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1. BACKGROUND PAPER 16 (PHASE II)
An Unsteady Course:
Challenges to Growth in Africa’s
Air Transport Industry
CROSS-COUNTRY ANNEX
Henry Bofinger
JULY 2009

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3. About AICD
This study is a product of the Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic (AICD), a
project designed to expand the world’s knowledge of physical infrastructure in
Africa. AICD will provide a baseline against which future improvements in
infrastructure services can be measured, making it possible to monitor the results
achieved from donor support. It should also provide a better empirical foundation
for prioritizing investments and designing policy reforms in Africa’s infrastructure
sectors.
AICD is based on an unprecedented effort to collect detailed economic and
technical data on African infrastructure. The project has produced a series of
reports (such as this one) on public expenditure, spending needs, and sector
performance in each of the main infrastructure sectors—energy, information and
communication technologies, irrigation, transport, and water and sanitation.
Africa’s Infrastructure—A Time for Transformation, published by the World Bank
in November 2009, synthesizes the most significant findings of those reports.
AICD was commissioned by the Infrastructure Consortium for Africa after the
2005 G-8 summit at Gleneagles, which recognized the importance of scaling up
donor finance for infrastructure in support of Africa’s development.
The first phase of AICD focused on 24 countries that together account for 85
percent of the gross domestic product, population, and infrastructure aid flows of
Sub-Saharan Africa. The countries are: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde,
Cameroon, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia,
Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger,
Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia.
Under a second phase of the project, coverage is expanding to include as many
other African countries as possible.
Consistent with the genesis of the project, the main focus is on the 48 countries
south of the Sahara that face the most severe infrastructure challenges. Some
components of the study also cover North African countries so as to provide a
broader point of reference. Unless otherwise stated, therefore, the term “Africa”
will be used throughout this report as a shorthand for “Sub-Saharan Africa.”

4. The World Bank is implementing AICD with the guidance of a steering committee
that represents the African Union, the New Partnership for Africa’s Development
(NEPAD), Africa’s regional economic communities, the African Development
Bank, the Development Bank of Southern Africa, and major infrastructure donors.
Financing for AICD is provided by a multidonor trust fund to which the main
contributors are the U.K.’s Department for International Development, the Public
Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility, Agence Française de Développement, the
European Commission, and Germany’s KfW Entwicklungsbank. The Sub-Saharan
Africa Transport Policy Program and the Water and Sanitation Program provided
technical support on data collection and analysis pertaining to their respective
sectors. A group of distinguished peer reviewers from policy-making and academic
circles in Africa and beyond reviewed all of the major outputs of the study to
ensure the technical quality of the work.
The data underlying AICD’s reports, as well as the reports themselves, are
available to the public through an interactive Web site,
www.infrastructureafrica.org, that allows users to download customized data
reports and perform various simulations. Inquiries concerning the availability of
data sets should be directed to the editors at the World Bank in Washington, DC.

