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Office Strategy 2014-2018
Children with Disabilities
Contents
I.		 Introduction	3
II.		 Background	7
2.1.		 Guiding Principles	 7
2.2.	 	 Rwanda’s Socio-Economic Context	 11
2.3.	 	 Programmatic Framework	 15
III.		 Key Levels of Interventions	 16
3.1. 		 The Community	 16
3.2. 		 Service Delivery (including facilities)	 17
3.3. 		 Political & Legal Framework	   17
IV.	 	 Coordination	    18
4.1. 		 National Level	  18
4.2. 		 Sub-National Level	   19
4.3.	 	 Internal Coordination: Ability Task Force	 20
V.	 	 Thematic Focus Areas	 21
5.1.	 	 Research & Knowledge Management	 24
5.2.	 	 Advocacy, Communication & Partnerships	 24
5.3.	 	 Programme	 25
5.4.	 	 Environment	 27
6.	 	 Strategic Priorities 2015 – 2018	 29
7.		 References
“Striving to have all children with disabilities
realise their full potential to the best of their ability
through inclusion, participation and accessibility at all levels.
We endeavor to get all people to acknowledge disability
as another face of human diversity!”
Antony Lake, UNICEF Executive Director
Section I, II
Introduction and
Background.
Approximately 650 million
people live with disabilities.
Of these, children represent
more than 90 million.
Children with disabilities
are amongst the most
marginalised and excluded
groups.
Planning for “Children with
Disabilities” is a priority for
the Government of Rwanda.
Human rights fundamentals
are at the centre of planning
and programming for children
with disabilities.
Section III
Key Levels of
Interventions.
This strategy focuses
on three main levels of
interventions.
the Demand side,
(or community),
the Supply side
(or service delivery),
and the Environment
(or political/ legal framework):
Section IV
Co-ordination of Activities.
At national level, two main
government bodies are
responsible to oversee
interventions in favour of
children with disabilities.
The National Council of
Persons with Disabilities
(NCPD), and the National
Commission for Children
(NCC).
In UNICEF, the Ability Task
Force constitutes the main
forum for internal coordination
of UNICEF ‘s interventions
for children with disabilities.
Section V
Thematic Focus Areas
Evidence based information
is necessary in order to
progressively improve the
well-being of children with
disabilities, based on real facts
and needs.
The Programme Cooperation
Agreement Review Committee
(PCARC) will play an important
role in ensuring that all UNICEF
supported projects are clearly
delivering results for children
with disabilities.
Approximately 650 million people live with disabilities. Of these, children represent more than 90 million, with 80% of them coming from
the developing world (WHO, 2012).  Despite great efforts since the institution of the UNCRPD (2006) and its ratification by member
states. Children with disabilities are still facing discrimination and exclusions that cause them difficulties in embracing opportunities for
their full human functioning in society. The limitations associated with the impairment are too often recognised before their potential.
This leads to exclusion and invisibility that exacerbates their vulnerability, with greater exposure to the violation of their rights.
Children with disabilities are amongst the most marginalised and excluded groups, experiencing widespread rights violations.  
They encounter a high level of vulnerability to physical and sexual abuse and neglect in all development settings. The impact
of discrimination against children with disabilities often means they are denied access to basic services and opportunities
such as education, health care, play, family life, participation, adequate standards of living and protection from violence.
According to the World Development Report (2010), there is a close link between disability and poverty.  Persons with disabilities
often have limited access to income. The lack of basic needs such as health care and adequate nutrition exposes individuals
to increased body dysfunction and impairments. Children living in poverty are more likely to experience developmental delays,
than children from higher socio-economic backgrounds, because they are disproportionately exposed to a wide range of risks.
1989
UN Convention on
the Rights of the Child
(1989) ratified.
2008 2011
UN Convention on the
Rights of Persons with
Disabilities ratified.
National Council of
Persons with Disabilities
(NCPD) was established
Children with Disabilities
I. Introduction
When the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Convention on the
Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) in 2006, it reflected a major shift
in addressing disabilities.
Moving towards disability inclusive development, from charity-based to
a rights-based approach. Rwanda ratified the UNCPRPD in 2008 and is
progressing well in placing a legal framework conducive to realisation of the
rights of people with disabilities.  
However, more effort is needed in order to ensure that the rights of children
with disabilities are fulfilled as equally as others.
DID YOU KNOW?
Children living in poverty are disproportionally exposed
to increased risk of disability due to;
	 INADEQUATE NUTRITION.
	 POOR SANITATION.
	 EXPOSURE TO INFECTIONS AND ILLNESSES.
	 LACK OF ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE.
	 INSTITUTIONALISATION.
	 INADEQUATE STIMULATION DURING EARLY CHILDHOOD.
“Just Imagine a World
where all children are
included, involved.
Where their talents
are celebrated, where
their contribution are
recognised.
That’s the World
towards which
UNICEF is working”
- Antony Lake,
UNICEF Executive Director
Protecting the rights of children with disabilities is not a new theme for UNICEF.
It has been an integral part of our programming since the Convention on the Rights
of the Child (CRC). This is the first international treaty to explicitly recognize the
rights of children with disabilities. With the passing of the Convention on the
Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), our work in disability has gained
momentum.
Disability inclusive responses need to consider the increased risk to multi-
dimensional deprivations experienced by children with disabilities.
Responses need to address: (1) reduction of discrimination, (2) improving
accessibility to services, (3) preventing family separation, (4) mitigating
vulnerability of exposure to violence and abuse, (5) increasing national budget
allocation for inclusion.
Planning for “Children with Disabilities” is a priority for the Government of
Rwanda.   In order to adequately support the Government, UNICEF Rwanda
Country Office, established an internal coordination mechanism known as the
“Ability Task Force”, with representation from all sectoral programmes in order to
foster multi sector strategies and coordinate integrated programming for children
with disabilities.
December 03 2013
International Day of
Persons with Disability is
celebrated every year in
Rwanda.
The UNICEF ATF
Ability Task Force was
established
2011 2013
Enactment of Law n°
054/2011 Related to the
rights and protection of
a child:
The First  NCPD
Strategic Plan
2013-2018 developed
On September 10, 2014, the UNICEF Rwanda Country Office organised an Ability Task Force Day Away, to allow members of
the Ability Task Force to reflect on UNICEF’s contribution to the well being of children with disabilities in Rwanda.
The Day Away resulted in the development of a detailed outline with integrated technical input, to elaborate the UNICEF
Rwanda Co Strategy-Vision for children with disabilities (2015-2018).
Guided by the UNICEF Rwanda Country Office principle, “We cannot divide a child”, the strategy for children with disabilities
is structured around four key thematic areas addressing the main issues preventing children with disabilities realizing their full
potential . It indicates goals to be achieved by 2018 with an integrated programming approach.
The thematic areas were identified during the Ability Task Force, Day Away on 10th September, 2014.
