1st yr-qbank-2071

2
2071/7 [New Course]
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
Use separate answer copy for each group.
Attempt all the questions.
Use separate answer copies for each group.
Group A (Anatomy)
1. Classify bone. Define osteon. 3+2=5
2. Differentiate between a skeletal muscle and smooth muscle 4
3. Draw a neat labeled diagram of a multipolar neuron. Define neuralgia. 3+2=5
4. Write short notes on: a) Structure of human chromosome b) Oogenesis 3x2=6
Group B (Physiology)
5. Describe the transport processes that occur across the cell membrane with examples.
What happens to RBCs when suspended in hypotonic & hypertonic solution? 4+2=6
6. Write short notes on: 3.5x4=14
a) Ionic basis of RMP of skeletal muscle
b) Importance of negative feedback mechanisms in homeostasis
c) Differences between ECF and ICF
d) Functions of gap junctions, rough endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus
Group C (Pharmacology)
7. Classify routes of drug administration. Mention advantages and disadvantages of oral
route. 2+2+2=6
8. What is pharmacodynamics? Describe various mechanisms of drug action with an
example each. 1+5=6
9. Describe various ways by which you can calculate the dose for children. 2+2=4
10. What are the possible interactions when two drugs are administered simultaneously?
Explain your answers with examples. 2+2=4
Group D (Pathology)
11. Define edema. Describe the causes of edema. 1+3=4
12. Define hypersensitivity. Describe the mechanism of Type I hypersensitivity. 1+3=4
13. Write short notes on: 3x4=12
Bachelor Level/BDS/First Year Time: 4 hours
IBMS-General Concepts I Full Marks: 120

3
a) Oncogenic viruses
b) Pathogenesis of HIV infection
c) Coagulative necrosis
d) Metaplasia
Group E (Biochemistry)
14. Explain co-enzyme with examples. Describe isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase along
with its significance. 2+2=4
15. Explain reducing and non-reducing carbohydrate with examples. 2+2=4
a) Glycolytic pathway
b) Lipid classification
c) Fats soluble vitamin
d) Essential amino acids
Group F (Microbiology)
17. Describe principle of Gram’s staining. 5
18. Define sterilization. Describe principle of autoclave. 1+4=5
19. List out: 2x5=10
a) Two virulence factors of bacteria
b) Two methods to bring antigen-antibody reaction in vitro
c) Two infection prevention procedures
d) Two beneficial roles of normal flora
e) Two differences between bacteria and viruses
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2070/8 [New course]
Group “A” (Anatomy)
1. Describe the morphology of a synovial joint in brief. 4
2. Classify epithelium and mention its distribution. 4
3. Explain spermatogenesis in brief. 4
a) Autosomal recessive disorder
b) Derivatives of surface ectoderm
c) Parts of long bone
d) Dermis

4
5. Define homeostasis and explain its significance by giving examples of negative and
useful positive feedback mechanism. 1+4=5
6. Define the following terms: excitability, depolarization, repolarization, threshold
stimulus and chronaxie. Explain the ionic basis of the resting membrane potential of
a neuron. 2.5+2.5=5
7. Mention the functions of proteins present in cell membrane. Give two examples
each of inter-cellular connections and inter-cellular communication. 2+3=5
a) Functions of golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum
b) All-or-none law and refractory period of neuron
9. Describe various process of drug elimination through kidney. Explain how you can
facilitate renal elimination of the drug by administering other drugs? 2+2+2=6
10. Enumerate parenteral routes of drug administration with examples. Mention
advantages and disadvantages of subcutaneous route. 2+2+2=6
11. Compare competitive and noncompetitive antagonists with examples. 4
12. Mention various types of hypersensitivity reactions along with the most appropriate
drug to treat particular hypersensitivity reactions 4
Group D (Pathology)
13. Define apoptosis. Describe the causes of apoptosis. 4
14. Describe the different stages in cutaneous wound healing. 4
15. Write short notes on:- 3x4=12
a) Edema
b) Chemical carcinogens
c) Type III hypersensitivity
d) Infarction
16. Sketch (Outline) of TCA cycle. Explain energy production of TCA cycle. 4+2=6
17. What are isoenzymes? Describe isoenzyme and clinical importance of LDH and ALP.
2+2+2=6
18. Write short notes on:-
a) Essential fatty acids

