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Everything You Need to Know About HIV and AIDS
- 3. • What is HIV? A virus spread through body fluids and affects specific cells of the immune system, called CD4 cells or T cells. A virus that distroys the CD4 cells (T cells) and damaging the immune system.
- 4. • HIV belongs to –Family:- Retroviridae Subfamily: orthoretrovirinae Genus:- Lentivirus • Two viruses cause human AIDS HIV 1 & HIV 2
- 6. • Occurs in the late stages of the HIV infection process. (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- 7. • Positive HIV Test + • Very low CD4 count (<200) OR • presence of specific cancers or opportunistic infections = AIDS Normal CD4 500- 1500cell s/mm3
- 8. Late 19th century 1981 Rare cancer in 41 homosexuals:(Gay- Related Immune Deficiency (GRID) New York times reported a mysterious illness 1982 The disease is renamed Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) 1983 Women can become infected with AIDS SIV
- 9. 1987 first anti- retroviral drug, AZT 1988 first World AIDS Day 1999 WHO:33 million people were living with HIV& 14million people died 2011 First cured patient 1986 International Committee on Virus Nomenclature- HIV First case in India DR.Suniti Solomen Dr. Sellapan Nirmala
- 10. Size - 90 – 120 nm Shape - Spherical Genome : 2 identical ss RNA (+ve sense) + reverse transcriptase enzyme genome consists of 3 structural genes ‘gag’, ‘pol’ and ‘env’
- 11. o gag – core and shell proteins of virus Expressed as a precursor protein p55 (p15,p18, p24)
- 12. gp160 gp120 gp41
- 14. Replication : takes place in the cytoplasm of the infected host cell and release of progeny virus is by budding from the cell membrane of the infected host cell.
- 21. Male to male Sexual contact 74.8% Male to male sexual contact and drug usage 6.7% Heterosexual contact 10.4% Injection drug usage 7.9% Others <1%
- 22. Not transmitt ed
Editor's Notes
- “H” stands for human. HIV is a retrovirus meaning it cannot reproduce outside of the human body. To cause infection, HIV must be able to reproduce and survive in a human host. “I” is for Immunodeficiency which refers to an unhealthy immune system. The immune system is the body’s natural defense against infections and diseases. “V” is for virus. A disease or condition caused by a virus. The common cold and flu are examples of virus. All virus can be treated, but there is no cure. So, HIV does not go away. The CD4+T cells carry out multiple functions, ranging from activation of the cells of the innate immune system, B-lymphocytes, cytotoxic T cells, as well as nonimmune cells, and also play critical role in the suppression of immune reaction.
- HIV 1 WORLDWISE TIME TO AIDS HIV1 7-10 YRS HIV 2 10-25 YEARS PERINATAL TRANSMISSION 15- 45% HIV 0-5% Hiv 2 hetero sexual transmission 3-6 fold lower
- A” is Acquired. HIV does not run in families like diabetes and heart disease (not hereditary). Outside of perinatal (mother to baby) transmission, HIV has enter the body through some external method. “I’ is Immuno and represents the body’s immune system that works to protect the body from infection. “D” is Deficiency and refers to a defect in the immune system causing it to not function properly. “S” is Syndrome and is a group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a particular abnormality or condition.
- HIV infection in humans came from a type of chimpanzee in Central Africa. Studies show that HIV may have jumped from chimpanzees to humans as far back as the late 1800s. The chimpanzee version of the virus is called simian immunodeficiency virus. It was probably passed to humans when humans hunted these chimpanzees for meat and came in contact with their infected blood. Over decades, HIV slowly spread across Africa and later into other parts of the world. The virus has existed in the United States since at least the mid to late 1970
- HIV can be passed from mother to child through breast-feeding Thimothy brown
- The virus core surrounded by nucleocapsid composed of protein Lipo protein envelope lipid derived from host cell membrane and gp which are virus coded
- Gag proteins of HIV-1 are central players in virus particle assembly, release, and maturation, and also function in the establishment of a productive infection
- critical for the synthesis and integration of viral DNA into the host genome and the generation of capsid proteins.
- These body fluids (blood, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, semen, breast milk) must come into contact with a mucus membrane or damaged tissue or be directly injected into your bloodstream (by a needle or syringe) for transmission to possibly occur.