The National Population Census, The socio-economic characteristics of people with disabilities, NISR 2012
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of People
with Disabilities (UNCRPD, 2006), the Convention on the
Rights of the Child (CRC, 1989), the World-Fit-for-Children
(WFFC, 2002), and the Convention on the Elimination of
Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW, 1979) are the
main instruments directing this strategy.
Article 7 of the UNCRPD insists on Government responsibility
to protect the rights of children with disabilities, so that they
are able to actively participate in societal life.
Article 23 states clearly, the rights for persons with
disabilities to have a home and be in a family.
The CRC applies to all children, including those living
with a disability. Article 2 highlights the principle of non-
discrimination and explicitly includes disability as a ground
for protection from discrimination.
2.1 Guiding Principles
Article 23 indicates that special effort needs to be deployed
to ensure accessibility for children with disabilities to
education, health and rehabilitation.
In addition, the CEDAW places particular emphasis on
gender sensitive programming for girls with disabilities,
highlighting the increased risk of exploitation and abuse
with associated effects for girls.
Human rights fundamentals are at the centre of planning
and programming for children with disabilities. These
principles highlight that all children have the right to survive
and develop while reaching full potential, regardless of
gender, race, religious beliefs, income, physical attributes,
geographical location or other status.
II.	Background
DID YOU KNOW?
APPROXIMATELY 87,900 CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES
ARE BETWEEN AGE 5 AND 18 YEARS OLD. (NISR, 2012)
HUMAN RIGHTS PRINCIPLES APPLICATION TO PROGRAMMING FOR CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES
Dignity: Children with disabilities are treated with dignity. Cognizance of their potential, they are competent and able to make
decisions, rather than being seen as victims of any impairment.
Equity: Disability is an issue of human rights and poverty. The equity principle does not mean that children with disabilities have
more rights than their peers. It simply points to additional obligations on duty bearers, so that persons with disabilities are able to
take advantage of existing opportunities on an equal basis with others, to realise their full potential.
Participation: Children with disabilities are recognised as equal participants in development processes. Their voices count in
the design of policies and programs. This includes the participation of children with disabilities in ways that are appropriate to age
and capacity.
Diversity: Disability is seen as part of human diversity, instead of being portrayed as “abnormal” or as a “human failure”.
Disability is diverse and belongs to different gender, age, culture, race and origin, religious, educational, socio-economic and family
backgrounds. Persons with disabilities also have different types and degrees of impairment, and these should be taken into account
for programming, decision-making and targeting for special needs.
Respect: People and children with disabilities should always be treated equitably, in ways that every person would want to be
treated. They deserve the right to fully exercise their autonomy. To be recognised and given full consideration and esteem for their
abilities and limitations.  All means should be manifested for their voices to be heard.
Social Model of Disability: This principle stems from the perception that the rights of children with disabilities can be
violated by attitudinal, institutional or environmental barriers that exist in society, rather than by an individuals impairments or any
functional limitations.
Rwanda has made great advances in ensuring that the
rights of persons living with disabilities are protected and
promoted. Notably through the adoption and ratification
of laws and policies, with a specific focus on children with
disabilities.
Rwanda has ratified the Convention on the Rights of the
Child, as well as the Convention on the Rights of Persons with
Disabilities, which stipulates that States should recognize
that children with disabilities have the right to enjoy a full
and decent life with adequate access to services (Art. 23).
At national level, the adoption of the 2003 National Policy
on Disability, as well as the enactment and dissemination of
the Law No. 54/2011 relating to the Rights and Protection of
the Child, have been major milestones.
Under these provisions, children with disabilities are entitled
to special protection from the Government, without being
subjected to any forms of discrimination. The 2011 Integrated
Child Rights Policy and Strategic Plan, further outlines clear
guidance for all interventions related to children across
various thematic areas, with specific provisions for children
living with disabilities.
Sector policies are also gradually including disability in
their provisions. The 2013-2018 national HIV strategic plan
outcome, on reduction of new HIV infections, includes the
development of appropriate IEC materials customised to
each specific category of persons (including children) with
disabilities, as well as sensitization campaigns intended
to reduce stigma and discrimination against persons with
disabilities.
2.2.	 Rwanda’s Socio-Economic Context
DID YOU KNOW?
Despite national efforts to advance the rights of persons with disabilities
in Rwanda, access to appropriate healthcare and adequate education
remains a challenge. While persons with disabilities rate well in gaining
health insurance coverage (Mutuelle de Santé) in Rwanda (85% compared
to a national average of 88%), access to aid and rehabilitative support for
visual, hearing and physical impairments is limited.
The National Population Census,
The socio-economic characteristics of people with disabilities, NISR 2012
NISR (2012): The National Population Census,
The socio-economic characteristics of people with disabilities, Thematic Report, April 2012.
90% OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES
IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DO NOT ATTEND SCHOOL
“Disability doesn’t
define a child,
but ability and
potential do …
Rather than seeing
a burden, let us see
opportunity”
Noala Skinner,
UNICEF Rwanda
The Ministry of Education, through the Rwanda Education Board (REB), has started
the revision of curriculum for inclusive education.
Disparities in the sector between children with disabilities and others are still
significant. Primary net attendance rate for children with disabilities is 68% against
89% for their peers without a disability.
Only 25% of children with disabilities complete the primary cycle, while their
secondary net attendance is 12% versus 22% for children of the same age without
a disability .  
There is a general perception that children with disabilities are often stigmatized and
hidden away in their homes, but the social norms associated to this stigmatization
are not completely known.
Areported general lack of awareness amongst the population and limited information
on the prevalence or incidence of disability in Rwanda remains a challenge for
implementing effective interventions.
“It is high time
that children with
disabilities enjoy the
same rights as other
children.”
Honourable
Dr. Alvera Mukabaramba,
Minister of State,
Ministry of Local Government
The recent 2014 thematic report on the socio-economic characteristics of people
with disabilities in Rwanda, revealed an approximate number of 87,900 of children
with disabilities are between age 5 and 18 years old.
The number of children with disabilities below the age of 5 is not reported.  This
can constitute a significant lost opportunity for early recovery, rehabilitation for
impairments that could be cured or mitigated during early childhood.
Insufficient adequate data and information on children with disabilities triggered
UNICEF Rwanda to consider research and knowledge management as one of the
priorities in the strategy. This would include future investment in data collection
and analysis to identify bottlenecks and address gaps in programming for children
with disabilities.
UNICEF Programme Guidance directs the strategy for
children with disabilities.
ThisincludesChildrenwithDisabilities,EndingDiscrimination
and Promoting Participation, Development and Inclusion
(2007), as well as the UNICEF Strategic Plan 2014 – 2017.
It seeks to adopt context specific strategies to accompany
the Government of Rwanda in addressing existing barriers
to full inclusion of children with disabilities. These barriers
may be attitudes and prejudices of society, policies and
practice, or structures of health, education and other
socio-economic systems, so that any discrimination and
exclusion are systematically addressed through multi-sector
interventions.