5
b) Physiological role of Vitamin D
c) Genetic code
19. Draw a well labeled diagram of a bacterium showing its different anatomical parts.
7
20. Write down principle of Gram’s stain. 6
21. Define sterilization. Mention any one method used for sterilization of the following.
7
a) Nutrient agar b) Glass syringe c) Operation theatre
d) Apron e) Paraffin oil
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2070/8 [Old course]
Group A (Anatomy)
a) Fibrous joint
b) Haversian system
c) Derivative of neural crest cells
d) A multipolar neuron
e) Autosomal dominant disorder
f) Structure & Functions of mature placenta
g) Appendages of skin
h) Classification of gland
2. Draw a labeled diagram of the cell membrane and describe the various transport
processes occurring across it. 3+5=8
Bachelor Level/BDS (I Year)/ IOM Time: 3 hours
IBMS-General Concepts I Full Marks: 160

6
3. Draw a labeled diagram of an action potential of a neuron and explain the ionic basis.
Explain all or none phenomenon and refractory period. 5+3=8
4. Describe the composition and volume of different body fluid compartments in an
adult. Shed light on the functions of the plasma proteins. 5+3=8
a) Classification of sensory receptors
b) Negative feedback mechanisms and their importance
6. Classify topical routes of drug administration. Mention advantages and disadvantages
of inhalation route. 3+2+2=7
7. Mention the various consequences of drug metabolism with examples. Name any
four microsomal enzyme inhibiting drugs. Describe their interactions with
concurrently used drug undergoing same metabolic reaction. 3+2+2=7
8. Define adverse drug reaction. Mention eight varieties of adverse drug reactions with
examples of any four of them. 1+4+2=7
9. What is therapeutic drug monitoring? Mention indications & limitations of
therapeutic drug monitoring. 1+3+2=6
10. Explain the precautions to be taken while using drugs during pregnancy. List any six
highly teratogenic drugs that should be barred during pregnancy. 2+3=5
Group D (Pathology)
11. Define necrosis. List different types of necrosis. Describe about coagulative necrosis.
1+1+3=5
12. Describe the vascular changes in acute inflammation. 5
13. List different types of emboli. Describe briefly about pulmonary embolism. 2+3=5
14. Define hypersensitivity. Describe about type I hypersensitivity. 1+4=5
a) Atrophy
b) Septic shock
c) Disseminated intravascular coagulation
16. Sketch the pathway of glycogenesis and mention various glycogen storage diseases.
3.5+1.5=5
17. Explain competitive and uncompetitive types of enzyme inhibition with examples.
2.5+2.5=5

7
a) Monosaccharide
b) Essential amino acids
c) Physiological role of Vit. A
19. Define sterilization. Classify methods of sterilization. 5
20. What are the beneficial roles of normal flora? Give two examples of normal flora of
oral cavity. 5
21. Give 3 examples of gram positive and gram negative bacteria. 6
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2069/9[New Course]
Group A (Anatomy)
1. Mention briefly the important events that occur during grastulation. 4
2. Compare the characteristic features of autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive
traits. Give few examples of reach type of disease. 4=1=5
3. Describe the morphology of synovial joint. Classify synovial joint. 3+2=5
a) Histology of epidermis
b) Parts of long bone
5. Define homeostasis and give examples of negative and positive feedback control
mechanisms. What is vicious cycle? 4
6. Enumerate the cellular organelles and explain the functions of any three organelles.
4
7. Define reflex and draw a reflex arc. Mention the functions of the different
components of a reflec arc. 4
a) Colloid osmotic pressure
b) ECF compartment
c) Depolarization and repolarization
d) Paracine communication

