This document provides information on applying safety measures in farm operations. It defines key terms related to safety such as cleaning, disinfection, health, and occupational safety. It describes the different types of hazards that can occur on farms, including mechanical, physical, chemical, biological, and psychosocial hazards. It outlines procedures for responding to emergencies on farms and lists factors that can increase risks for farm workers such as age, equipment, and machinery. Finally, it discusses specific farm works that involve chemicals and hazardous tools/equipment and emphasizes the importance of using personal protective equipment.
3. Definition of Terms
Cleaning the act or process of removing dirt from tools, containers and farm facilities
Disinfection chemicals
refers to the chemical used in cleaning which has the ability to kill microorganisms
especially pathogens
Health
a sound state of the body and mind of the workers that enable him or her to
perform the job normally
Occupational safety the practices related to production and work process
Safety
the physical or environmental conditions of work which comply with the prescribed
Occupational Health Safety (OHS) standards and which allow the workers to
perform his or her job without or within acceptable exposure to hazards
Sharpening
the process of thinning the edge of the tools like knife, pruning shears, hedge
shears, etc.
4. HAZARD, RISK AND EXPOSURE IN
THE FARM
* Agricultural crop production deals with a lot of activities to be done in the different
workplace.
* Workplace hazard is a major cause of accident, injury, or harm to a worker who
performs such task.
Hazard - is the potential for harm, or adverse effect on an employee‘s health. Anything
which may cause injury or ill health to anyone at or near a workplace is a hazard.
Risk - is the likelihood that a hazard will cause injury or ill health to anyone at or near a
workplace. The level of risk increases with the severity of the hazard and the duration
and frequency of exposure.
Exposure - occurs when a person comes into contact with a hazard.
5. Mechanical or electrical
Types of Hazard
Mechanical hazards are
mainly caused by
malfunction of an equipment.
Includes electricity,
machinery, equipment,
pressure vessels, dangerous
goods, fork lifts, cranes,
hoists
Are environmental factors that can harm
an employee without necessarily touching
them. Including heights, noise, radiation
and pressure. Includes floors, stairs, work
platforms, steps, ladders, fire, falling
objects, slippery surfaces, manual
handling (lifting, pushing, pulling),
excessively loud and prolonged noise,
vibration, heat and cold, radiation, poor
lighting, ventilation, air quality.
Physical Hazard
6. Chemical Biological
Is any substance that can
cause a health problem
when ingested or inhaled.
Includes chemical
substances such as acids or
poisons and those that
could lead to fire or
explosion, like pesticides,
herbicides, cleaning
agents, dusts and fumes
from various processes
such as welding.
Are organic
substances that
present a threat to
the health of people
and other living
organisms.
Includes bacteria,
viruses, mold,
mildew, insects,
vermin, animals.
Are any hazards or
risks in one's
environment and
society that can
cause harm.
Includes workplace
stressors arising
from a variety of
sources.
Psychosocial
7. Farm emergency procedures regarding safety working environment
The emergencies that may occur on
a crop production farm could
include:
a. Fire
b. Flood
c. Typhoon
d. machinery entrapment
e. electrical shock
f. snake or spider bite
g. chemical exposure
h. injuries
i. illness and
j. accidents
e.g. deluge showers, eye washes,
firefighting equipment, first aid kits)
3. Make sure that the correct equipment is
available to contain and handle any
chemical or other dangerous materials
spills that might happen.
1. Identify the potential emergencies.
2. Provide emergency facilities appropriate
for the sorts of emergencies that might
occur on the farm
8. 5. Instruct
everyone
working on the
farm in the
emergency
response
procedures
6. Everyone
should know
the location of
fire alarms, fire
extinguishers
and first aid
kits; how and
4. To help
minimize the risk
of personal injury
or property damage
in the event of
anemergency,
people working on
and visiting the
farm need to know
and understand the
emergency
procedures and
their
responsibilities.
7. where to contact
emergency
services; and where
to safely assemble
in the event of an
emergency.
9. The following factors may increase risk of injury or illness
for farm workers:
1. Age – injury rates are highest among children age 15 and
under and adults over 65.
2. Equipment and Machinery – most farm accidents and
fatalities involve machinery. Proper machine guarding and
doing equipment maintenance
according to manufacturers‘ recommendations can help
prevent accidents.
10. FARM WORKS THAT INVOLVE USING CHEMICALS AND HAZARDOUS TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
1. Spraying Chemicals
● Many different chemicals are
used on a farm including
pesticides. These chemicals are
used to fertilize and control pests
such as insects, weeds, mollusk,
etc. Most of these chemicals are
applied by spraying.
Examples of chemical hazards:
● Spraying in a strong wind and
the spray drifting over a dam or
the farm house.
● Washing spray equipment and
the water running into open
drains, collecting in puddles, or
running into stockyards or dams.
● Containers or chemicals left
lying around. Empty containers
lying in a heap.
Some ways you can reduce the
risk of hazards from chemicals
are:
• Use personal protective
equipment such as
respirators, waterproof
clothes, rubber gloves and
waterproof footwear.
• Make sure chemicals are
safely stored and cupboards
locked.
• Never spray chemicals on
days when there is a high
wind.
• Know first aid procedures.
• Keep a list of all hazardous
substances used on the
farm.
Safe use of chemicals
• Consider if a
chemical substance is
really needed.
• Eliminate a hazardous
substance, or if that is
not possible, substitute
it with less hazardous
one.
• Safe work practices or
personal protective
equipment should be
used
• Keep records of farm
chemicals.
11. 2. Land Preparation Using
Tractor
a. Victims fall off or are thrown
from the tractor
b. Run over by either the tractor
or an implement being towed, or
both.
c. Overturn
Safety Reminders
• Tractors are not passenger
vehicles.
• Use seat belts when driving
tractors.
• ROPS will protect the
operator from serious
injuries.
Causes of run over accidents
• Sudden stops
• Driving over holes, stumps and
debris, or a sharp turn
How to prevent runover
• Never allow riders on tractors.
• Discuss with family members and
farm workers the potential risks of
riding tractor.
• It's also helpful to post 'no riders'
decals on all tractors to remind
others about the policy.
• Use or provide other vehicles that
allow passengers, such as trucks or
cars, when transportation is needed
to fields or remote work sites.
12. * Personal protective
equipment (PPE) can
reduce the number and
severity of farm work
related injuries and
illnesses. Personal
protective equipment not
only helps protect people
but also improves
productivity and profits.
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