The strategy aims to transform systems to be inclusive
of children with disabilities, instead of seeking to include
disability elements into pre-shaped systems that do not
necessarily accommodate the needs of children with
disabilities.
The office strategy is adapted to the child life cycle, to
ensure that issues related to prevention, healthcare and
inclusive education are all tailored to the needs of children
with disabilities as per particular age group.
As is the case for many countries, there are still knowledge
gaps on disability in Rwanda. This strategy will generate
considerable effort, working with the government to generate
data for evidence-based interventions, which will have a
sustainable and positive impact the lives of children with
disabilities.
2.3.	 Programmatic Framework
Interventions at community level, aim to build responsibility and capacity
of communities and families in providing adequate support to children with
disabilities.
Interventions include diagnosis, referral and addressing social norms and social
change, for acceptance of these children and their disability as an aspect of
human diversity.
Empowered families are able to provide adequate care for their children with
disability, with on-going direct support from community outreach workers,
such as health workers and ‘Friends of the Family’ who are good assets for
interventions at community level.
THIS STRATEGY FOCUSES ON THREE MAIN LEVELS
OF INTERVENTIONS.
THE DEMAND SIDE (OR COMMUNITY)
THE SUPPLY SIDE (OR SERVICE DELIVERY)
AND THE ENVIRONMENT (OR POLITICAL / LEGAL FRAMEWORK)
“It is now the right
time to have adequate
coordination of all
interventions to support
children with disabilities.
I call upon all Government
institutions, Civil
Society Organizations,
Development partners,
academia and all other
institutions to mainstream
children with disabilities
into their programming”
Honourable
Dr. Alvera Mukabaramba,
Minister of State,
Ministry of Local Government
III.	Key levels of interventions
3.1. The Community
Empowering families and the community, means there is expectation of increased demand for services, which calls for enhanced
strengthening of systems to deliver adequate services.  Key actions at this level seek for innovations to improve service delivery,
so that children with disabilities and their families are assured equal access to services, information, communication and are
provided with additional appropriate services in response to their specific needs.
Disability sensitive political and legal frameworks are necessary if sustainability is to be achieved.  Advocacy for Inclusion and
Knowledge Management are key to informed decision making and in providing adequate guidance to front-line workers in a
systematic way, to improve the delivery of quality services to children with disabilities.
Considering the selection of these societal structures is not informed by rigorous existing data. A bottleneck analysis will be
prioritized as one of the preliminary activities in the strategy, in order to identify particular factors at each level and to have strong
evidence based plans of action.  
3.2. Service Delivery (including facilities)
3.3. Political & Legal Framework
At national level, two main government bodies are responsible to oversee interventions in favour of children with disabilities. The National
Council of Persons with Disabilities (NCPD), and the National Commission for Children (NCC).
NCPD: To ensure a comprehensive implementation of the above-mentioned laws and policies, the Government of Rwanda instituted the
National Council of Persons with Disabilities in 2011. The Council has a mandate to ensure that the rights of persons with disabilities are
respected, with a specific focus on coordination and advocacy for adequate interventions at all levels.
UNICEF has been working closely with the NCDP to provide support in the development of NCPD’s first Strategic and Operational Plan,
that was launched in November 2013. The strategic objectives of the plan include (i) mobilizing and representing the views of persons
with disabilities, (ii) monitoring the application of laws, (iii) preventing causes of disability (iv) and strengthening networks between key
partners to harmonize initiatives in achieving results for children with disabilities.
NCC: The mandate of the National Commission for Children is to advance child rights and protection by coordinating, implementing,
overseeing and monitoring all child-related interventions implemented in Rwanda. This institution is playing an increasingly crucial role
to ensure that children with disabilities are included in the child protection system under development. The NCC is ensuring that their
rights are realised just as those of other children, avoiding marginalization or discrimination.
In order to effectively maximize the return on investment in favour or children with disabilities and promote to coordination, a National
Partnership for Children with Disabilities (NPcwd) will be established in Rwanda, to ensure that all partners intervening for children with
disabilities are coordinated to work together towards sustainable actions.  The National Partnership will be co-chaired by the NCPD and
NCC. The two institutions will report respectively to the Ministry of Local Government and the Ministry of Gender and Family Promotion.  
4.1. National level
IV.	 Coordination
The NCPD has a representative in each District who is appointed
to represent and safeguard the interests of persons with
disabilities at peripheral level.  
The NCPD representatives will be entrusted to coordinate
with the social workforce at district level, so that children with
disabilities are clearly cared for in the child protection system, at
the decentralized level.
At the sub-district level, a community-based para-professional
workforce is being introduced to include children with disabilities
in its attributions.
The “Friends of the family” or “Inshuti z’Umuryango” will ensure
case management of all vulnerable children, with particular
emphasis on children living with disabilities so that their needs
are catered for.
4.2. Sub-National level“People with
disabilities can also
do what able bodied
people can do”
Emmanuel Ndayisaba,
Executive Secretary for NCPD
In UNICEF, the Ability Task Force constitutes the main
forum for internal coordination of UNICEF ‘s interventions
for children with disabilities. The Ability Task force will
coordinate the implementation of the strategy and will
report to the Country Management Team.
4.3.	Internal Coordination: 		
Ability Task Force
V. Thematic Focus Areas
The office strategy for children with disabilities is grounded on the conviction that all children should be equally valued, as mandated
by the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and the CRC of which the government of Rwanda is signatory.
Rwanda has made significant progress on many Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets including progress on reducing poverty,
maternal mortality, child mortality, under-nutrition, increasing enrolment in primary education and achieving gender parity in education,
as well as increasing access to safe water.
The National Population Census (2012) shows a limited number of children with disabilities have been impacted by this progress.  
There is evidence to suggest that people with disabilities, including children, often lag behind national averages of progress on MDG
targets due to various social, cultural and economic barriers.
In Rwanda as in many developing countries, there is a growing realization that the main constraint faced by children with disabilities is
not the child’s impairment, but rather widespread societal and structural barriers including prejudice and discrimination. Children with
disabilities and their communities would both benefit if the focus is on what those children can achieve, rather than what they cannot.
This office strategy commits to providing adequate support to the Government of Rwanda in making the lives of children with disabilities
more visible. For many children with disabilities, exclusion begins in the first days of life, with their birth going unregistered. Lacking
official recognition, they are cut off from the social services and legal protections that are crucial to their survival and realization of
their potentials.
Children with disabilities are the least likely to receive healthcare or go to school. They are among the most vulnerable to violence,
abuse, exploitation and neglect. Particularly if they are hidden or put in institutions, because of social stigma or the economic cost of
raising them. Children living in poverty are among the least likely to attend their local school or clinic but those who live in poverty with
a disability are even less likely to do so. Gender is a key factor. Girls with disabilities are less likely than boys to receive appropriate
care such as food and other material support.