8
9. Define essential drugs. Mention the criteria for selecting essential drugs. 2+4=6
10. Enumerate (with examples) any 6 factors that modify the action of drugs. 6
11. What do you mean by antagonist? Mention types of receptor antagonists each with
an example. 1+3=4
12. What is entero-hepatic circulation? Mention its consequence on the effect of a drug.
Give example of a drug that undergoes entero-hepatic circulation. 2+1+1=4
Group D (Pathology)
13. List the chemical mediators and write down their role in inflammation. 4
14. Define thrombus. Describe the different types of thrombi. What are the fates of the
thrombus? 4
a) Type II hypersensitivity
b) Tumor suppressor genes
c) Amyloidosis
d) Edema
16. Explain the classification of carbohydrate with examples. 5
17. Give outline of TCA cycle and list the inhibitors of TCA cycle. 4.5+1.5=6
a) Fat soluble vitamins
b) Compound lipids
c) Funtions of nucleotides
19. Define anaerobes. Differentiate between exotoxin and endotoxin 2+6=8
20. List out the beneficial and harmful roles of normal flora. 2.5+2.5=5
21. Give two examples of gram positive and gram negative bacteria. 0.5x4=2
22. Mention any one method used for sterilization of the following. 5
a) MacConkey agar
b) Inoculating loop
c) Beaker
d) Apron

9
e) Plastic syringe
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2068/3
1. Classify muscle with example. Describe briefly on skeletal muscle. 2+4=6
2. Describe brief the process from fertilization to implantation. Mention some related
applied aspects. 4+2=6
3. Classify bone with appropriate examples. 6
4. List the differences between myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fiber. 6
a) Mendelian trait
b) Morphology of a synovial joint
Group “B” (Physiology)
6. Define homeostasis and explain with examples why homeostasis is important for
normal body function. 2+4=6
7. Enumerate the cellular organelles and describe the functions of any two organelles.
3+3=6
a) Definition and classification of reflexes
b) Depolarization and repolarization of a neuron
c) Cell membrane structure and its functions
d) Osmosis and colloid osmotic pressure
e) Functions of platelets and erythrocytes.
Group “C” (Pharmacology)
9. What do you mean by therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)? Mention where TDM is
advised and where TDM is not required. 1+3+3=7
10. What is half life of a drug? Mention various factors that determine the duration of
drug action. 1+5=6
11. Define ADR (adverse drug reaction). Describe any six ADRs with an appropriate
example of each. 1+6=7
a) Biotransformation
b) Drug use in pregnancy
c) Antagonism

10
Group “D” (Pathology)
13. Define edema. List the causes of edema. 4
14. Define neoplasm. Explain the mechanism of spread of malignant tumors. 6
15. Describe the different steps in wound healing. 6
a) Type III hypersensitivity
b) Septic shock
c) Coagulation necrosis
d) Thrombosis
Group “E” (Biochemistry)
17. Sketch the outline of glycolysis. Explain the regulation of TCA cycle. 4+2=6
18. Enumerate and mention the functions of essential fatty acid and essential amino
acid. 1+3=4
a) Classification of lipoproteins
b) Properties of rRNA and tRNA
c) Classification of lipid
Group “F” (Microbiology)
20. Write difference between bacteria and virus. 4
21. Define bacterial growth. Describe different phases of bacterial growth. 4
22. Define sterilization. Describe moist heat method of sterilization. 4
23. Write short notes on:
a) Immunity
b) Gram stain
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2067/4
1. What do you understand by a neuron? Mention the difference between myelinated
and unmyelinated nerve fibers. 3+3=6
2. What are the different types of connective tissue fibers? Where are they found?
3+3=6

