This document discusses various topics related to fresh water resources including sources of fresh water like groundwater, lakes, ice/snow, oceans, wetlands and atmosphere. It also discusses issues like water availability, fresh water shortages caused by factors like climate change and increased consumption. Other topics covered are floods, droughts and conflicts over water. The document also discusses dams, their benefits for irrigation, drinking water and navigation, but also environmental problems caused like displacement of people and loss of habitat. It emphasizes conserving water resources through individual actions and responsible usage.

1. Topics to
be
covered
are:
Why water is a
unique source?
What are the
sources of fresh
water?
Water availability
Fresh water
shortage
Floods & Droughts
Conflicts over
water
What are the
benefits and
problems of
DAMS?

2. WHY WATER
IS A UNIQUE
RESOURCE?

3. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY A RESOURCE?
A SOURCE OF SUPPLY,SUPPORT THAT CAN BE READILY USED
WHEN NEEDED.
WATER IS A RARE RESOURCE IN MOST
REGIONS OF THE WORLD.
ALTHOUGH MORE THAN 70% OF THE
EARTH SURFACE IS WATER-COVERED BUT
97% OF THEM ARE SALTWATER WHICH IS
OCEANS, AND SEAS AND ONLY 3% OF
THEM IS DRINKING WATER.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

4. > OUR BODY DEPENDS ON WATER
TO SURVIVE.
> EVERY CELL, TISSUE, AND ORGAN
NEEDS WATER TO WORK PROPERLY
SINCE IT CARRIES NUTRIENTS TO
ALL CELLS IN OUR BODY.

5. WHAT ARE THE
SOURCES OF
FRESHWATER?

6. SOURCES OF
FRESHWATER

7. GROUNDWATER
Groundwater is water in the rock and soil
layer beneath the earth’s surface.
It absorbs excess runoff rain and snow on
the ground.
returns to lakes, streams, and rivers.
it is readily available for use and drinking.

8. LAKES : THESE ARE CREATED
FROM DIFFERENT GEOLOGICAL
EVENTS.
• LAKES GENERATE WATER FROM
COLLECTION OF WATER FROM LOW-
LEVEL AREAS.
GROUNDWATER
RIVERS AND STREAMS
NATURAL OR MAN-MADE DAMS

9. WATER AVAILABILITY

10. ICE AND SNOW
• GLACIERS CONTAIN ALMOST 90% OF
FRESHWATER IN SOLID FORM.
• THEY ARE AT LEAST 2KM THICK.
• THESE SITUATED MOSTLY IN
ANTARCTICA, GREENLAND AND OTHER
SNOW MOUNTAINS.

11. OCEANS
• OCEANS HAS LARGEST AREA AND
VOLUME OF WATER.
• IT CONTAINS MORE THAN 97% OF EARTHS
WATER.
• THESE CAN BE USED AFTER DESALINATED.

12. WETLANDS

13. WETLANDS

14. ATMOSPHERE
• ATMOSPHERE CONTAINS ABOUT 0.001% OF
TOTAL EARTH WATER
• IT IS AROUND 4% OF AIR VOLUME IN THE
ATMOSHPERE.
• MOVEMENT OF WATER THROUGH ATMOSHPERE
PROVIDE MECHANISM FOR DISTRIBUTING
FRESHWATER TO TERRESTRIAL RESERVOIR IN
FORM OF RAIN, SNOW AND HAIL.

15. FRESH WATER
SHORTAGE

16. FRESHWATER
SHORTAGE
• THE MAIN REASON FOR WATER SCARCITY IS
AN INCREASE IN HUMAN CONSUMPTION.
• AS THE POPULATION IS INCREASING WATER
DEMAND IS ALSO INCREASED FOR
INDUSTRIAL USES.
Major Causes Of Water Scarcity
Following are some of the major causes of water
shortage:
• Climate change
• Natural calamities such as droughts and floods
• Increased human consumption
• Overuse and wastage of water
• A global rise in freshwater demand

17. FLOODS &
DROUGHTS
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

18. FLOODS
• WHAT ARE FLOODS?
• Floods are the most frequent type
of natural disaster and occur
when an overflow of water
submerges land that is usually dry
• Floods can happen During
heavy rains, when ocean
waves come onshore when the
snow melts quickly and went
dams leaves break
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

19. DROUGHT
• A drought is an event of prolonged shortages in
the water supply, whether atmospheric, surface
water or ground water.
• Droughts are caused by low precipitation over
an extended period of time.
• Droughts damage agriculture and the food
supplies. Droughts create floods and wildfires.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

20. CONFLICTS OVER
WATER
• Water conflicts occur because
the demand for water resources
and potable water can exceed
the supply.
• It can also lead to shortages
threaten food production and
energy supply and put additional
stress on governments struggling
with poverty and social issues.
Since 2010, there have been 263
notable conflicts over water.
• Therefore water must be used
preciously and not be wasted.

21. BIG DAMS- WHAT ARE THE
BENEFITS AND PROBLEMS?
• Big dams are often regarded as a symbol of national development. However, there are
several other issues and problems related to this.

22. BENEFITS
• River Valley projects with big dams have usually been considered to play a key role in the
development process due to their multiple uses.
• India has the distinction of having the largest number of River Valley projects.
• The tribals living in the area pinned big hopes on these projects as they aim at providing
employment and raising the standard and quality of life.
• The dams have tremendous potential for economic upliftment and growth.
• They provide irrigation water to lower areas, provide drinking water to remote areas and provide
navigation, fishery, etc
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

23. ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
• The upstream and downstream problems include the following :
Displacement of tribal people
Loss of forest, flora, and fauna
Laws of non-forest land
Stagnation and water logging near the reservoir
Growth of aquatic weeds
Microclimatic changes
 flash floods
 saltwater institution at the river mouth
outbreak of vector-borne diseases like malaria
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

24. CONCLUSION AND TIPS
WATER RESOURCES ARE EVERYONE’S CONCERN.
CONSUMPTION OF WATER HAS INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY DUE TO POPULATION
GROWTH.
Increasing water resources start with all of us.
don't let the faucet run while washing hands, dishes, food, or brushing your
teeth.
dispose of used motor oil, household hazardous waste, batteries, etc responsibly.
don't dump anything down a storm sewer that you wouldn't want to drink.
avoid using toxic or hazardous chemicals for simple cleaning or plumbing jobs.
use water sparingly and also use water-conserving appliances.