This strategy acknowledges that much work still needs to be done to fully realise the rights of children with disabilities in Rwanda.
It is henceforth always necessary to recognize that addressing disability calls for a holistic approach in tackling existing bottlenecks
in accessing opportunities.    Therefore, more should be done to foster political will and strengthen systems at all levels so as to put
into practice the most effective actions in preventing disabilities and responding to related special needs for prevailing impairments.  
Data generation is key so as to effectively continue measure the results and have evidence-based responsive plans that maximize the
return on investment for children with disabilities with increased policy revision, public budgeting and effective programme planning
and design of services aimed at improving the lives of children with disabilities at all levels for more effectiveness and sustainability
of interventions.
UNICEF Rwanda shall carry out necessary research in order to understand the situation of children with disabilities for better
prioritization in programming.  Evidence based information is necessary in order to progressively improve the well-being of children
with disabilities, based on real facts and needs.
Monitoring of results for children with disabilities is equally necessary. The inclusion of disability indicators in existing regular
administrative data, as well as periodic surveys and research to improve data generation on children with disabilities, including
evidence-based programme interventions is critical. The Programme Cooperation Agreement Review Committee (PCARC) will play
an important role in ensuring that all UNICEF supported projects are clearly delivering results for children with disabilities.
The Monitoring of Results for Equity System (MoRES) will accompany the entire planning and review process, so that information
on children with disabilities is progressively tracked to inform future direction of efforts and resources and ensure the continuous
reduction of bottlenecks in accessing services.
Assuring equitable access and benefit from health, education, prevention and response to exploitation, abuse and neglect, local
government services, and participation in the community, is UNICEF’s objective for all children including those with disabilities.
Specific approaches include the raising of awareness of child rights. Promoting positive attitudes of parents and communities towards
children with disabilities. Facilitation of inclusion and participation, of children with disabilities in development processes.
5.1.	Research & Knowledge Management
V. Thematic Focus Areas
5.2.	Advocacy, Communication & Partnerships
Programmes and projects will focus on inclusiveness and accessibility for children with disabilities. Disability equality orientation and
refresher training will be provided to stakeholders including UNICEF staff. This will promote attitude and behavioural changes in order
to eliminate discrimination against persons with disabilities by UNICEF staff and within UNICEF’s programmes. Wherever possible,
disability training will be provided by, or in co-operation with organizations of persons with disabilities.  
Partnership: UNICEF shall continue to work alongside the Government of Rwanda, organizations for persons with disability and
other institutions, to ensure long-term and accessible service provision. The Rwanda National Partnership on Children with Disabilities,
shall be strengthened to mainstream disability in policy formulation and implementation in all sectors.  Discussion forums and advocacy
events will be used to raise awareness and improve mainstreaming of disability in national priorities.
Inclusive programming: All UNICEF Rwanda programmes support full, equal and meaningful participation of children and
adults with disabilities, by identifying and removing barriers for participation. Multi-sector programme integration will be the cornerstone
of this strategy for effective programming.
UNICEF Rwanda shall ensure that programmes have adequate capacity to facilitate disability mainstreaming. Where UNICEF works
with local government to provide basic services to a general population in an area, UNICEF shall ensure that persons with disabilities
have equitable access to those services.
5.3.	Programme
Prevention is key to UNICEF work: Through regular programming
in child protection, health, nutrition, and other areas, UNICEF
Rwanda shall promote primary and secondary prevention and
the rehabilitation and mitigation of new disabilities, by mitigating
the main risk factors that can lead to impairments. At the same
time addressing societal facets that inhibit active participation.  
The preventive efforts are combined with a response to special
needs for those children already living with disabilities, so that
they are capable of realizing their full potential.  
Early screening and diagnosis must be linked to the provision of
timely and appropriate support and advice to families, combined
with the design and orientation of a corresponding intervention
plan for more complex problems and for developmental delays.  
The prevention aspect is also around social norms and
discrimination that marginalize children with disabilities. This
includes family separation and any form of exclusion from
enjoying socio-economic opportunities.
Empowered families are able to provide adequate care for
their children with disability, with on-going direct support from
community outreach workers, such as health workers and
‘Friends of the Family’ who are good assets for interventions
at community level.
Inaccessible facilities are a major contributing factor for limited accessibility to
services like education and health.
Universal access, or disability access as appropriate, will be stipulated for all
re/construction and infrastructure works. Persons with disabilities and their
organizations will be involved in the assessment, design, monitoring, and
evaluation of construction projects.
An inaccessible environment can also lead to new disabilities if children are
exposed to the risk of physical injuries.  
This strategy will seek to establish and endorse standards for all UNICEF
supported construction projects such as child-friendly schools, health facilities,
and UNICEF office buildings.  
Job advertisements should always carry a note encouraging persons with
disabilities with desired qualifications to apply to UNICEF.
“We need to work
harder to ensure that
infrastructure and
services support
inclusive, equitable
and sustainable
development for all”
Ban-Ki-Moon,
UN Secretary General
5.4.	Environment
ALL FOUR THEMATIC FOCUS AREAS ARE CROSS-CUTTING AND CONTRIBUTE TOGETHER
FOR IMPROVED EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF STRATEGIC INTERVENTIONS
6.	 Strategic Priorities 2015 -2018
7.	References
1.	 Palab K. et.al (2014): Childhood Disability in Low and Middle Income Countries: Overview of Screening, Prevention, services, legislation and Epidemiology 	
	 Pediatrics Official Journal of the American Journal Academy of Pediatric
2.	 Save the Children (2013): Alternative Care in Emergencies - Toolkit
3.	 United Nations (2006):  Conventions on the Rights of People with Disabilities – UNCRPD
4.	 United Nations (2010): Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children with Disabilities – General Assembly Resolution, A/RES/64/142
5.	 United Nations Development Group (2011): Including the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in United Nations Programming at Country Level.
	 A guidance for Country Teams and Implementing Partners
6.	 United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (2003):Overcoming Exclusion through Inclusive Approaches in Education.
	 A Challenge and a Vision - Conceptual Paper, 2003
7.	 United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (2004): Changing Teaching Practices.
	 Using Curriculum Differentiation to Respond to Students’ Diversity - July, 2004
8.	 United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (2009): Inclusion of Children with Disabilities.
	 The Early Child Imperative – UNESCO Policy Brief on Early Childhood – n° 46/ April – June 2009 / Rev.