11
a) Transitional epithelium
b) Spermatogenesis
c) Bilaminar germ disc
d) Gross structure of human chromosome
e) Gross features of a synovial joint.
4. Draw a mammalian cell showing different organelles. Mention the function of any
three organelles. 2+6=8
5. Define a receptor. Give a simple classification of sensory receptors with examples.
1+5=6
6. Describe different types of intercellular communication with examples. 6
a) Action potential of a neuron
b) E.C.F.
c) Negative feedback mechanism
d) Reflex arc
8. Define essential drug. List out four factors modifying the drug action. 2+5=7
9. Classify penicillins. Describe its’ mechanism of action and adverse effects.
2.5+2+2.5=7
10. Define adverse drug effects. Enumerate various adverse drug effects with a suitable
example of each. 1+5=6
a) Combined drug effect
b) Route of drug administration
c) Receptor
12. Define shock. Explain different types of shock. 2+6=8
13. Define neoplasia. Explain the mechanism of spread of malignant tumors.2+6=8
a) Type IV hypersensitivity
b) Wound healing by second intention
c) Calcification

12
d) Pulmonary embolism
15. Define glycolysis. Sketch glycolytic pathway. 1+3=4
16. a) Define isoenzymes. Explain the importance of alkaline phosphate as an isoenzyme.
1+3=4
b) Describe the physiological roles of vit. A 2
a) DNA duplication
b) Classification of lipid
c) Quaternary structure of proteins
18. List four differences between bacteria and viruses. 8
19. Describe on moist heat method of sterilization with examples. 4
20. Explain the cellular immune response. 4
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2065/7
1. Describe the morphological features of a synovial joint. Classify synovial joint with
appropriate examples. 4+4=8
2. Draw a neat and labeled diagram of microscopic anatomy of a compact bone. 8
3. Explain the gastrulation. 8
a. Placenta
b. Heredity
5. Define excitability. Name the excitable tissues. Explain the ionic basis of action
potential of a neuron. 1+1+4=6
6. Describe the functions of any three important cell organelles. 2+2+2=6
7. Explain osmosis, primary active transport, and secondary active transport with
suitable examples. 2+2+2=6

13
8. Explain how homeostasis is maintained by negative feedback mechanism. 4
9. Write short notes on: 2 ¼ x4=10
a. Saltatory conduction of action potential
b. Intracellular communication
c. Composition and volume of ECF
d. Useful positive feedback mechanisms in the body.
10. Define bioavailability. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of intravenous route
of drug administration. 2+6=8
a) Tolerance
b) Agonist and antagonist
c) Receptor and its types
d) Bio-equivalence
12. Explain the following terms: 3x4=12
a) Prodrug
b) Methods of dose calculation in children
c) Plasma half life
d) Teratogenicity
13. List the important chemical mediators of acute inflammation and their role in
inflammation. 6
14. Describe the different stages in wound healing. 6
15. Define shock. Describe the pathogenesis of septic shock. 1+5=6
16. Describe the mechanism of type III hypersensitivity. 6
a) Apoptosis
b) Pulmonary thromboembolism
18. Define isoenzymes and list clinically important isoenzymes of LDH. Explain the clinical
importance of CPR. 1+2+2=5
19. Describe TCA cycle (outline only, no description). Also mention the energy production
in TCA cycle. 4+1=5

