3. Causes of Disorder of Pituitary Gland
Mainly of 2 reasons:
• Hyperactivity
• Hypoactivity
4. Disorders of Pituitary Gland
Parts involved Hyperactivity Hypoactivity
Anterior Pituitary 1. Gigantism
2. Acromegaly
3. Cushing’s disease
1. Dwarfism
2. Acromicria
3. Simmond’s disease
Posterior Pituitary Syndrome of
inappropriate
hypersecretion of ADH
(SIADH)
Diabetes insipidus
Anterior and Posterior
Pituitary
……. Dystrophia
adiposogenitalis
5. Gigantism
• Anterior Pituitary disorder characterized by:
Hypersecretion of GH after fusion of epiphysis
with shaft
of bone
• Excess growth of body
• Average height is
approximately 7 – 8 feet
6. Causes of Gigantism
• Hypersecretion of GH in childhood or in
pre – adult
• Tumor of acidophilic cells of Anterior
pituitary what type?
7.
8. Signs and Symptoms
• Huge stature : 7 or 8 feet height
• Hyperglycemia , develop glycosuria ,
pituitary diabetes mellitus
• thick greasy skin
• Separate of small teeth
• Fleshy hands
• Headache due to tumor of pituitary
13. Causes of Acromegaly
• Hypersecretion of GH after fusion of epiphysis with shaft
of bone
• Adenomatous tumor of anterior pituitary involving the
acidophilic cells.
14.
15. Signs and symptoms
Striking features are protrusion of :
• Supraorbital ridges
• Broadening of nose
• Thickening of lips
• Thickening and wrinkles formation on forehead
• Lower jaw (prognathism)
Face with these features called as acromegalic or guerilla face
16. Signs and symptoms
• Kyphosis : enlargement of hands and feet with
bowing spine
• Scalp is thickened and thrown into folds
• Overgrowth of body hair
• Visceral organs are enlarged
17.
18. Signs and symptoms
• Thyroid , parathyroid and adrenal glands shows
hyperactivity
• Hyperglycemia and glucosuria
• Hypertension
• Headache
• Visual disturbance – Bitemporal hemianopia
19.
20.
21.
22. Disorders of Pituitary Gland
Parts involved Hyperactivity Hypoactivity
Anterior Pituitary 1. Gigantism
2. Acromegaly
3. Cushing’s disease
1. Dwarfism
2. Acromicria
3. Simmond’s disease
Posterior Pituitary Syndrome of
inappropriate
hypersecretion of ADH
(SIADH)
Diabetes insipidus
Anterior and Posterior
Pituitary
……. Dystrophia
adiposogenitalis
24. Cause
• Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids mainly cortisol
• Either pituitary origin or adrenal origin
Cushing’s
disease
Cushing’s
syndrome
25. Pituitary origin
• Increased secretion of ACTH leads to hyperplasia
of adrenal cortex therefore, hypersecretion of
glucocorticoids takes place
• ACTH is increased by
• Tumor in pituitary cells ( basophilic cells) which cells?
• Malignant tumor of nonendocrine origin like cancer of
lungs or abdominal viscera
• Hypothalamic disorder causing hypersecretion of
corticotropin releasing hormone
26. Signs and symptoms
1. Disproportionate distribution of body fat results:
• Moon face : Fat accumulation and retention of water
and salt
• Torso : Fat accumulation in chest and abdomen but slim
legs and arms
• Buffalo hump : Fat deposit on the back of neck and
shoulder
• Pot belly : Fat accumulation in upper abdomen
27.
28. 2. Purple striae : Reddish purple stripes on
abdomen due to mainly three reasons:
Stretching of abdominal wall by excess subcutaneous
fat
Rupture of subdermal tissues due to stretching
Deficiency of collagen fibres due to protein depletion
29.
30. 3. Thinning of extremities
4. Thinning of skin and subcutaneous tissues
5. Darkening of skin on neck (aconthosis)
6. Pigmentation of skin
7. Facial redness (facial plethora)
8. Weakening of muscle
31. 9. Facial hair growth ( Hirsutism )
10. Bone resorption leads to osteoporosis
11. Hyperglycemia due to gluconeogeneis leads adrenal
diabetes and glycosuria
12. Hypertension
13. Immunosuppression resulting in susceptibility for
infection
14. Poor healing
32. 1- Increase and decrease of hormone can
lead to Tumors (All of it B9)
2- Can be malignant from metastasis
What is apoplexy ?