9.	 United Nations Children Emergency Fund (1989): Conventions on the Rights of the Child – CRC
10.	 United Nations Children Emergency Fund (2005): Children and Disability in Transition in CEE/CIS and Baltic States:
	 A Discussion Paper- Innocenti Research Center, 2012
11.	 United Nations Children Emergency Fund (2010): At Home or in A Home?
	 Formal Care and Adoption of Children in Eastern Europe and Central Asia – CEE/CIS - Sept, 2010
12.	 United Nations Children Emergency Fund (2011): Children in Informal Alternative Care – Child Protection Section, New York, 2011
13.	 United Nations Children Emergency Fund (2012): Towards an AIDS-FREE Generation.
	 Promoting Community-based Strategies for and with Children and Adolescents with Disabilities
14.	 United Nations Children Emergency Fund (2012): The Rights of Children with Disabilities to Education.
	 A Rights-Based Approach to Inclusive Education – Position Paper, 2012
15.	 United Nations Children Emergency Fund (2013): Children and Young People with Disabilities – Factsheet, May 2013
16.	 World Health Organization (2012): Early Childhood  Development and Disability – A Discussion Paper, 2012
17.	 World Health Organization (2012): Development Difficulties in Early Childhood.
	 Prevention, Early Identification, Assessment and Intervention in Low and Middle Income Countries
18.	 World Bank (2010) : The World Disability Report ….
Copyright © UNICEF Rwanda 2015

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Strategic Plan to Promote Inclusion of Children with Disabilities in Rwanda 2014-2018

  • 2. Contents I. Introduction 3 II. Background 7 2.1. Guiding Principles 7 2.2. Rwanda’s Socio-Economic Context 11 2.3. Programmatic Framework 15 III. Key Levels of Interventions 16 3.1. The Community 16 3.2. Service Delivery (including facilities) 17 3.3. Political & Legal Framework 17 IV. Coordination 18 4.1. National Level 18 4.2. Sub-National Level 19 4.3. Internal Coordination: Ability Task Force 20 V. Thematic Focus Areas 21 5.1. Research & Knowledge Management 24 5.2. Advocacy, Communication & Partnerships 24 5.3. Programme 25 5.4. Environment 27 6. Strategic Priorities 2015 – 2018 29 7. References
  • 3. “Striving to have all children with disabilities realise their full potential to the best of their ability through inclusion, participation and accessibility at all levels. We endeavor to get all people to acknowledge disability as another face of human diversity!” Antony Lake, UNICEF Executive Director Section I, II Introduction and Background. Approximately 650 million people live with disabilities. Of these, children represent more than 90 million. Children with disabilities are amongst the most marginalised and excluded groups. Planning for “Children with Disabilities” is a priority for the Government of Rwanda. Human rights fundamentals are at the centre of planning and programming for children with disabilities. Section III Key Levels of Interventions. This strategy focuses on three main levels of interventions. the Demand side, (or community), the Supply side (or service delivery), and the Environment (or political/ legal framework): Section IV Co-ordination of Activities. At national level, two main government bodies are responsible to oversee interventions in favour of children with disabilities. The National Council of Persons with Disabilities (NCPD), and the National Commission for Children (NCC). In UNICEF, the Ability Task Force constitutes the main forum for internal coordination of UNICEF ‘s interventions for children with disabilities. Section V Thematic Focus Areas Evidence based information is necessary in order to progressively improve the well-being of children with disabilities, based on real facts and needs. The Programme Cooperation Agreement Review Committee (PCARC) will play an important role in ensuring that all UNICEF supported projects are clearly delivering results for children with disabilities.
  • 4. Approximately 650 million people live with disabilities. Of these, children represent more than 90 million, with 80% of them coming from the developing world (WHO, 2012). Despite great efforts since the institution of the UNCRPD (2006) and its ratification by member states. Children with disabilities are still facing discrimination and exclusions that cause them difficulties in embracing opportunities for their full human functioning in society. The limitations associated with the impairment are too often recognised before their potential. This leads to exclusion and invisibility that exacerbates their vulnerability, with greater exposure to the violation of their rights. Children with disabilities are amongst the most marginalised and excluded groups, experiencing widespread rights violations. They encounter a high level of vulnerability to physical and sexual abuse and neglect in all development settings. The impact of discrimination against children with disabilities often means they are denied access to basic services and opportunities such as education, health care, play, family life, participation, adequate standards of living and protection from violence. According to the World Development Report (2010), there is a close link between disability and poverty. Persons with disabilities often have limited access to income. The lack of basic needs such as health care and adequate nutrition exposes individuals to increased body dysfunction and impairments. Children living in poverty are more likely to experience developmental delays, than children from higher socio-economic backgrounds, because they are disproportionately exposed to a wide range of risks. 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) ratified. 2008 2011 UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities ratified. National Council of Persons with Disabilities (NCPD) was established Children with Disabilities I. Introduction
  • 5. When the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) in 2006, it reflected a major shift in addressing disabilities. Moving towards disability inclusive development, from charity-based to a rights-based approach. Rwanda ratified the UNCPRPD in 2008 and is progressing well in placing a legal framework conducive to realisation of the rights of people with disabilities. However, more effort is needed in order to ensure that the rights of children with disabilities are fulfilled as equally as others. DID YOU KNOW? Children living in poverty are disproportionally exposed to increased risk of disability due to; INADEQUATE NUTRITION. POOR SANITATION. EXPOSURE TO INFECTIONS AND ILLNESSES. LACK OF ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE. INSTITUTIONALISATION. INADEQUATE STIMULATION DURING EARLY CHILDHOOD. “Just Imagine a World where all children are included, involved. Where their talents are celebrated, where their contribution are recognised. That’s the World towards which UNICEF is working” - Antony Lake, UNICEF Executive Director
  • 6. Protecting the rights of children with disabilities is not a new theme for UNICEF. It has been an integral part of our programming since the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). This is the first international treaty to explicitly recognize the rights of children with disabilities. With the passing of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), our work in disability has gained momentum. Disability inclusive responses need to consider the increased risk to multi- dimensional deprivations experienced by children with disabilities. Responses need to address: (1) reduction of discrimination, (2) improving accessibility to services, (3) preventing family separation, (4) mitigating vulnerability of exposure to violence and abuse, (5) increasing national budget allocation for inclusion. Planning for “Children with Disabilities” is a priority for the Government of Rwanda. In order to adequately support the Government, UNICEF Rwanda Country Office, established an internal coordination mechanism known as the “Ability Task Force”, with representation from all sectoral programmes in order to foster multi sector strategies and coordinate integrated programming for children with disabilities.