14
a) Water soluble vitamins
b) Characteristic feature in the process of transcription
c) Essential fatty acids
21. Describe morphology & structure of bacterial cell with the help of neat diagram.
8
a) Sterilization
b) Nosocomial infection
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2064/8
1. What do you understand by a neuron? Mention the differences between myelinated
and unmyelinated nerve fibers. 3+3=6
2. Mention the microscopic features of a cardiac muscle. Why is it called a functional
syncitium? 3+1=4
3. Mention the layers forming placental barrier of a mature villus. Mention the
functions of placenta. 2+4=6
4. Mention briefly: 8x2=16
a. Down syndrome b. Autosomal dominant diseases
c. Gomphosis d. Hyaline cartilage
e. Periosteum f. Walls of a muscular artery
g. Capacitation h. Layers of epidermis
5. Define an action potential of a neuron and mention the ionic basis of its different
phases. Illustrate the conduction of an A. P. along a myelinated neuron.
4+2=6
6. Explain with two examples the negative feedback control of homeostasis. 6
7. Name the different fluid compartments and give their volumes in an adult. Tabulate
the important constituents of the fluid compartments. 3+3=6
8. Describe the transport mechanism occurring across a cell membrane. 6

15
i. Oncotic pressure
ii. Reflex arc
iii. Intercellular communication
iv. Lysosomes
Group “C” (Pathology)
10. Define the terms carcinoma and sarcoma with appropriate examples. What are the
four characteristic features of malignant tumors? Enumerate three pathways of
spread of malignant tumors with an example of each. 2+2+2=6
11. What is granuloma? Enumerate four causes of granulomatous inflammation.
Enumerate microscopic features of tuberculous granuloma. 1+2+3=6
12. What is wound healing by primary intention? Mention briefly the steps of wound
healing by primary union. 1+5=6
13. Define type II hypersensitivity. Give four examples of antibody mediated diseases.
List the types of immunodeficiency states. 1+2+1+2=6
14. Define dystrophic and metastatic calcification. Enumerate four examples of
immunodeficiency states. 2+2=4
15. What is endotoxic shock? What are the effects of shock on kidneys and in the lungs?
4
Group “D” (Pharmacology)
16. Define the following terms: 4x4=16
a. Pharmacodynamics b. Bioavailability
c. First pass metabolism d. Half life
17. Enumerate advantages and disadvantages of parenteral drug administration. 8
18. Enumerate factors modifying drug actions. 8
19. Explain different kinds of inhibition of enzymes. 4
20. Sketch the pathway of gluconeogenesis 4
21. List the active terms of vitamin A, D, E and K. 2
a. DNA duplication
b. Essential fatty acids
c. Primary and secondary structure of proteins.

16
23. Define sterilization. Explain the types of sterilization. 1+2=3
24. Define immunity. Explain the types of immunity. 1+2=3
25. Define anaerobe. Give two examples of anaerobes. 2
26. Write short notes on any TWO: 4x2=8
a. Immunoglobins and their types
b. Antibiotic susceptibility testing
c. Microbial normal flora.
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2063/8
1. Explain neurulation. 4
2. Mention placenta and its functions. 4
3. Explain chromosomal non-dysjunction and Down’s syndrome. 4
4. Classify exocrine gland with appropriate examples. 4
5. Mention microscopic features of hairy skin. 4
6. Explain gross features of a synovial joint. 4
7. Explain the principles of Mendelian inheritance. 4
8. Explain the classification of cartilage with examples. 4
9. Define homeostasis. Give examples of negative and positive feedback mechanisms.
1+3=4
10. Define an action potential. Give the ionic basis of its depolarization, repolarization
and after hyperpolarization. 1+3=4
11. Draw a labeled diagram of mammalian cell. Name the functions of the cell
membrane. 2+2=4
12. Explain facilitated diffusion and active transport with examples. 2+2=4
13. What are the forces operating at the capillary level? 4
a. Functions of plasma proteins
b. Factors regulating erythropoiesis
c. Functions of platelets and eosinophils
d. Rh incompatibility

