1. CALL (COMPUTER ASSISTED LEARNING
LANGUAGE),THE BEST SOLUTION A NEEDS OF THE
MODERN METHOD IN IMPROVING EDUCATION QUALITY
A JURNAL PAPER
To fulfill and complete the final task of TEFL Subject by
Mr. Johan Supangkat, S. Pd., M. Pd., M. M
In English Department
By
Edi Efriyanto
1288203105
SEKOLAH TINGGI KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN
MUHAMMADIYAH KOTABUMI-LAMPUNG
KOTABUMI
JULY 2014

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ABSTRAK
Edi Efriyanto. 2014. CALL (Computer Assisted Learning Language), Solusi
Terbaik Kebutuhan Akan Metode Modern Dalam Peningkatan Kualitas
Pendidikan. Jurnal, Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Jurusan
Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni, Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu
Pendidikan Muhammadiyah Kotabumi-Lampung. Dosen Pengampu;
Mr. Johan Supangkat, S. Pd., M. Pd., M. M.
Kegiatan belajar dan mengajar adalah dua aktivitas inti dalam menciptakan
generasi penerus bangsa yang berkualitas. Oleh sebab itu, penulis melakukan
penulisan jurnal ini dengan menggunakan berbagai referensi yang berbentuk
informasi online dan juga tertulis. Dalam menulis jurnal ini, penulis
memperhatikan kebutuhan peserta didik dan pendidik akan fasilitas, media ,serta
metode pembelajaran yang lebih modern, serta dapat memenuhi kebutuhan
peningkatan mutu pendidikan. Dalam jurnal ini, penulis menawarkan solusi dalam
mengatasi kebutuhan para pelaku pedidikan tesebut yaitu dengan menggunakan
metode CALL (Computer Assisted Learning Language). Metode yang efektif,
modern,serta biasa digunakan dalam pembelajaran adalah Computer Assisted
Learning Language (CALL). CALL merupakan media yang digunakan untuk
kegiatan belajar yang terorganisir, dimana komputer diintegrasikan dengan
berbagai masalah dalam belajar. Siswa diminta untuk memecahkan masalah
tersebut serta dapat juga mencari jawaban dengan menggunakan komputer dan
juga jawaban diproses secara elekronik, sehingga dalam hitungan detik saja, siswa
telah memperoleh jawaban dari permasalahan. Metode ini juga merangsang
perkembangan intelegensi siswa sesuai dengan kemampuan masing-masing.
Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat dampak serta efek yang sangat
menguntungkan dari penerapan metode CALL ini terhadap kegiatan belajar dan
mengajar dalam rangka pencapaian tujuan pendidikan, yaitu hasil belajar yang
memuaskan serta kualitas pendidikan yang membanggakan.
Key Words: Kebutuhan Pendidikan, Metode Modern, CALL, Efek
Menguntungkan, dan Kualitas Pendidikan.

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ABSTRACT
Edi Efriyanto. 2014.CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning), the best
solution a needs of the modern method in improving education quality .
A Journal Paper, English Education Study Program, Department of
Language and Art Education, Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu
Pendidikan Muhammadiyah Kotabumi-Lampung. Lecturer; Mr. Johan
Supangkat, S. Pd., M. Pd., M. M.
Teaching and learning are two core activities in creating the quality of next
generation. Therefore, the authors conducted this journal writing by using many
reference, there are information in online form and also in writing form too. In
writing this paper, the authors address the needs of learners and educators to
facilities, media, as well as more modern teaching methods, and can meet the
needs of improving the quality of education. In this paper, the authors offer
solutions in addressing the needs of the proficiency level of the education that is
by using CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning). Effective methods,
modern, then can be used in learning is Computer Assisted Language Learning
(CALL). CALL is a medium that is used for learning activities are organized, in
which the computer is integrated with some of problems in learning. Students are
required to solve these problems and can find answers by using computers and
answer processed electronically, so in a matter of seconds, the student has
obtained the answer of the problem/ question. This method also stimulates the
development of the intelligence of students according to their respective
capabilities. It can be concluded that there are impacts and effects that greatly
benefit from the application of this CALL method toward teaching and learning
activities in the achievement of educational goals, namely satisfactory learning
outcomes and the quality of education of the plume.
Key Words: Education Requirements, Modern Methods, CALL, Beneficial
Effects, and the Quality of Education.

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A. INTRODUCTION
The effort prepares the young generation in Indonesia that was
ready for the era of globalization the younger generation should be
prepared as early as possible to get to know the technology and foreign
languages that will support the learning process in the future. With foreign
language-based learning and technology have evolved rapidly in all forms
of their variatives. One method of supporting this technology-based
learning is the method of Computer Assisted language learning (CALL).
This method is a method whose implementation by using the computer as
a tool as well as a foreign language in the delivery of the material to be
taught to students, thus providing reinforcement material as well as
supporting to create a method for provoking deeper understanding of the
material being taught with audio-visual display.
Computer assisted language learning (CALL) is a method of
teaching and learning by using the computer facilities as well as assist in
the delivery of presentation materials that are visually and development in
the process of learning a foreign language.
The use of technology in education outcomes is a part of
educational technology. The use of technology in language teaching
results are well known now and used in education, among others, the use
of teaching aids such as slides, overhead projector, computer and language
laboratories. In connection with the development of computer technology
that can access the Internet, the limitations of learning resources,
information, language recognition, began to be resolved.
In line with the advancement of information technology,
educational institutions, especially institutions of higher education, looks
continue equip themselves with a range of facilities to enable the
"academic community" utilize its telecommunications infrastructure
available to support the quality of learning and giving services to students.
Various facilities are intended, among others, are in the form of
procurement of computer equipment (computer lab), connection to the