  • 7. December 03 2013 International Day of Persons with Disability is celebrated every year in Rwanda. The UNICEF ATF Ability Task Force was established 2011 2013 Enactment of Law n° 054/2011 Related to the rights and protection of a child: The First NCPD Strategic Plan 2013-2018 developed On September 10, 2014, the UNICEF Rwanda Country Office organised an Ability Task Force Day Away, to allow members of the Ability Task Force to reflect on UNICEF’s contribution to the well being of children with disabilities in Rwanda. The Day Away resulted in the development of a detailed outline with integrated technical input, to elaborate the UNICEF Rwanda Co Strategy-Vision for children with disabilities (2015-2018). Guided by the UNICEF Rwanda Country Office principle, “We cannot divide a child”, the strategy for children with disabilities is structured around four key thematic areas addressing the main issues preventing children with disabilities realizing their full potential . It indicates goals to be achieved by 2018 with an integrated programming approach. The thematic areas were identified during the Ability Task Force, Day Away on 10th September, 2014. The National Population Census, The socio-economic characteristics of people with disabilities, NISR 2012
  • 8. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities (UNCRPD, 2006), the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC, 1989), the World-Fit-for-Children (WFFC, 2002), and the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW, 1979) are the main instruments directing this strategy. Article 7 of the UNCRPD insists on Government responsibility to protect the rights of children with disabilities, so that they are able to actively participate in societal life. Article 23 states clearly, the rights for persons with disabilities to have a home and be in a family. The CRC applies to all children, including those living with a disability. Article 2 highlights the principle of non- discrimination and explicitly includes disability as a ground for protection from discrimination. 2.1 Guiding Principles Article 23 indicates that special effort needs to be deployed to ensure accessibility for children with disabilities to education, health and rehabilitation. In addition, the CEDAW places particular emphasis on gender sensitive programming for girls with disabilities, highlighting the increased risk of exploitation and abuse with associated effects for girls. Human rights fundamentals are at the centre of planning and programming for children with disabilities. These principles highlight that all children have the right to survive and develop while reaching full potential, regardless of gender, race, religious beliefs, income, physical attributes, geographical location or other status. II. Background
  • 9. DID YOU KNOW? APPROXIMATELY 87,900 CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES ARE BETWEEN AGE 5 AND 18 YEARS OLD. (NISR, 2012)
  • 10. HUMAN RIGHTS PRINCIPLES APPLICATION TO PROGRAMMING FOR CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES
  • 11. Dignity: Children with disabilities are treated with dignity. Cognizance of their potential, they are competent and able to make decisions, rather than being seen as victims of any impairment. Equity: Disability is an issue of human rights and poverty. The equity principle does not mean that children with disabilities have more rights than their peers. It simply points to additional obligations on duty bearers, so that persons with disabilities are able to take advantage of existing opportunities on an equal basis with others, to realise their full potential. Participation: Children with disabilities are recognised as equal participants in development processes. Their voices count in the design of policies and programs. This includes the participation of children with disabilities in ways that are appropriate to age and capacity. Diversity: Disability is seen as part of human diversity, instead of being portrayed as “abnormal” or as a “human failure”. Disability is diverse and belongs to different gender, age, culture, race and origin, religious, educational, socio-economic and family backgrounds. Persons with disabilities also have different types and degrees of impairment, and these should be taken into account for programming, decision-making and targeting for special needs. Respect: People and children with disabilities should always be treated equitably, in ways that every person would want to be treated. They deserve the right to fully exercise their autonomy. To be recognised and given full consideration and esteem for their abilities and limitations. All means should be manifested for their voices to be heard. Social Model of Disability: This principle stems from the perception that the rights of children with disabilities can be violated by attitudinal, institutional or environmental barriers that exist in society, rather than by an individuals impairments or any functional limitations.
  • 12. Rwanda has made great advances in ensuring that the rights of persons living with disabilities are protected and promoted. Notably through the adoption and ratification of laws and policies, with a specific focus on children with disabilities. Rwanda has ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child, as well as the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which stipulates that States should recognize that children with disabilities have the right to enjoy a full and decent life with adequate access to services (Art. 23). At national level, the adoption of the 2003 National Policy on Disability, as well as the enactment and dissemination of the Law No. 54/2011 relating to the Rights and Protection of the Child, have been major milestones. Under these provisions, children with disabilities are entitled to special protection from the Government, without being subjected to any forms of discrimination. The 2011 Integrated Child Rights Policy and Strategic Plan, further outlines clear guidance for all interventions related to children across various thematic areas, with specific provisions for children living with disabilities. Sector policies are also gradually including disability in their provisions. The 2013-2018 national HIV strategic plan outcome, on reduction of new HIV infections, includes the development of appropriate IEC materials customised to each specific category of persons (including children) with disabilities, as well as sensitization campaigns intended to reduce stigma and discrimination against persons with disabilities. 2.2. Rwanda’s Socio-Economic Context
  • 13. DID YOU KNOW? Despite national efforts to advance the rights of persons with disabilities in Rwanda, access to appropriate healthcare and adequate education remains a challenge. While persons with disabilities rate well in gaining health insurance coverage (Mutuelle de Santé) in Rwanda (85% compared to a national average of 88%), access to aid and rehabilitative support for visual, hearing and physical impairments is limited. The National Population Census, The socio-economic characteristics of people with disabilities, NISR 2012 NISR (2012): The National Population Census, The socio-economic characteristics of people with disabilities, Thematic Report, April 2012. 90% OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DO NOT ATTEND SCHOOL “Disability doesn’t define a child, but ability and potential do … Rather than seeing a burden, let us see opportunity” Noala Skinner, UNICEF Rwanda
  • 14. The Ministry of Education, through the Rwanda Education Board (REB), has started the revision of curriculum for inclusive education. Disparities in the sector between children with disabilities and others are still significant. Primary net attendance rate for children with disabilities is 68% against 89% for their peers without a disability. Only 25% of children with disabilities complete the primary cycle, while their secondary net attendance is 12% versus 22% for children of the same age without a disability . There is a general perception that children with disabilities are often stigmatized and hidden away in their homes, but the social norms associated to this stigmatization are not completely known. Areported general lack of awareness amongst the population and limited information on the prevalence or incidence of disability in Rwanda remains a challenge for implementing effective interventions. “It is high time that children with disabilities enjoy the same rights as other children.” Honourable Dr. Alvera Mukabaramba, Minister of State, Ministry of Local Government
  • 15. The recent 2014 thematic report on the socio-economic characteristics of people with disabilities in Rwanda, revealed an approximate number of 87,900 of children with disabilities are between age 5 and 18 years old. The number of children with disabilities below the age of 5 is not reported. This can constitute a significant lost opportunity for early recovery, rehabilitation for impairments that could be cured or mitigated during early childhood. Insufficient adequate data and information on children with disabilities triggered UNICEF Rwanda to consider research and knowledge management as one of the priorities in the strategy. This would include future investment in data collection and analysis to identify bottlenecks and address gaps in programming for children with disabilities.