17
15. Define necrosis. Describe different types of necrosis. 6
16. Define briefly cellular events in acute inflammation. 6
17. Describe the wound healing by secondary intention. 6
18. Define embolism. List different types of emboli. 1+3=4
19. List primary and secondary mediators in type I hypersensitivity reaction. 4
20. Describe briefly about chemical carcinogenesis. List important chemical carcinogens.
4+2=6
21. Define drug. Describe various aspects of pharmacokinetics. 8
22. Describe various routes of drug administration with their specific features. 8
a. Pharmacodynamics
b. Rational drug therapy
c. Drugs contraindicated in pregnancy
d. Therapeutic drug monitoring
a. Physiological role of vitamin E and K
b. Characteristic feature in process of transcription
c. Essential fatty acids
d. Primary structure of proteins.
25. Describe TCA cycle. 5
26. List the biochemical investigation of diabetes mellitus. 3
27. Write the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell. 10
28. Write morphological classification of bacteria with at least one example of each type.
6
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2062/7
1. Define a gland and give its classification. Describe in brief the exocrine gland with
appropriate examples. 2+4=6

18
2. Describe skin under the following headings: 2+2+2=6
a. Different layers
b. Appendages
c. Function
a) Spermatogenesis
b) Bilaminar germ disc
c) Transverse section of umbilical cord
d) Developmental anomalies of placenta
e) Gross structure of human chromosome
4. Explain nerve impulse conduction in a myelinated and non-myelinated neuron. Name
two factors that influence velocity of conduction. 3+1=4
5. Define bleeding and clotting time and give their normal values. What happens in
thrombocytopenic purpura? 3+1=4
6. Define homeostasis. Give an example of positive and negative feedback mechanisms.
1+3=4
7. Explain primary and secondary active transport mechanisms with examples. 2+2=4
8. Name the plasma protein. Give the value of colloid osmotic pressure and mention its
functions. 1+3=4
9. Explain the role of iron, erythropoietin, vitamin B12 and folic acid in erythropoiesis.
Why does polycythaemia occur in high altitude? 4+2=6
10. Give the normal values of TLC, DLC and ESR. Mention any two functions of
neutrophils and eosinophils. What factor influence ESR? 2+2+2=6
11. Define necrosis. List different types of necrosis. Describe briefly about coagulation
necrosis. 1+1+2=4
12. Describe about vascular changes in acute inflammation. 6
13. Describe the mechanism of type I hypersensitivity reaction. 6
14. Define shock. Explain different types of shock. 4
15. Describe the mechanism of edema in heart failure. 6
16. Describe different steps in wound healing. 6

19
17. Define drug. List advantages and disadvantages of parenteral routes of drug
administration. 2+6=8
18. Describe different hazards with use of drugs in pregnancy. 8
a. Plasma half life
b. Drug antagonism
c. First pass metabolism
d. Drugs use in renal diseases
20. List the main functions of lysosomes and golgi apparatus. 2
21. List neutral and acidic amino acids. 2
22. Describe the classification of lipoprotein. 2
23. Explain the chemical importance of CPK as isoenzyme. 2
a. Glycogenolysis
b. Physiological role of vitamin A and D
c. Properties of RNA and tRNA
d. Biochemical investigation in diabetes mellitus
25. Describe how you differentiate between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.3+3=6
26. Define sterilization. How do you sterilize the following: 3x2=6
a) Surgical glove
b) Nutrient broth
c) Petridish
27. Define immunity. Give an example of artificially acquired active immunity. 2+2=4
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2061/7
1. Mention the developmental sources of skin. Draw a labeled diagram to represent the
different layers of epidermis. 1+3=4
2. Mention different parts of chromosomes and their types. 2+2=4

20
a. Bilaminar germ disc
b. Transitional epithelium
c. Primitive streak
4. Mention different types of membranes present in our body. Give examples of each
type. 4
5. Define the following: 4x2=8
a) Flexion
b) Adduction
c) Coronal section
d) Circumduction
6. Draw a labeled diagram of nerve action potential. Give the ionic basis of the different
phases of the action potential. How is nerve impulse conducted? 3+2+2=7
7. Define homeostasis? Explain the positive and negative feedback mechanisms with an
example for each feedback. 1+2+2=5
a) Diffusion and osmosis
b) Mitochondria
c) Neuroendocrine reflex
d) Cell membrane structure
e) Factors regulating erythropoiesis
9. Define thrombosis. Describe the morphology of different types of thrombus. 2+6=8
10. Define neoplasia. Explain mechanism of spread of malignant tumors. 2+6=8
11. Define inflammation. Explain vascular changes and cellular events of acute
inflammation. 2+6=8
12. Write notes on: 2x4=8
a. Edema b. Embolus
13. Explain the precautions to be taken while using drugs in pregnancy. 6
14. Define: 5x2=10
a. Bioavailability
b. First pass metabolism
c. Antagonism