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internet, website development, and the last is development of Local Area
Network (LAN).
B. DEFINITION OF THE METHOD CALL (COMPUTER ASSISTED
LANGUAGE LEARNING)
The GLO CALL 2008 International Conference was held by the
Higher Learning Foundation on November 10th – 12th inYogyakarta, a
language institute in Indonesia are using competency-based teaching
methods with a system of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL).
The use of technology in education outcomes is a part of
educational technology. The use of technology in language teaching results
are now well known and used in education, among others, the use of
teaching aids such as slides, overhead projector, computer and language
laboratories. In connection with the development of computer technology
that can access the Internet, the limitations of learning resources,
information, language recognition, began to be resolved.
In line with the advancement of information technology,
educational institutions, especially institutions of higher education, looks
continue equip themselves with a range of facilities to enable the
"academic community" utilize its telecommunications infrastructure
available to support the quality of learning and giving service to students.
Various facilities are intended, among others are in the form of
procurement of computer equipment (computer lab), connection to the
internet, website development, development of Local Area Network
(LAN). The understanding of the CALL method (Computer Assisted
Language Learning) is a method in language teaching and learning using
technology as a means of presentation, aides and interpreters of the
material being taught and are usually incorporated with the use of the
interaction elements and the use of foreign language programs in the
delivery of content.
CALL learning method in accordance with the National Education
Act No. 20 of 2003 Article 45, paragraph 1, which reads that "any
educational institution provides facilities that meet the needs of education

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in accordance with the development and growth of the potential physical,
intellectual, social, emotional and learners obligation. The article implies
that the quality of education in achieving the CALL method integrated
with curriculum, teachers are required conveying equipment learning
through Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure
that is essential to support the learning process in schools. It is also
asserted in the Government Regulation No. 19 of 2005 on National
Education Standards, paragraph 2 of Article 42 which reads "any
educational institution shall have education facilities which include land,
classroom, education, educator space, administrative space, lab space
production unit, cafeteria space, power installations and services, places of
worship, playgrounds, and other places that support the learning process
regularly and ongoing basis. "
To support the learning-based information and communication
technology in learning, there are several theories that support learning by
using technology: (a) Learning Theory of Behavioris (this theory explains
that learning occurs as a result of teachers teaching delivered through or
with the help of the media (tools). (b) Learning Theory of Constructivism
(this theory says that media used as something that gives the possibility of
students actively construct knowledge).
At this time have discovered a new method of language learning
and technology, namely CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning).
According Widyo Nugroho (2005) the application of computer mediated
learning strategies and development through interactive multimedia
teaching materials can be use classically and individually, and then can use
the Internet network.
CALL method is very effective in vocabulary learning in children
by showing an action, the action is usually accompanied by the appropriate
rhythm or related vocabulary. Gail Ellis said teaching children requires
knowledge of developmental differences between children and adolescents
as well as teaching proper expertise, because the attitude of the
professional teacher is by using child focusers That child is able to develop

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a positive self-concept in children through which it can encourage
achievement (Houston, W. Robert, 1998).
CALL (computer assisted language learning) approach is a method
that uses foreign languages learning and computers where technology
(computer) as a tool in delivering useful to reinforce understanding of the
material being studied.
Commonly, the method of Computer Assisted Language Learning
(CALL) is one of the many methods of learning using computer
technology, language initially only be studied with the help of audio and
video had to be developed. CALL teaching method is one form of
innovations in learning whic is students can learn with interactive and
engaging.
Computer Assisted Language Learning is a concept that helps
teachers to learn the materials that have taught to associate with the
application of the language in everyday life through information and
communication technology. Learning to use the CALL method gives a
new view of teaching and learning ways in which to change the paradigm
of teacher-centred learning becomes active student learning (student-
oriented), so the role of the teacher is more geared as a facilitator and
provide information and exchange of reactive information become
proactive response. While the implementation of language learning has a
central and strategic role in the development of intellectual, social, and
students’ emotional support the success of students who are studying all of
sciences, technologies and arts. Therefore, learning to communicate in the
English language learning method with the standard of competence and
basic competences become a compass and grounding systems of CALL
into learning activities and indicators of competence. Competence
supporters in Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) method is
for developing the linguistic competence in the use of grammar and
vocabulary. So that, it can be concluded that the CALL method in learning
the English language has the purpose of building the capacity of
participants students to develop competence in communicating letteration

