Star Rating of Roads to Improve Infrastructure Safety in India: Krishnan Srinivasan, Consultant, The World Bank, India

1. Star ratings of roads to
improve infrastructure
safety in India
Krishnan Srinivasan
Consultant, The World Bank, India
INDIA VISION ZERO 2017
MUMBAI, JUNE 5 2017

2.  DO WE NEED TO IMPROVE SAFETY
ON INDIAN ROADS?
WHY

3. INDIA ACCOUNTS FOR ABOUT 10%
OF THE GLOBAL ROAD FATALITIES
KILLED
INJURED
501,423
CRASHES
IN 2015:
146,133
Source: Road Accidents in India 2015, MORTH, GOI
500,279

4. 5937
79076
52830
4380 3910
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
0-14 15-34 35-64 65 & AboveUnknown
Age
Rapid Motorization
Vehicles up by 3.8x in last 15 years
Rising RT Deaths
While fatalities went up by 80%
Rapid Loss of Young & Productive
INDIA: Road Fatalities in 2015
Source: Road Accidents in India, 2014,
MORTH, GOI

5. Presentation Title
Has adopted the Brasilia
Declaration on Road Safety
Confirmed the goal of halving
road fatalities by 2020 as part
of UN Sustainable Development
Goals adopted in September
2015
GOI’S COMMITMENTS

6.  ARE THE HIGHEST RISK ROADS?
 IS iRAP STAR RATING?
 STAR RATING IS NEEDED FOR INDIA
ROADS TO ACHIEVE SDG GOALS?
WHAT

7. Source: Road Accidents in India, 2015, MORTH, GOI
NATIONAL AND STATE HIGHWAYS
ACCOUNT FOR >60% OF RTI DEATHS
IN 2015, RURAL AREAS
ACCOUNTED FOR:
54% OF ALL ROAD CRASHES
61% OF ALL FATALITIES
59% OF ALL INJURIES
IN 2015, OF ALL FATALITIES, ABOUT:
35% WERE ON NATIONAL
HIGHWAYS
& 28% WERE ON STATE HIGHWAYS
NH & SH COMPRISE JUST 5% OF
TOTAL ROAD NETWORK
IN 2015, 50 CITIES
(WITH POP > 1
MILLION) HAD:
22% OF ALL CRASHES
11% OF ALL FATALITIES
16% OF ALL INJURIES

8.  ARE THE HIGHEST RISK ROADS?
 IS iRAP STAR RATING?
 STAR RATING IS NEEDED FOR INDIA
ROADS TO ACHIEVE SDG GOALS?
WHAT

9.  Road fatalities are largely
avoidable and for large sectors of
the world’s population road
death is the biggest fatality risk
 Road designs that help the
motorist understand what to do
and forgive driver errors when
they happen can eliminate a
large proportion of these
fatalities
 Targeted interventions to
improve existing roads have a
very good economic payback
iRAP GUIDING PRINCIPLES

10. MEASURING SAFETY OF ROADS
Star Rating – Proactive
Traditional Risk mapping -
Reactive
Median type
Operating
Speed
Lane width
Number of
lanes
Paved
shoulders
Roadside
hazards
Horizontal
alignment
Delineation
Road
condition
Intersection
type
iRAP Risk Assessments

11. ROAD USER SPECIFIC MAPS

12. STAR RATING MODEL
Developed by world-leading road
safety research agencies
Simple and objective measure of the
level of safety provided by road
infrastructure
Ability to set minimum safety levels for
each road user type
Use as a performance indicator to
demonstrate reduction in risk

13. STAR RATING PROCESS
Road Survey
Road Coding
Supporting
Data
Detailed
Condition
Report
Star Rating
Scores (SRS)
Star Ratings
Safer Roads
Investment
Plans
Counter-
measure
Generation
Estimated
FSIs
prevented
Economic
Assessment
Detailed
Planning
Star Rating
Designs
Post-
construction
star ratings
Vida Online SoftwareRoad
Inspection
Implementation

14. SAFER ROADS INVESTMENT
PLAN
A plan to improve safety in an affordable way:
Is designed to reduce numbers of deaths and serious
injuries on the surveyed road network
Provides a list of economically viable road safety
countermeasures
Is based on Crash Modification Factors (CMFs) from
latest research

15. ENGINEERING TREATMENTS
Additional Lane
Intersection
Upgrade
Safety Barriers
Pedestrian
Footpath
Length: 5,193 km Sites: 21,219 Length: 9602 km Length: 12,871 km
Investment
INR 84 billion
Investment
INR 40 billion
Investment
INR 22 billion
Investment
INR 26 billion
FSI prevented
223,500
FSI prevented
107,200
FSI prevented
96,000
FSI prevented
53,000
Economic Benefit
INR 189 billion
Economic Benefit
INR 91 billion
Economic Benefit
INR 81 billion
Economic Benefit
INR 45 billion