21
d. Therapeutic index
a. Therapeutic window
b. Mechanism of action of drugs
c. Drug potency
d. Drugs use in liver disease
16. Describe the therapeutic significances of the followings: 4x2=8
a. Dose response relationship
b. Plasma half life
c. Therapeutic drug monitoring
d. Different routes of drug administrations.
17. Classify enzymes with examples. List co-enzymes, which take part in dehydrogenation
and trans-amination reaction. 4+2=6
18. Explain in brief the reactions and products of glycolytic pathway with illustration of
enzymes involved. 6
19. Enumerate and mention the functions of essential fatty acids. 2
20. List the amino acids which are both glycogenic and ketogenic. 2
21. Differentiate between eukaryote and prokaryote. 5
22. Define culture media. List any three routine media used in clinical bacteriology. 5
23. Describe principal of Gram’s stain. 6
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2061/1
1. Draw a labeled diagram of the structure of a mature spermatozoon. Add a note on
spermatogenesis. 4+4=8
2. Define epithelium. Mention different types of epithelia with their characteristic
features and examples. 2+6=8
a) Synovial membrane
b) Placenta
4. Answer the following: 4x2=8
a) Classify the joints of human body. Give examples of each variety.

22
b) Define tissue and describe the classification of tissue.
5. a) Define reflex 2
b) Enumerate different types of reflex. 3
c) Mention the properties of reflex. 3
6. Define membrane potential. Mention the process of generating membrane potential.
2+6=8
7. a) Define carrier system. 2
b) Mention the different types of carrier system and give description with examples.
3+3=6
8. Enumerate the body fluid spaces. Describe the distribution of body fluid. Mention the
functions. 3+3+2=8
9. Define necrosis. Describe different types of necrosis. 1+4=5
10. Define hypersensitivity. Describe the mechanism of type II hypersensitivity reaction.
1+4=5
11. Define shock. Give the classification of shock. Describe briefly the pathogenesis of
shock. 1+2+5=8
12. Define embolism. List different types of embolism. 1+3=4
13. Differentiate benign and malignant tumors. 6
14. List the different chemical mediators of acute inflammation. 4
15. What is pharmacology? Enumerate the routes of drug administration, its advantages
and disadvantages. 2+7+7=16
16. Describe antimicrobial drugs depending upon its mechanism of action in microbial
cell structure. 6
17. Classify antimicrobial drugs depending upon its mechanism of action in microbial cell
structure. 10
18. Write the sources and fate of acetyl CoA. 6
19. List the functions of sub cellular organelles:
a. Mitochondria 2
b. Golgi apparatus 2

23
20.
a. Give the explanatory diagram sowing the process of gluconeogenesis. Give its
clinical signification. 3+1=4
b. List the functions of plasma proteins. 2
21. Differentiate normal flora from transient flora. 2
a) Isolation media
b) Identification media
23. Differentiate moist heat sterilization from dry heat sterilization. 2
24. Define bacterial toxin. Differentiate exotoxin from endotoxin. 1+3=4
a) Gram stain
b) Selective stain
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2060
1. Describe the structure and the function of the cell. 8
2. Define and classify glands. 8
3. List the types of cell division and their importance. 8
4. Describe synovial membrane. 8
5. Name the excitable tissues. Explain the ionic basis of resting membrane potential. 4
6. Define homeostasis and mention its importance. Explain negative feedback
mechanism with an example. 2+2+3=7
7. Name the different stages of erythropoiesis and the factors regulating erythropoiesis.
6
a) Cell membrane structure
b) Functions of plasma proteins
c) Functions of granulocytes