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informational level, conscious home about the nature and importance of
the English language to enhance the nation's competitiveness in the global
era.
C. PURPOSE COMPUTER ASSISTED LANGUAGE LEARNING
METHOD
Learning using Computer Assisted language learning (CALL)
gives a new view of how to change the paradigm of teaching and learning
where teacher-centred learning into active learners learning (student-
oriented), so the role of the teacher is more geared as a facilitator and
provide information and exchange of information on the reactive to be
proactive respond. In application can also facilitate teachers in delivering
of material during the learning process and provide a deeper understanding
of the material, because in the application of this method is using both
audio media and visual media so as if the students are brought to the field
and are not centred on the theory.
D. BENEFITS OF COMPUTER ASSISTED LANGUAGE LEARNING
METHOD
In the application of Computer Assisted Language Learning
method in the learning process can be seen at: (a) Utilization of media
technology in the delivery of learning materials, (b) Knowledge received
by learners in the learning process, (c) Reactions received by the students
after the delivery of content.
E. ANALYSIS OF CALL METHOD
Indonesian nation's youth at this time should be prepared to global
demand that is increasingly demanding of each individual competent in
competition faces a life, it shall refer to natural selection that will only be
able to compete and have commercial value that can survive. Therefore,
this needs serious attention and can find a way out.
It is undeniable that globalization is one of the factors supporting
the occurrence of natural selection, the human level. It’s one of the aspects
of education, because at any time science will change because a science
will not be eternal because every moment will be broken by the arguments

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or new experiments that can prove to be the truth, because there can be
seen that technology is proportional to the development of science.
With the development of the times do not escape that technology is
also evolving due to technology was the one who raised a civilization, so
things can be connected by us with the world of education. In the world of
education today is not rare anymore a facility harnessing existing
technologies in the learning process and not only that, it can be used as a
tool or medium for the delivery of material by educators. Various ways are
used in the use of technology in education, for examples the use of the
internet, the use of computers as the instructional media, and other
technologies that can support the needs of the learning process to create a
conducive atmosphere of classroom.
With the times also bring education to the method of Computer
Assisted Language Learning or often abbreviated to CALL. The sense of
the CALL method is a method of teaching and its delivery technology is
used as a means of presentation and can assist in the delivery and
interpretation of the material being taught and incorporated elements of
interaction with the use of the program. Through the understanding of the
method CALL can be seen that the delivery method using an intermediary
or medium, so that no escape from the use of technology (computers and
judgments, etc.) so this will make students familiar with the delivery of
teaching materials and are not verballistic (understanding the words). In
other words, students can facilitate the absorption of the material in both
theories have in practice and in the field.
By using CALL method, educators or teachers should also be
asked about their creativity in designing material to be delivered, it is also
very important because it avoids the boredom of the learners in the study,
because generally the students wanted new something.
Although in practice, it takes a great sacrifice in terms of materials,
times, etc, but, we also have to start viewing the results that will be
achieved after created a learning by CALL methods. Ones of which helps
the students to be proactive in learning for every students have high desire

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and can impact on the receipt of information or knowledge beyond
concepts in the classroom because learners accordance with global
demands that learners must be able to operate as well as the utilization of
technology in learning.
F. USE OF MEDIA IN LEARNING
1. Definition Media
The media is a tool that must exist if we are to facilitate something
in the work. The media is a tool that can facilitate the work. Everyone will
want a job that can be completed well made and with excellent results.
Media function according Sadiman (1990:16): (1) clarify the
presentation of the message in order not to be verbal; (2) overcoming the
limitations of space, time and power of the senses; (3) address the passive
attitude of the students; (4) provide the same stimulus, likening the
experience, and give rise to the same perception.
Said media itself comes from the Latin, which is the plural of the
word "medium" which means "introductory or intermediary", so may
mean that the media is a vehicle for chanelling information learned or
dealer message.
Lay Kit Bourne (1985: 82), he states that the use of the media do
not have to bring all of the news packages, students can reasonably
supervise a message. Based on the opinion that it can be connected by
means of delivery of the subject matter of communication is still perceived
irregularities understanding by students. The problem is that too many
students receiving something with verbal knowledge. Moreover, the
learning process does not use the media in which the condition of the
student is not ready, will increase the occurrence of verbal opportunity.
The media that used as a source of learning when viewed from a
literal sense there are also human beings, object, or anything that allows
students to acquire information and knowledge. That is useful for the
students in learning, and how the presence of the ICT-based media, in
particular using the presentation of the power point where the students
have a desire to move forward, and also have high creativity and satisfying

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in their development later. Target media use is that students were able to
creation of something new and able to take advantage of something that
already exists for use with forms and other variations useful in life. Thus
they are easily understood and understanding the subject matter presented
by the teacher to them.
Arief S. Sadiman (1984:6) says that the media "is all the physical
tools to present the message and stimulate students to learn like movies,
books and tapes". RE Clark (1996: 62) states that "the media to Encourage
student afford to invest more in the hearing has along history".
From the view above, it can be said that the media is a tool that
Enable young people to understand and comprehend things easily and can
remember it for a long time in comparison with the delivery of the subject
matter by using face to face way and lectures without tool assistance.
Start from the opinion, it is clear that choosing media is not easy.
Media to be used must consider several provisions on the basis that the use
of the media to be really effective and efficient in order to improve and
clarify students' understanding.
Why should the media in learning? It is the question that often
arises to ask the importance of learning media. We must know before the
abstract and concrete concepts in learning, because the learning process is
essentially the communication process, delivering a message of
introduction to the receiver. Messages in the form of content / teaching
poured into symbols of communication both verbal (words & writing) and
non-verbal, it called as encoding. The interpretation of the communication
symbols by student called decoding.
Sometimes the interpretation is successful, sometimes is not
successful. Failure in understanding what are they heard, read, seen or
observed. Failure or obstacle in the communication process known as
barriers or noise. Too much more abstract verbal comprehension received.
So, where is the media function? It helps us see the cone of learning
diagrams of Edgar Dale, which clearly gives emphasis to the importance of
the media in education:

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In general, the media have utility: (a) Clarify a message that is not
too verbal, (b) overcome the limitations of space, time, effort and power of
the senses. (c) Pose a passion to learn, there are direct interactions between
pupils by learning resources. (d) Allows children learn independently in
accordance with the talents and abilities of visual, auditory and
kinesthetyc. (e) Give the same stimulus, likening the experience and
perceptions of the same pose.
In addition, the contribution of instructional media by Kemp and
Dayton, 1985: (a) Submission learning messages can be standard, (b)
Learning can be more attractive, (c) Learning becomes more interactive by
applying the theory of learning, (d) The implementation of learning time
can be shorten, (e) Learning quality can be improve, (f) Learning process
can take place whenever and wherever needed, (g) Positive attitude of
students towards learning materials and the learning process can be
improve, (h) Role of teachers change student into the positive direction.
The characteristics and capabilities of each media need to be
prepared by the teacher so that they can choose which media in accordance
with the conditions and needs. For example, an audiocassette medium, an
auditory medium that teaches topics such as verbal learning pronunciation
foreign language. For teaching foreign language is quite appropriate
because the media when the media to be given directly without frequent
inaccuracies in the accurate pronunciation of repetition and so on.
Preparation of media including audio tapes easy, it only takes a tape
recorder and speakers who can speak a foreign language, while the
utilization using the same tool as well.
For that, we need to see list of instructional media groups according
to Anderson, 1976 the following: They are: the first is kind of
instructional, it is consist of: (i) audio media ( audio tape (reel or cassette),
audio disc, radio (broadcast recording),etc.), (ii) Print (programmed
textbooks, handbook / manual, task book), (iii) audio – print (equipped
exercise books tapesImage / poster (with audio), (iv) projects visual
silence (movie frame (slide), movie bundle (containing the verbal

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message)), (v) projects with audio visual silence (movie frame (slide)
sound, the chain movie sound), (vi) visual motion (silent movie with the
title (caption), (vii) visual motion with audio (voice movie, video/ vcd /
dvd), (viii) objects (real objects, mock-up), (ix) computer (computer-
based media; CAI (Computer Assisted Instructional) and CMI (Computer
Managed Instructional). The last is classification of media, it is consist of
some elements, they are: (i) the media is not projected (Realia, models,
graphic materials, displays), (ii) the media projected (OHT and Slide) (iii)
audio media (audio cassets, audio vision, active audio vision), (iv) video
media (video), (v) computer-based media Computer Assisted Instructional
(Computer Based Learning), (vi) multimedia devices lab kits , (vii) media
is not projected (reality: real objects used as learning materials, model:
three-dimensional object is a representation of the real object, graphic:
Picture or visual appearance is not projected (Graphs, Charts, Posters,
Cartoon), display: medium whose use installed in a particular place, so that
information and knowledge can be seen on that), (viii) videos media
(Excess of videos media are: to stimulate the effect of motion, can be
sound and colour, does not require special skills in the presentation, dark
room does not require in the presentation. And then the lack of videos
media are: requires special equipment in its presentation, requires power,
requires special skills and teamwork in the making).
2. The characteristics of Multimedia Interactive Learning Program
Programs created with the aim to produce a package of programs
that can provide opportunities for students to browse (download) and
explore it. There are some titles of CD that can be used by teacher enhance
the teaching and learning activities. The characteristics that need to exist in
the Interactive Multimedia Learning Program are as follows: (i) searches
using keywords, (ii) easy to install, (iii) easy to use and easy to understand,
(iv) characteristically flexible, (v) interactive, (vi) cooperative.
3. Based Learning Media Information and Communication Technology
and Its Use