  • 16. UNICEF Programme Guidance directs the strategy for children with disabilities. ThisincludesChildrenwithDisabilities,EndingDiscrimination and Promoting Participation, Development and Inclusion (2007), as well as the UNICEF Strategic Plan 2014 – 2017. It seeks to adopt context specific strategies to accompany the Government of Rwanda in addressing existing barriers to full inclusion of children with disabilities. These barriers may be attitudes and prejudices of society, policies and practice, or structures of health, education and other socio-economic systems, so that any discrimination and exclusion are systematically addressed through multi-sector interventions. The strategy aims to transform systems to be inclusive of children with disabilities, instead of seeking to include disability elements into pre-shaped systems that do not necessarily accommodate the needs of children with disabilities. The office strategy is adapted to the child life cycle, to ensure that issues related to prevention, healthcare and inclusive education are all tailored to the needs of children with disabilities as per particular age group. As is the case for many countries, there are still knowledge gaps on disability in Rwanda. This strategy will generate considerable effort, working with the government to generate data for evidence-based interventions, which will have a sustainable and positive impact the lives of children with disabilities. 2.3. Programmatic Framework
  • 17. Interventions at community level, aim to build responsibility and capacity of communities and families in providing adequate support to children with disabilities. Interventions include diagnosis, referral and addressing social norms and social change, for acceptance of these children and their disability as an aspect of human diversity. Empowered families are able to provide adequate care for their children with disability, with on-going direct support from community outreach workers, such as health workers and ‘Friends of the Family’ who are good assets for interventions at community level. THIS STRATEGY FOCUSES ON THREE MAIN LEVELS OF INTERVENTIONS. THE DEMAND SIDE (OR COMMUNITY) THE SUPPLY SIDE (OR SERVICE DELIVERY) AND THE ENVIRONMENT (OR POLITICAL / LEGAL FRAMEWORK) “It is now the right time to have adequate coordination of all interventions to support children with disabilities. I call upon all Government institutions, Civil Society Organizations, Development partners, academia and all other institutions to mainstream children with disabilities into their programming” Honourable Dr. Alvera Mukabaramba, Minister of State, Ministry of Local Government III. Key levels of interventions 3.1. The Community
  • 18. Empowering families and the community, means there is expectation of increased demand for services, which calls for enhanced strengthening of systems to deliver adequate services. Key actions at this level seek for innovations to improve service delivery, so that children with disabilities and their families are assured equal access to services, information, communication and are provided with additional appropriate services in response to their specific needs. Disability sensitive political and legal frameworks are necessary if sustainability is to be achieved. Advocacy for Inclusion and Knowledge Management are key to informed decision making and in providing adequate guidance to front-line workers in a systematic way, to improve the delivery of quality services to children with disabilities. Considering the selection of these societal structures is not informed by rigorous existing data. A bottleneck analysis will be prioritized as one of the preliminary activities in the strategy, in order to identify particular factors at each level and to have strong evidence based plans of action. 3.2. Service Delivery (including facilities) 3.3. Political & Legal Framework
  • 19. At national level, two main government bodies are responsible to oversee interventions in favour of children with disabilities. The National Council of Persons with Disabilities (NCPD), and the National Commission for Children (NCC). NCPD: To ensure a comprehensive implementation of the above-mentioned laws and policies, the Government of Rwanda instituted the National Council of Persons with Disabilities in 2011. The Council has a mandate to ensure that the rights of persons with disabilities are respected, with a specific focus on coordination and advocacy for adequate interventions at all levels. UNICEF has been working closely with the NCDP to provide support in the development of NCPD’s first Strategic and Operational Plan, that was launched in November 2013. The strategic objectives of the plan include (i) mobilizing and representing the views of persons with disabilities, (ii) monitoring the application of laws, (iii) preventing causes of disability (iv) and strengthening networks between key partners to harmonize initiatives in achieving results for children with disabilities. NCC: The mandate of the National Commission for Children is to advance child rights and protection by coordinating, implementing, overseeing and monitoring all child-related interventions implemented in Rwanda. This institution is playing an increasingly crucial role to ensure that children with disabilities are included in the child protection system under development. The NCC is ensuring that their rights are realised just as those of other children, avoiding marginalization or discrimination. In order to effectively maximize the return on investment in favour or children with disabilities and promote to coordination, a National Partnership for Children with Disabilities (NPcwd) will be established in Rwanda, to ensure that all partners intervening for children with disabilities are coordinated to work together towards sustainable actions. The National Partnership will be co-chaired by the NCPD and NCC. The two institutions will report respectively to the Ministry of Local Government and the Ministry of Gender and Family Promotion. 4.1. National level IV. Coordination
  • 20. The NCPD has a representative in each District who is appointed to represent and safeguard the interests of persons with disabilities at peripheral level. The NCPD representatives will be entrusted to coordinate with the social workforce at district level, so that children with disabilities are clearly cared for in the child protection system, at the decentralized level. At the sub-district level, a community-based para-professional workforce is being introduced to include children with disabilities in its attributions. The “Friends of the family” or “Inshuti z’Umuryango” will ensure case management of all vulnerable children, with particular emphasis on children living with disabilities so that their needs are catered for. 4.2. Sub-National level“People with disabilities can also do what able bodied people can do” Emmanuel Ndayisaba, Executive Secretary for NCPD
  • 21. In UNICEF, the Ability Task Force constitutes the main forum for internal coordination of UNICEF ‘s interventions for children with disabilities. The Ability Task force will coordinate the implementation of the strategy and will report to the Country Management Team. 4.3. Internal Coordination: Ability Task Force
  • 22. V. Thematic Focus Areas The office strategy for children with disabilities is grounded on the conviction that all children should be equally valued, as mandated by the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and the CRC of which the government of Rwanda is signatory. Rwanda has made significant progress on many Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets including progress on reducing poverty, maternal mortality, child mortality, under-nutrition, increasing enrolment in primary education and achieving gender parity in education, as well as increasing access to safe water. The National Population Census (2012) shows a limited number of children with disabilities have been impacted by this progress. There is evidence to suggest that people with disabilities, including children, often lag behind national averages of progress on MDG targets due to various social, cultural and economic barriers. In Rwanda as in many developing countries, there is a growing realization that the main constraint faced by children with disabilities is not the child’s impairment, but rather widespread societal and structural barriers including prejudice and discrimination. Children with disabilities and their communities would both benefit if the focus is on what those children can achieve, rather than what they cannot. This office strategy commits to providing adequate support to the Government of Rwanda in making the lives of children with disabilities more visible. For many children with disabilities, exclusion begins in the first days of life, with their birth going unregistered. Lacking official recognition, they are cut off from the social services and legal protections that are crucial to their survival and realization of their potentials.
  • 23. Children with disabilities are the least likely to receive healthcare or go to school. They are among the most vulnerable to violence, abuse, exploitation and neglect. Particularly if they are hidden or put in institutions, because of social stigma or the economic cost of raising them. Children living in poverty are among the least likely to attend their local school or clinic but those who live in poverty with a disability are even less likely to do so. Gender is a key factor. Girls with disabilities are less likely than boys to receive appropriate care such as food and other material support. This strategy acknowledges that much work still needs to be done to fully realise the rights of children with disabilities in Rwanda. It is henceforth always necessary to recognize that addressing disability calls for a holistic approach in tackling existing bottlenecks in accessing opportunities. Therefore, more should be done to foster political will and strengthen systems at all levels so as to put into practice the most effective actions in preventing disabilities and responding to related special needs for prevailing impairments. Data generation is key so as to effectively continue measure the results and have evidence-based responsive plans that maximize the return on investment for children with disabilities with increased policy revision, public budgeting and effective programme planning and design of services aimed at improving the lives of children with disabilities at all levels for more effectiveness and sustainability of interventions.