5. CHALLENGES TO GROWTH IN AFRICA’S AIR TRANSPORT INDUSTRY—CROSS-COUNTRY ANNEX
1
CountryName
Domestic
Adjusted
Seats 2007
International
Adjusted
Seats 2007
Intercontinental
Adjusted Seats
2007
Per Capita
Seats
Annual
Growth
Rate 2001
to 2007
No of
Airports
2007
Count of
Domestic
City Pairs
2007
Count of
International
City Pairs
2007
Count of
Intercontinental
City Pairs 2007
No of
Airlines in
2007
Count of
Domestic
Airlines
2007
Non
African
Airlines
2007
Algeria 4,342,884 589,381 5,410,613 3.3 -6.7% 26 45 12 61 17 1 12
Angola 1,199,016 484,179 588,978 7.5 40.6% 13 21 12 9 12 1 6
Benin 323,132 99,268 21.3 -9.6% 1 19 1 14 1 1
Botswana 241,696 435,708 2.8 5.9% 4 4 8 5 1 1
Burkina Faso 20,245 244,721 147,095 36.4 2.4% 2 1 11 1 8 1 1
Burundi 263,363 6,864 31.5 23.6% 1 4 1 6 1 1
Cameroon 105,742 472,089 398,034 19.5 -18.2% 4 3 17 8 17 1 4
Cape Verde 575,120 55,545 538,094 0.5 -10.3% 7 10 5 23 9 1 6
Central African Republic 20,661 23,842 96.6 -32.5% 1 2 1 2 1
Chad 109,074 88,608 55.6 -7.9% 1 7 1 5 1
Comoros 111,258 124,081 336,540 1.1 17.7% 5 6 12 5 7 1 2
Congo 443,634 351,882 117,962 4.2 -1.4% 2 1 19 2 10 1 1
Congo DRC 327,988 468,217 193,414 62.7 -0.6% 13 25 21 3 14 2 3
Cote D'Ivoire 851,003 297,891 16.5 -12.8% 1 23 5 19 1 4
Djibouti 303,518 272,569 1.4 21.9% 1 10 6 8 2 3
Egypt 5,959,001 1,886,053 15,792,673 3.2 11.0% 13 19 17 209 79 2 68
Equatorial Guinea 17,446 89,431 214,708 1.6 15.5% 2 1 14 4 10 1 5
Eritrea 94,146 88,706 268,736 10.6 7.3% 3 3 7 7 6 2 3
Ethiopia 728,797 1,837,147 2,004,704 17.3 25.3% 22 45 30 22 14 1 8
Gabon 374,400 272,792 122,720 1.7 -19.8% 8 9 12 1 10 1 1
Gambia 126,209 126,061 6.7 -12.7% 1 7 7 9 2 5
Ghana 144,183 909,819 832,895 12.2 10.4% 4 5 19 9 23 2 9
Guinea 205,916 111,462 29.6 -8.3% 1 8 2 7 2
Guinea-Bissau 46,566 20,280 25.4 -17.1% 1 2 1 3 1
Kenya 2,093,416 3,144,782 2,755,352 4.8 9.7% 10 12 47 27 36 4 17
Lesotho 85,592 23.4 23.7% 1 1 1
Liberia 121,445 40,040 22.9 12.6% 2 8 1 6 1

6. CHALLENGES TO GROWTH IN AFRICA’S AIR TRANSPORT INDUSTRY—CROSS-COUNTRY ANNEX
2
Libya 2,452,606 1,286,666 1,801,592 1.1 10.0% 9 12 25 31 25 3 17
Madagascar 1,291,284 281,346 574,379 9.3 4.8% 27 63 12 17 9 1 4
Malawi 167,007 435,032 3,842 23.1 2.7% 3 3 11 1 5 1
Mali 564,455 165,776 16.4 -4.2% 1 16 1 14 1
Mauritania 20,475 234,854 148,928 7.7 -8.0% 2 1 7 3 7 1 2
Mauritius 502,892 544,362 2,235,545 0.4 7.1% 2 1 6 27 18 2 12
Morocco 3,484,906 1,687,101 10,637,215 2.0 23.1% 17 24 23 125 53 3 43
Mozambique 1,144,644 582,836 91,637 11.5 21.0% 15 30 31 1 12 2 2
Namibia 84,162 877,812 242,736 1.7 8.3% 7 8 9 4 6 1 2
Niger 128,414 41,717 82.3 -7.6% 1 8 1 7 1
Nigeria 9,304,568 1,373,745 2,437,702 11.3 55.6% 14 22 31 19 31 4 18
Rwanda 467,203 18,304 20.0 29.2% 1 6 1 6 1 1
Sao Tome and Principe 29,248 16,478 3.5 -9.2% 1 4 1 4 1
Senegal 127,244 1,259,410 1,231,358 4.6 16.9% 5 4 24 18 27 1 12
Seychelles 712,530 141,024 424,008 0.1 2.5% 2 1 3 9 8 1 5
Sierra Leone 179,629 48,893 25.4 20.0% 1 8 2 9 3
Somalia 126,633 174,064 50,005 24.8 21.0% 7 9 11 8 5 1
South Africa 31,767,537 6,314,557 7,707,063 1.0 12.3% 20 36 69 44 61 11 29
Sudan 610,263 917,174 1,571,891 12.6 17.7% 11 13 13 19 24 2 14
Swaziland 141,388 7.8 30.3% 1 4 2 1
Tanzania 1,871,255 1,271,153 585,763 10.7 15.6% 13 19 25 12 22 3 9
Togo 219,505 76,856 22.3 -13.7% 1 11 1 10 1
Tunisia 660,413 997,880 5,229,582 1.5 3.7% 6 11 11 96 37 4 29
Uganda 70,980 978,337 493,740 20.1 13.4% 4 4 12 6 15 1 4
Zambia 437,658 1,459,766 113,217 6.0 28.3% 7 9 13 2 16 2 3
Zimbabwe 237,835 1,109,986 182,585 8.5 -8.7% 4 5 17 5 17 1 3