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The use of ICT-based learning media is not an easy thing. In using
the media should pay attention to some of the techniques that were used
media can be utilized to the maximum and do not deviate from the purpose
of the media, in this case the media used is Computer and LCD projector.
Arief S. Sadiman (1996: 83) says that:
In terms of the readiness of the procurement, the media are grouped
into two types, namely the media so as a trade commodity in the
marketplace that are ready for immediate use (media by utilization) and
media design needs to be designed and prepared specially for the
purpose and specific learning objectives.
From the statement above can be considered that the media
Computer and LCD Projector Brazilians media design where its use is
required in the specific design and is designed so that can be utilized.
Hardware (hard ware) which function in inspiring the media is using a
computer unit that complete with LCD projectors Computers as a Learning
Media.
4. Learning Computer Mediated
Currently, many schools are starting to use electronic media such
as television or other teaching tools, including a sophisticated fairly and
popular is the computer. Computer education in the world is not only used
to learn the ins and outs of computers but also as a medium of learning
(instructional). It is based on the potential of computers that can be used
for education. The learning process can be carried out by the computer
media help that has the conveying message function (Bovee, 1997).
Instructional media is a tool that serves to convey the message of learning.
Learning is a process of communication between learners, teachers and
teaching materials. Communication will not run without the help of
conveying a message or media.
The forms of stimulus could be used as a medium of which is the
relationship or human interaction; reality; Motion picture or not; writing
and sound.
Computer technology is an invention that allows for presenting
some or all of the above forms of stimulus that learning a foreign language
would be more optimal. However, problems arise not as easy as imagined.

15. 15
Teacher is the one who has the ability to realize the five forms of the
stimulus in the form of learning. However, most teachers do not have the
ability to bring it to the fifth stimulus program, while computer
programmers are not proficient in computer language learning.
The solution is to realize the stimuli in computer programs by using
software that is easy to learn and thus teachers will realize teaching ideas
easily.
Good instructional media must meet several requirements.
Instructional media should increase learner motivation. The use of the
media has the goal to motivate learners. In addition, the media also should
stimulate learners to remember what they have learned in addition to
providing new learning stimuli. Good media will also enable learners to
provide feedback and encourage students to do the practice correctly.
There are several criteria to assess the effectiveness of a media.
Hubbard proposes nine criteria to vote (Hubbard, 1983). First criteria is the
cost. Cost is be judged by the results that will be achieved with the use of
the media. Another criterion is the availability of support facilities such as
electricity, match the size of the class, conciseness, ability to be changed,
the time and effort to prepare, the effect that, the complexity and the latter
is usability. The more the learning objectives that can be aided by a better
media.
In the learning process, teachers develop specific ways to bear on
the material presented is acceptable. One way is to use the media in
teaching and learning. Media is anything that is used to direct messages
sent from the sender to the receiver so that it can push the mind, feelings,
concerns and interests of students so that the learning process that
condusive can be created. By considering the practicality values that exist
in the media, the role of media use in achieving process learning needs
attention from educators. The task of educators that assist learners in
achieving learning objectives as expected is to choose the appropriate
media to reach those goals.
5. Use of Computers in Teaching

16. 16
Teaching is teaching process by using the computer as a tool or
media to deliver the material of teacher. Commuting can be equipped so
that it can enlarge its function, e.g with a tape recorder, earphones, for
slide and movie projectors. In additional the computer can provide a
variety of other assistances, such as: (a) storing materials that can be
utilized whenever needed, (b) provide information about the various
references and resources as well as audio-visual tools available, (c) give
information about students and teachers, (d) provide information about
student learning outcomes, (e) suggested learning activities required by a
student and assess student work back in time and give new assignments to
be done by student next. So that helps a wide range of possibilities that
computers are useful for education.
6. Computers for teaching management
Computers are used simultaneously by a large number of students
in accordance with their respective purposes or separate tasks and
developed according to the individual brilliance at the same time
interacting with the computer.
7. Use of Multimedia in Education
Multimedia technology is able to give a great impression in the
field of communication and education because it can integrate text,
graphics, animation, audio and video. Multimedia has developed a process
of teaching and learning towards a more dynamic. But more important is
how to use the technology more effectively and can be coming up with
ideas for teaching and learning. The use of multimedia computers in the
teaching and learning process is the goal of improving the quality of
teaching and learning itself.
With the development of multimedia technology, the elements of
video, sound, text and graphics can be stored in Computer Learning
courseware (EAPs) are packaged in a CD.
8. Assessment of use of media in teaching
In his judgment there are several criteria that must be seen from a
media effectiveness. Hubbard proposes nine criteria to vote). First criteria

17. 17
is the cost. Cost is to be judged by the results that will be achieved with the
use of the media. Another criterion is the availability of support facilities
such as electricity, match the size of the class, conciseness, ability to be
changed, the time and effort to prepare, the effect that, the complexity and
the latter is usability. The more the learning objectives that can be aided by
a media that is used the better the media (Hubbard, 1983)
Criteria above are intended for conventional media. Thorn
proposed six criteria for assessing interactive multimedia (Thorn, 1995).
The first assessment criteria is the ease of navigation. A program should be
designed as simple as possible so that learners do not need to learn a
computer language first. The second criteria is the content of cognition,
other criteria are knowledge and information presentation. Both of these
criteria is to assess the content of the program itself, whether the program
has met the learning needs of the learners or not. The fourth criterion is the
integration of media in which the media should integrate aspects and
language skills that must be learned. To attract learners should have a
program that display the artistic aesthetic is also a criterion. The final
assessment criteria are the overall functionality. Programs that are
developed should provide the desired learning by learners. So at the time
of a complete run of a program he would feel had learned something.
G. USE OF COMPUTER APPLICATION IN APPLICATION CALL
METHODS IN LEARNING
(a) Using Microsoft PowerPoint 2000
Microsoft Powerpoint 2000 is a presentation application program
which is a program under the Microsoft Office applications. The biggest
advantage of this program is no need to purchase the software because it is
in the Microsoft Office. So, at the time of installation of Microsoft Office
programs with the program itself will be installed. This will reduce the
burden of learning with computer development barriers as suggested by
Lee. Another advantage of this program is a simple display of icons. Icons
of making the presentation more or less the same as Microsoft Word icons
familiar to most computer users. Users do not have to learn a programming