16. ENGINEERING TREATMENTS
Delineation Bicycle Lane
Pedestrian
Crossing
Traffic Calming
Length: 6,766 km Length: 6,412 km Sites: 16,538 Length: 1,721 km
Investment
INR 2.4 billion
Investment
INR 9.2 billion
Investment
INR 12 billion
Investment
INR 5.6 billion
FSI prevented
41,000
FSI prevented
31,000
FSI prevented
29,600
FSI prevented
27,000
Economic Benefit
INR 35 billion
Economic Benefit
INR 26 billion
Economic Benefit
INR 25 billion
Economic Benefit
INR 23 billion

17. EXAMPLE OF RISK ASSESSMENT
28%
96%
20%
93%
15%
61%
20%
74%
0%
50%
100%
150%
Baseline Design Baseline Design Baseline Design Baseline Design
Vehicle Occupants Motorcyclists Pedestrians Bicyclists
Pedestrian SRS:
SH51 Islamnagar – Bahjoi (Uttar Pradesh)

18.  ARE THE HIGHEST RISK ROADS?
 IS iRAP STAR RATING?
 STAR RATING IS NEEDED FOR INDIA
ROADS TO ACHIEVE SDG GOALS?
WHAT

19. Presentation Title
ROADS SURVEYED IN WB PROJECTS
Assam – 446km
• Design star ratings
for SH3 & SH31
• 10,500km surveyed
between 2010-14
• Potential to prevent
~800,000 deaths and
serious injuries over
the next 20 years
• Upgrades are
completed/ongoing
Andhra Pradesh & Telangana
– 589km
• APRSP 431km
• NHIIP 158km
Gujarat – 2,260km
• GSHP-II
•Baruch to Valia demo corridor
• 581km of design star ratings
Karnataka – 2,200km
• KSHIP
• SCDP SH20 & SH17 min. 3-star
• NHIIP 1,134km
Safer Greener Pilot –
120km
• NH-1 Delhi to Panipat
Rajasthan – 340km
• NHIIP
Kerala– 623km
• KSTP-II
• Results published July ’12
• Construction underway
Uttar Pradesh – 2,018km
• UP Core Road Network
Development Program
Tamil Nadu – 2,007km
• TNRSP-II

20. BASELINE STAR RATINGS
Length Percent Length Percent Length Percent Length Percent
5 Stars 17 0% 4 0% 0 0% 5 0%
4 Stars 343 3% 174 2% 56 1% 61 1%
3 Stars 2214 21% 1654 16% 898 9% 1358 13%
2 Stars 4000 38% 2976 28% 2119 20% 1965 19%
1 Star 3818 37% 5584 53% 6742 65% 5524 53%
Not
Applicable 52 0% 52 0% 629 6% 1531 15%
Totals 10444 100% 10444 100% 10444 100% 10444 100%
Star
Ratings
Vehicle Occupant Motorcyclist Pedestrian Bicyclist

21. KEY ROAD ATTRIBUTES

22. OVER 70% OF ROADS SURVEYED HAVE 1 OR 2 STAR
SAFETY RATING FOR ALL CATEGORIES OF ROAD USERS
 Research indicates that a one star
increase in safety ratings
contributes to a halving of
fatalities
 Analysis indicates that at least
70% of NH/SH in India need to
be at 3-star or above to attain
SDG goals
STAR RATINGS NEEDED FOR
SURVEYED ROADS IN INDIA

23.  CAN IRAP STAR RATING HELP TO
BUILD SAFER INFRASTRUCTURE
 IS WORLD BANK SUPPORTING
BUILDING OF SAFER
INFRASTRUCTURE IN INDIA?
HOW

24. WHEN CAN IRAP BE USED
• Setting targets, such as “roads of national
importance must be at least 4-stars”Policy
• Large-scale risk assessments of existing road
networks
• Guide investment and track risk over time
Network planning
• Assessing safety benefits of road projects (new
roads and road upgrades)
• Developing targeted safety projects
Feasibility/concept
• Assessing risk for design iterations and standard
cross sections, guidance on countermeasure
options and economic assessments
Detailed design
• Post-construction evaluations
• Before and after studies
• Performance tracking
Evaluation

25. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Total FSIs Saved
Total PV of Safety
Benefits
Estimated Cost
Cost per FSI
saved
Program
BCR
805,956
INR 685 billion INR 254 billion INR 314,776
2.7
US$ 11 billion US$ 4.14 billion US$ 5,137
Analysis over 20 years period
Deaths and
Serious Injuries
each year
Before After Prevented
73,885 33,885 40,300 (54%)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Vehicle
Occupant
Motorcyclist Pedestrian Bicyclist
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Vehicle
Occupant
Motorcyclist Pedestrian Bicyclist
Before After

