33. THE POSTERIOR WALL
Aditus Ad AntrumOpening to Mastoid Antrum
Fossa Incudis Contain Short Process Of Incus & It’s
Suspensory Ligament
Pyramid Attaches Stapedius & It’s tendon
43. ISTHMUS TYMPANI
Narrow elongated space
Medially
Facial Nerve Canal
Lateral SCC
Divided by Long Process Of Incus
Isthmus Tympani Anticus
Isthmus Tympani Posticus
44. Prussack’s Space
Boundaries:
Medially: Neck Of Malleus
Laterally: Pars Flaccida
Inferiorly: Lateral Process Of Malleus
Superiorly: Lateral Malleolar Fold
Posteriorly: Posterior Malleolar Fold
Clinical Significance:
Pars flaccida acquired cholesteatoma formation
45. SPRE AD OF CHOLE STE ATOMA FROM PRUSSAK ’ S SPACE
46. PATTERN OF SPREAD OF CHOLESTEATOMA
Posterior Epitympanum
(Through Superior Incudal Space)
Posterior Mesotympanum
(Through Posterior Pouch Of Von Tröltsch)
Anterior Epitympanum
(Anterior to head of malleus to Supratubal recess)
47. EUSTACHIAN TUBE
Bony Part (Lateral 1/3rd)
12mm , Rectangular opening
Cartilaginous (Medial 2/3rd)
24mm
Torus Tubaris
Blood Supply
Ascending Pharyngeal A.
Middle Meningeal A.
50. IMPROPER FUNCTIONING OF EUSTACHIAN
TUBE
Recurrent URTI, Enlarged Adenoids
Larger Diameter & Shorter Length
Malfunctioning of Tubal Muscles
Reduction in Size Of Ostmann’s Fat Pad
Atrophy Of Tensor Veli Palatini
Collagen Diseases
Loss Of Ciliated Epithelium
Abonormally Thick & Tenacious Secretions
51. MASTOID AIR CELL SYSTEM
Lies in Petrous Bone
Volume2mL
1. The Posterosuperior Tract
2. The Posteromedial Tract
3. The Subarcuate Tract
4. The Perilabyrinthine Tract
5. The Peritubal Tract
56. 2 Parts:-
Bony Labyrinth
Membranous Labyrinth
2 Types Of Fluids:-
Perilymph
Similarity with ECF
Rich in Na+
Communicates with CSF-Aqueduct Of Cochlea
Endolymph
Similarity with ICF
Rich in K+
Secreted by
Secretory Cells Of Striae Vascularis Of Cochlea
Dark Cells In Utricle & Ampulla Of SCC
66. Inner Hair Cell Outer Hair Cell
Single Longitudinal Row
Located on the inner side of
sensory region
3-5 Layers
Located on the outer side of
sensory region
67. Function of Organ Of Corti:
Mechanoelectrical Transduction
Neural Signalling IHCs
Amplification of sound waves OHCs
Transmission to Auditory Nerve & Higher Centres
68. OHC--ULTRASTRUCTURE
2 Ends:-
Apical End
Sensory part with stereocilia
Flattened
Basal End
Synaptic Pole
Stereocilia:-
W or V Pattern
3-5 Rows
Cylindrical
Angled towards each other
Tip Links
69. Dense Rootlets
Tropomyosin with actin
filaments
Stereociliary Membrane
Calcium controlling
proteins
Ion Channels
Deflections Of Hair
Bundle Controls the
opening & Closing of ion
channels
71. IHC--ULTRASTRUCTURE
Flask Shaped Body
3-4 rows of stereocilia
Height increases in stepwise manner
Cellular structure similar to OHC
Deflections brought by
Sound induced motions of B.M.
Endolymphatic fluid motion
Depolarization of IHC
Release of Amino Acid Glutamate
Calcium Mediated
72. THE ASCENDING AUDITORY PATHWAYS
Major components are:-
The Cochlear Nuclear Complex
The Superior Olivary Complex
Inferior Colliculus
Medial Geniculate Body
Auditory Cortex