18. 18
language. With known icons and operator of the program without language
barriers other than learning with computers that can be reduced hanbatan
technical knowledge and theory. Teacher or linguist to create a language
learning program without having to learn a computer language first.
Although the actual application program is a program to create
presentations, but there are facilities that can be used to create learning
language programs. And then, it will produce a program that would be
quite interesting. Another advantage is that the program can be connected
to the Internet.
(b) Improving the Learning Language Skills with
MicrosoftPowerpoint
Development of learning materials, especially listening and reading
can be developed easily with this program. Language learning materials
produced by the application program even this is quite interesting,
especially learning material in the form of a game. (i) Reading (facilities
displays text in the application program allows the creation of reading
skills learning materials easily. Program makers can enter text in the first
slide, then enter the excercise into the second slide and feedback exercises
in the next slide. To beautify the look of reading texts can also be equipped
with a variety of images. If the manufacturer wants to provide a more
authentic learning materials that can be given a website address. Learners
will read the text on the site and then come back to the program and do
exercises there, and then look at the feedback slides). (ii) Listening (with
the facilities that incorporate sound and video learning listening skills have
more choices variation. Programmers can create learning materials with
video or audio. As with the reading of learning materials, exercises and
feedback can be given on different slides. Facility that allows programs
hyperlinks connected to the Internet network will enhance the provision of
learning materials). (iii) Writing and Speaking (limitations of this program
is on the application of feedback in the form of writing. This program does
not have facilities that enable learners to provide feedback in written form
or sound. However, the limitations of the program in providing facilities

19. 19
for sound feedback can be overcome with a combination of learning
strategies, which combine self-learning and pairs. After running a
computer program learners are given the task to interact with other
learners).
Meanwhile, to overcome limitations in the form of writing about
providing feedback can be overcome by using a hyperlink facility. At no
time connecting it with the task of writing a learning program that has the
facility to write like Microsoft Word for example.
Existing facilities above also strongly supports the development of
learning materials in the form of a game. Skills that resembles the game
hangman or mine sweep can be developed with this application program as
well as a game that relies on speed.
Each game is made must of course be adapted to the learning
objectives. Minesweeper game (mine sweep) for example can be used to
facilitate the learning of vocabulary, Indonesian verbs system or learning
prepositions.
In addition to the advantages already mentioned this application
program has some limitations. Its main limitation is that the learner can not
interact directly to post comments or answer questions. Existing facilities
only facilitate a response in the form of options.
However, with these limitations the program still offers enough to
make an easy language learning program with interesting results.
(c) Computer As Giver Information
Computers can assist in providing information about the various
things needed by students or faculty, for example, about every field of
study, but also have certain topics such as matter pollution, urbanization,
population and so on. Such information can be given forms such as audio,
verbal, and audio-visual equipment can also created.
With computers, students and teachers can obtain data or
information on a subject that is being studied or discussed. Individually,
these computers can be used by students to repeat material, broaden and
deepen their knowledge, or obtain new information. How to obtain

20. 20
information from this media is very interesting, especially when
accompanied by pictures or movies.
The purpose of the computer as a learning as: (i) The goal of
cognitive (computers can teach the concepts of rules, principles, steps,
processes, and complex calculations. Computers can also be explained
with a simple concept with the incorporation of audio visual and animated.
Making it suitable for self-learning activities), (ii) For Psychomotor
Objectives (with a form of learning that is packaged in the form of games
and simulations is very good to use to create workplace conditions. Some
examples of programs, among others; aircraft landing simulation,
simulation of war in the most severe terrain, and so on). (iii) For Affective
Objectives ( when a program is designed precisely to give a piece of audio
or video clip that it inspires feelings, learning attitudes / affective can be
done by using computer media.
(d) Advantages and Disadvantages Uses In Education
There are some excess of computer. Heinich et al. (1986)
suggested a number of strengths and also weaknesses in the computer
medium. Computer applications as learning tools provide several
advantages. The computer allows the student to learn according to their
ability and speed in understanding the knowledge and the information
displayed.
The use of computers in the learning process making the student
can take control of their learning activities. The use of computers in
distance education institutions to provide flexibility to the students to
determine the speed of learning and choose a sequence of learning
activities according to the needs. The ability of the computer to resume
information required by the user, which is termed the "patience of the
computer", can help students who have learning speed is slow. In other
words, the computer can create an effective learning climate for students
who are slow (slow learner), but also can boost the effectiveness of student
learning for a faster (fast learner). Besides that, the computer can be