  • 24. UNICEF Rwanda shall carry out necessary research in order to understand the situation of children with disabilities for better prioritization in programming. Evidence based information is necessary in order to progressively improve the well-being of children with disabilities, based on real facts and needs. Monitoring of results for children with disabilities is equally necessary. The inclusion of disability indicators in existing regular administrative data, as well as periodic surveys and research to improve data generation on children with disabilities, including evidence-based programme interventions is critical. The Programme Cooperation Agreement Review Committee (PCARC) will play an important role in ensuring that all UNICEF supported projects are clearly delivering results for children with disabilities. The Monitoring of Results for Equity System (MoRES) will accompany the entire planning and review process, so that information on children with disabilities is progressively tracked to inform future direction of efforts and resources and ensure the continuous reduction of bottlenecks in accessing services. Assuring equitable access and benefit from health, education, prevention and response to exploitation, abuse and neglect, local government services, and participation in the community, is UNICEF’s objective for all children including those with disabilities. Specific approaches include the raising of awareness of child rights. Promoting positive attitudes of parents and communities towards children with disabilities. Facilitation of inclusion and participation, of children with disabilities in development processes. 5.1. Research & Knowledge Management V. Thematic Focus Areas 5.2. Advocacy, Communication & Partnerships
  • 25. Programmes and projects will focus on inclusiveness and accessibility for children with disabilities. Disability equality orientation and refresher training will be provided to stakeholders including UNICEF staff. This will promote attitude and behavioural changes in order to eliminate discrimination against persons with disabilities by UNICEF staff and within UNICEF’s programmes. Wherever possible, disability training will be provided by, or in co-operation with organizations of persons with disabilities. Partnership: UNICEF shall continue to work alongside the Government of Rwanda, organizations for persons with disability and other institutions, to ensure long-term and accessible service provision. The Rwanda National Partnership on Children with Disabilities, shall be strengthened to mainstream disability in policy formulation and implementation in all sectors. Discussion forums and advocacy events will be used to raise awareness and improve mainstreaming of disability in national priorities. Inclusive programming: All UNICEF Rwanda programmes support full, equal and meaningful participation of children and adults with disabilities, by identifying and removing barriers for participation. Multi-sector programme integration will be the cornerstone of this strategy for effective programming. UNICEF Rwanda shall ensure that programmes have adequate capacity to facilitate disability mainstreaming. Where UNICEF works with local government to provide basic services to a general population in an area, UNICEF shall ensure that persons with disabilities have equitable access to those services. 5.3. Programme
  • 26. Prevention is key to UNICEF work: Through regular programming in child protection, health, nutrition, and other areas, UNICEF Rwanda shall promote primary and secondary prevention and the rehabilitation and mitigation of new disabilities, by mitigating the main risk factors that can lead to impairments. At the same time addressing societal facets that inhibit active participation. The preventive efforts are combined with a response to special needs for those children already living with disabilities, so that they are capable of realizing their full potential. Early screening and diagnosis must be linked to the provision of timely and appropriate support and advice to families, combined with the design and orientation of a corresponding intervention plan for more complex problems and for developmental delays. The prevention aspect is also around social norms and discrimination that marginalize children with disabilities. This includes family separation and any form of exclusion from enjoying socio-economic opportunities. Empowered families are able to provide adequate care for their children with disability, with on-going direct support from community outreach workers, such as health workers and ‘Friends of the Family’ who are good assets for interventions at community level.
  • 27. Inaccessible facilities are a major contributing factor for limited accessibility to services like education and health. Universal access, or disability access as appropriate, will be stipulated for all re/construction and infrastructure works. Persons with disabilities and their organizations will be involved in the assessment, design, monitoring, and evaluation of construction projects. An inaccessible environment can also lead to new disabilities if children are exposed to the risk of physical injuries. This strategy will seek to establish and endorse standards for all UNICEF supported construction projects such as child-friendly schools, health facilities, and UNICEF office buildings. Job advertisements should always carry a note encouraging persons with disabilities with desired qualifications to apply to UNICEF. “We need to work harder to ensure that infrastructure and services support inclusive, equitable and sustainable development for all” Ban-Ki-Moon, UN Secretary General 5.4. Environment
  • 28. ALL FOUR THEMATIC FOCUS AREAS ARE CROSS-CUTTING AND CONTRIBUTE TOGETHER FOR IMPROVED EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF STRATEGIC INTERVENTIONS
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  • 35. 7. References 1. Palab K. et.al (2014): Childhood Disability in Low and Middle Income Countries: Overview of Screening, Prevention, services, legislation and Epidemiology Pediatrics Official Journal of the American Journal Academy of Pediatric 2. Save the Children (2013): Alternative Care in Emergencies - Toolkit 3. United Nations (2006): Conventions on the Rights of People with Disabilities – UNCRPD 4. United Nations (2010): Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children with Disabilities – General Assembly Resolution, A/RES/64/142 5. United Nations Development Group (2011): Including the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in United Nations Programming at Country Level. A guidance for Country Teams and Implementing Partners 6. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (2003):Overcoming Exclusion through Inclusive Approaches in Education. A Challenge and a Vision - Conceptual Paper, 2003 7. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (2004): Changing Teaching Practices. Using Curriculum Differentiation to Respond to Students’ Diversity - July, 2004 8. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (2009): Inclusion of Children with Disabilities. The Early Child Imperative – UNESCO Policy Brief on Early Childhood – n° 46/ April – June 2009 / Rev. 9. United Nations Children Emergency Fund (1989): Conventions on the Rights of the Child – CRC 10. United Nations Children Emergency Fund (2005): Children and Disability in Transition in CEE/CIS and Baltic States: A Discussion Paper- Innocenti Research Center, 2012 11. United Nations Children Emergency Fund (2010): At Home or in A Home? Formal Care and Adoption of Children in Eastern Europe and Central Asia – CEE/CIS - Sept, 2010 12. United Nations Children Emergency Fund (2011): Children in Informal Alternative Care – Child Protection Section, New York, 2011 13. United Nations Children Emergency Fund (2012): Towards an AIDS-FREE Generation. Promoting Community-based Strategies for and with Children and Adolescents with Disabilities 14. United Nations Children Emergency Fund (2012): The Rights of Children with Disabilities to Education. A Rights-Based Approach to Inclusive Education – Position Paper, 2012 15. United Nations Children Emergency Fund (2013): Children and Young People with Disabilities – Factsheet, May 2013 16. World Health Organization (2012): Early Childhood Development and Disability – A Discussion Paper, 2012 17. World Health Organization (2012): Development Difficulties in Early Childhood. Prevention, Early Identification, Assessment and Intervention in Low and Middle Income Countries 18. World Bank (2010) : The World Disability Report ….
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