's Odes are published,
written on his Sabine farm
15. c. 20 BC
The excellence of the arts, particularly literature, during
the reign of Augustus Caesar causes it to be remembered as
a golden age of culture
16. c. 20 BC
A collection of witty love poems, entitled Amores, brings
Ovid an early success
17. 19 BC
Virgil dies just after completing the Aeneid, and imperial
command from Augustus Caesar prevents his executor
from destroying the epic
18. 2 c. AD
The Golden Ass. The Metamorphoses of Apuleius —
which St. Augustine referred to as The Golden Ass (Asinus
aureus) — is the only Ancient Roman novel in Latin to
survive in its entirety.
19. 8 AD
The Metamorphoses (Latin: Metamorphōseōn librī: "Books
of Transformations") is a Latin narrative poem by the
Roman poet Ovid, considered his magnum opus.
20. 78 AD
Natural History, or Naturalis Historia by Pliny, is a fascinating
glimpse into the knowledge of the ancient world. Published in the
Roman Empire, this work purports to cover all the knowledge known in
the Roman Empire: astronomy, geography, botany, physiology,
agriculture, mining, sculpture, painting, and more.
21. 98 AD
Tacitus begins his career with two specialized but
influential works of history, one on Britain and the other
on Germany
22. c. 125
Suetonius, librarian to Trajan and personal secretary to
Hadrian, is well placed to research his racy Lives of the
Caesars
23. c. 170
Marcus Aurelius is rare among emperors in writing twelve
books of philosophical Meditations
24. c. 244
Plotinus, moving from Alexandria to Rome, teaches the
influential philosophy later known as Neo-Platonism
25. AD 397-400
Confessions (Latin: Confessiones) is the name of an
autobiographical work, consisting of 13 books, by St. Augustine
of Hippo, written in Latin between AD 397 and 400. The work
outlines St. Augustine's sinful youth and his conversion to
Christianity.
26. c. 525
Boethius, in prison in Pavia and awaiting execution, writes
the Consolation of Philosophy
27. 1509-1511
In Praise of Folly by Desiderius Erasmus
This more modern Latin work was written in the year 1509 by Desiderius
Erasmus, a humanist and Catholic priest from the Netherlands. A
highly religious figure, Erasmus wrote In Praise of Folly as a satirical
work in which vices are celebrated.
28. 1595
The writings of Matteo Ricci introduce Kung Fu Tzu to
Europe under a Latin version of his name - Confucius