21. 21
programmed to be able to provide feedback on learning outcomes and
provide confirmation (reinforcement) on student achievement.
With the ability to record the learning outcomes of computer users
(record keeping), the computer can be programmed to examine and score
automatically learning outcomes. Computers can also be designed in order
to provide prescriptions or suggestions for students to perform certain
learning activities. This capability results in the computer can be used as a
means for individual learning. Another excess of using computer is the
ability to integrate the components of color, music and graphic animation.
This causes the computer to be able to convey information and knowledge
early with a high level of realism. This had caused the computer program
is often used as a means to carry out learning activities that are
simulations. Furthermore, the memory capacity of a computer owned by
allowing users to resume learning outcomes that have been achieved
previously. The results of this previous study can be used by students as a
basis for further learning activities.
Another advantage of the use of computers in the process of
learning can improve learning outcomes with the use of time and cost is
relatively small. Perfect example of this is a computer simulation program
to conduct experiments on science and technology subjects. The use of
simulation programs can reduce the cost of materials and equipment to
conduct experiments. (Benny A. Personal and Tita Rosita, 2002:11-12).
Besides, there are also some disadvantages of computers.
Furthermore Benny and Tita (2000) provide an explanation. Besides
having a number of advantages, the computer as a means of interactive
communication also has some disadvantages. The first drawback is the
high cost of procuring and developing computer programs, especially
those designed specifically for the purpose of learning. In addition, the
procurement, maintenance, and care that includes computer hardware and
software requires a relatively high cost. Therefore, consideration of costs
and benefits (cost benefit analysis) needs to be done before deciding to use
the computer for educational purposes. Another problem is compatability

22. 22
and incompability between hardware and software. The use of a computer
program usually requires hardware with the appropriate specifications. A
computer software often can not be used on computers that are not the
same specifications. In addition to both of the above, designing and
producing computer-based learning programs (computer based instruction)
is not an easy job. Producing computer program is an intensive activity
that requires a lot of time and special skills.
(e) Use of Computer Network for Learning
Computer network technology/ internet gives a benefit to
communicate with other users directly. This is made possible by the
creation of a tool called a modem. Computer Network/ Internet gives the
possibility for participants to communicate in writing and exchanging
ideas on learning activities that they do. Computer networks can be
designed, so that teachers can communicate with students and students can
learn to interact with other students. Interaction learning by using
computer networks is not only can be done individually, but also to
support group learning activities. Utilization of computer networks in the
distance education system also known as Computer Conferencing System
(CCF). This system is usually done via electronic mail or e-mail. Some
advantages of the use of computer networks in the distance education
system are: to enrich the tutorial models, can solve learning problems
faced by students in a shorter time and to overcome the barriers of space
and time in obtaining the information. CCF gives the possibility for
students and faculty to conduct hands-on learning interactions among
individuals, groups of individuals, and groups with group (Mason, 1994 in
Benny A. Personal and Tita Rosita, 2002:13-14).
(f) Learning Adaptation by Using Computers To Students
Computers can provide a new role for the material. Without a
computer, students can not keep track but computers can adapt to the
student. Adaptation to the student usually means controlling the speed of
student learning but also means that the students can make a choice of
what and how to learn, skipping unnecessary items or doing remedial work

23. 23
on difficult concepts. For example, control that makes students feel more
competent in learning. Students tend to prefer the exercise in which they
have control of the content, such as branching stories, adventures, puzzles
or logic problems. With this, the computer has an interesting role for the
context of the use of language rather than direct language providing.
The explanation of the relationship of the various computers with
learning but here we need to look at the relationship between computers
with instructional goals. As described in the previous paragraphs can be
used via computer terminals which vary according to media plugging and
useful for individual learning, so that students can be shown or placed in a
desired neighborhood with roads connecting the computer to the media to
support the learning process.
(g) Authenticity
Authenticity in the language means the opportunity to interact in
one or more of the four skills (reading, writing, listening, speaking) by
using text or production intended for audiences in the target language, but
it is not a class. Communication with real action, not a made-up of
teachers, students feel empowered and less afraid to contact others.
Students believe that they are better and learn faster with computer-
mediated communication. Moreover, the students learn more about the
culture in the environment. In the computer network environment, students
have a conscious sense of being members of a real community. In a
situation where all learners of a foreign language, there is also a sense of
equality. In these situations students feel less confident and more emphasis
on language learning situation. It works better with synchronous (e.g chat)
because there is an immediate response, but the email exchange has been
shown to provide most of the same advantages in influencing motivation
and students.
(h) Teacher Attitudes toward Learning Technology
Many experts define the attitude that "attitudes are predispositions"
because the attitude is seen as a fundamental variable, which is considered