26. STAR RATING ROADS IN URBAN
BUILT AREAS
Survey
methodology
combines road
attribute
information with
local traffic
conditions like
operating speeds
and volume

27. STAR RATINGS INCORPORATING
SPEEDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS
Note: Assumes no intersections

28.  CAN IRAP STAR RATING HELP TO
BUILD SAFER INFRASTRUCTURE
 IS WORLD BANK SUPPORTING
BUILDING OF SAFER
INFRASTRUCTURE IN INDIA?
HOW

29. Presentation Title
Support at the National Level
• Knowledge and technical support to MoRTH on improving
road safety legislation
• iRAP star ratings for Delhi-Mumbai-Chennai sections of
the Golden Quadrilateral (3800 km)
Support at the State Level
• Road Safety Component integral to all road projects
• iRAP surveys of project roads
• Knowledge support in safety management and audit
Support at the City Level
• One of eight implementing agencies of the Bloomberg
Initiative for Global Road Safety in Mumbai, India
WORLD BANK’S INITIATIVES

30. SUPPORTING BLOOMBERG
INITIATIVE FOR GLOBAL ROAD
SAFETY IN MUMBAI
 Implement design recommendations on LBS Marg (10 km)
based on iRAP assessments and benchmark improvements
using IRAP metrics
 Support for iRAP assessments of another 180 km of high-risk,
high-volume roads (10% of roads required to be at 3-star) or
above
 Support on vetting design interventions for 180 km of high-risk,
high-volume roads based on iRAP analysis
 Build client capacity on replicating safety interventions for at
least 70% of city road network in a phased manner

31. IRAP SAFETY ASSESSSMENTS OF
CORRIDORS IN MUMBAI
Name of Road
Assessment
Length, Km
Annie Besant Road 9.5
B R Ambedkar Road 18
Jeejabai Bhosle Marg 8.5
Jogeshwari-Vikhroli Link Road (JVLR) 21.5
New Link Road 27.9
P D Mello Road 13
Santacruze-Chembur Link Road
(SCLR) 12.7
Senapati Bapat Marg 14.3
V N Purav Marg 13
Eastern Express Highway (EEH) 32
LBS Marg (surveyed in 2016) 10
Total 180.4
New Link
Road
JVLR
EEH
LBS
Jeejabai
Bhosle
VN
Purav
PD Mello
BR
Ambedkar
Annie
Besant
Senapati
Bapat
SCLR

32. BASELINE STAR RATING OF LBS MARG
Vehicle Occupant
Motorcyclist
Pedestrian
Bicyclist

33. BASELINE STAR RATING OF LBS
MARG
17.7km is the combined length including both Northbound and Southbound carriageways

34. • Wide footpaths on both
sides
• Buffer/parking zone on
both sides
• Zebra markings with
speed humps (< 5m
from zebra considered
similar to raised
pedestrian crossings)
• Bus stops with better
access
BASELINE AND DESIGN STAR RATINGS
FOR SECTIONS 1, 2 OF LBS MARG
% Length of road with 3-star or better ratings for 45 kmph
46% estimated reduction in fatalities and serious
injuries on the corridor
90% 92% 85% 89%
5%
86%
36%
94%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Baseline Design Baseline Design Baseline Design Baseline Design
Vehicle Occupant Motorcyclist Pedestrian Bicyclist
• Intersection channelization
• Uniform road width (2 or 3
lanes) for smooth flow

35. SCLR – BKC ROAD JUNCTION

36. SCLR – BKC ROAD JUNCTION -
OPTIONS
3-leg signalized intersection
No pedestrian crossing or footpath
Operating speed 50kmph
+ Channelization
+ Delineation
+ Raised pedestrian crossing
+ Footpath
+ Signalized pedestrian
crossing
+ Operating speed reduction
from 50kmph to 45kmph

37. EEH NEAR GHATKOPAR BUS DEPOT

38. EEH NEAR GHATKOPAR BUS DEPOT -
OPTIONS
Highspeed road with 4-lanes in each direction
Hazardous objects (trees/poles) 5m from edge
No pedestrian crossing
Footpath on left side
+ Signalized Pedestrian
Crossing
+ Crash barrier

39. CONCLUDING THOUGHTS
iRAP is an excellent tool to help translate the SDGs into
reality for countries, states and cities
Results could spur investments in road safety management, safer
vehicles, safer users and post-trauma care
Countermeasures must be sensitive to local traffic and user
acceptability
Proper maintenance of the safety features installed
Needs enforcement and speed management
Institutional arrangements critical to mainstream iRAP
Could be combined with road asset management systems
Road asset data collection could include iRAP data
Could be combined with road safety audits

40. We gratefully acknowledge the support of
for this program.

41. Thank you!