24. 24
to provide guidance and influence behavior. As with Thurstone et al
(Saparinah Sadil, 1982) suggests that:
“Attitude as an affective level, whether it be positive or negative in
relation to psychological objects. The positive affective happy affective.
Thus the attitude to accept or agree, while negative affect is the
opposite that is the attitude of rejecting or not happy.”
The attitude was, A tendency to make a response in certain ways to
the surrounding world in the form of individuals or specific objects.
Krech and Crutchfield Ballachy (1962) gives the following
definition of the attitude of "Attitude is an enduring system of positive or
negative evaluations, emotional feeling. And pro or con action tendencies
with respect to social objects ".
From the definition above equations one there and not conflicting
with each other and complement each other even explain.
Based on the opinion Ballachy Krech and Crutchfield (1962) that
attitude as a system that is relatively composed of three components,
namely understanding and comprehension (cognition) feelings and a
tendency to act (action tendencies). Each component has a specific
function, but remains the one system that came out as a single unit
(attitude). Components are closely related to cognition and rational
considerations or logical responses to the target or object attitude (agree or
disagree). Affective component related to emotional feelings (good or bad)
on the target, and conastion components are closely related to how the
tendency to act on the target. The third component is what will shape the
attitudes of someone who would be a different attitude and one other
person. Differences person's attitude towards the same object due to
differences in perception / response motivations, desires, and the needs and
goals of a person.
Learning is the creation of learning environments that influence
students to be active in learning (Gagne and Briggs 1979) The heart of
learning is the effort to make students learned (Degeng and Miarso,
1993:2). In this case the teacher holds a central role in the implementation
of learning in school. Therefore, teachers need to find a new breakthrough
that is innovative as reform efforts and improving the quality of learning.

25. 25
One of the most practical efforts in improving the quality of processes and
outcomes of student learning is the application of technology in the
learning process. Lily Rompas (1987:16) argues that:
“Uses a comprehensive educational technology concept, aspects of
the tools and methods that interact with aspects of the software or
hardware as well as software or hardware to solve the problem of macro
and micro is very ideal. One form of the concept of learning
technologies is the use of media as a source of learning and aids in the
learning process.”
Utilization of instructional media is essentially aimed at improving
the efficiency and effectiveness of learning. With the help of the media as
much as possible the students are expected to use the tool senses to
observe, hear, feel, absorb, appreciate, and ultimately possess some
knowledge, attitudes, and skills as a result of learning. Operationally,
teacher is an implemantor that involved in learning process in school that a
teacher is required to have a positive attitude towards learning technology,
especially in the use of media in the learning process. However, in view of
the pitch, the perception attitudes, responses, feelings and teacher
assessment of the technology learning, as well as the use of media in the
learning process is still diverse.
The use of technology in education outcomes is a part of
educational technology. The use of technology in language teaching results
are well known now and used in education, among others, the use of
teaching aids such as slides, overhead projector, computer and language
laboratories. In connection with the development of computer technology
that can access the Internet, the limitations of learning resources,
informations, language recognitions, began to be resolved.
Instructional media is anything that can be used to stimulate
thoughts, feelings, concerns and willingness of students so as to encourage
the learning process on students (Miarso, 1986).
According Gerlak (Achsin 1986) that educational media
calcification in five categories, namely: (i) original objects and human, (ii)

26. 26
images, (iii) objects that are heard, (iv) mold objects; and, (v) the objects
on display.
Media function according Sadiman (1990:16): (1) clarify the
presentation of the message in order not to be verbal; (2) overcoming the
limitations of space, time and power of the senses; (3) address the passive
attitude of the students; (4) provide the same stimulus, likening the
experience, and give rise to the same perception.
Based on the description above can be an understanding that by
utilizing instructional media can improve the effectiveness and efficiency
of the implementation of learning which will ultimately improve student
achievement.
(i) Advantages and Disadvantages of CALL Methods
The advantages of the method of Computer Assisted Language
Learning (CALL) are: (i) The development of the technology skills of
students learning, (ii) Facilitate learners acquire the necessary information,
(iii) Provide an innovation in teaching in the classroom, (iv) The
effectiveness of the teaching process, (v) Material presented will be
quickly digested as it can display the audio-visual.
Next, the disadvantages of Computer Assisted Language Learning
Method (CALL) are: (i) The development of CALL programs cost very
expensive, (ii) Required long time in the provision of facilities and
infrastructure, (iii) Procurement and maintenance of tools are very
expensive.
H. CONCLUSION
The method of Computer Assisted Learning (CALL) is used for
structured learning activities, which are programmed with computer
problems. Students are required to solve the problem or find answers by
using a computer and at that time also answer one key electronic
processing, so that within seconds the student has obtained the answer for

27. 27
a question. This method also stimulates the development of the
intelligence of students according to their respective capabilities.
The continued development of the science and technology in
education also stained with the presence of various kinds of Meia or
technological means that allow its use in achieving educational goals.
With the discovery of methods of Computer Assisted Language
Learning then learning to use technology in learning is expected to achieve
the goals of education. So the achievement sitem conducive teaching in
accordance with the demands of the global CALL method is very
supportive to achieve the objectives of the national education and training
to Achieve insane that know and understand the communications and
information technology.
I. REFERENCES
PresWarschauer, M. (1995) E-mail for Language Teaching: Bringing the
Internet and Computer Learning Networks into the Language
Classroom, Alexandria, Va.: TESOL.
Hoven, D. (1999) ‘A model for listening and viewing comprehension in
multimedia environments’, Language Learning & Technology 3(1): 88–
103.
Coniam, D. (2008) ‘An evaluation of chatbots as software aids to learning
English as a second language’, EuroCALL Review 13. Available online
at http://www.eurocalllanguages. org/news/newsletter/13/ (accessed
June 29th,2014).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-assisted_language_learning,29
april 2014.