24
9. Define necrosis. Name four types of necrosis. Describe the microscopic features of
any one of them. 2+4+4=10
10. Define inflammation. Name four chemical mediators of acute inflammation. List four
complications of acute inflammation. 2+4+4=10
11. Define healing. Differentiate between primary and secondary healing. 2+4=6
12. Define: 3x2=6
a. Hyperplasia
b. Hypertrophy
c. Metaplasia
13. State what half life is and mention its significance in dosing of a drug. State how
much of a drug of 100 mg given I.V. is left after three half life. 1+2+2=5
14. Explain the following terms with examples: 4x2=8
a. Agonist
b. Potency
15. What is biotransformation? State the types of biotransformation and explain the
microsomal enzyme induction and inhibition giving examples. 5
16. State why monitoring of a drug in plasma is necessary. 4
17. State the factors affecting the absorption of a drug given orally. 4
18. Name four types of toxicity of drugs with examples producing them. And mention a
formula for calculation of a dose for children. Also mention precautions needed in
using drugs in children. 4
19. What is the maintenance dose and how is it calculated? 2
20.
a. List the essential amino acids. 4
b. List the functions of proteins in the body. 4
21.
a. Give an example of disaccharide and polysaccharide. 4
b. List essential fatty acids and give an example of phospholipids and Glycolipid. 4

25
a) Bacterial spores 4
b) Bacterial toxins 4
c) Sterilization by moist heat 4
d) Agglutination test 4
**********************************************
2059
1. Define a tissue. Classify the tissues and their functions. 6
2. How many branchial apparatus are present during the development of human being?
Mention the structures derived from the first branchial apparatus. 6
3. How many chromosomes are present in human being? Briefly describe the gross
structure of human chromosome. 6
4. What is gametogenesis? Briefly explain spermatogenesis. 4
5. What is placenta? Mention the functions of placenta. 4
6. Mention the clinical features of Klinfelter’s syndrome. 2
7. Draw a labeled diagram of skin. 4
8. Define epithelial tissues. Mention the different types of epithelium with their
characteristic. Mention the distribution and functions. 2+3+3=8
9. Describe the cell membrane. Explain the process of depolarization and repolarization.
2+3+3=8
10. Define receptors. Classify receptors. Explain the process of transmission of impulse
through the synapse. 2+3+3=8
11. Enumerate the different types of reflex. Mention the properties of reflex. 3+5=8
12. Briefly describe the morphology of reversible cell injury. 6
13. Define metaplasia and dysplasia. 2+2=4
14. Briefly describe the cellular events in acute inflammation. 6
15. Briefly describe the mechanism of type I hypersensitivity reaction. 6
16. Define embolism. List out different types of emboli. 1+3=4
17. Briefly describe the mechanism of spread of malignant tumor. 6

26
18. What do you mean by sublingual administration of drug? How will you evaluate the
sublingual administration? 5
19. What are the processes of drug administration? 9
20. What are precautions that should be taken in using drugs in old people? 5
21. What is meant by teratogenic effect? List the drugs having teratogenic effect. 5
22. Define these terms: 4x2=8
a. First pass metabolism
b. Bioavailability
c. Idiosyncrasy
d. Biological half life
23.
a. List the physiological functions of vitamin A and give two examples of deficiency
disease as well as effects of hypervitaminosis. 2+1+1=4
b. Draw a diagram showing pathways of gluconeogenesis and mention how is it
controlled. 3+1=4
24. Define any FOUR:
a. Enzyme
b. Co- enzyme
c. Holoenzyme
d. Isoenzyme
e. Apoenzyme
25. Show diagrammatically the difference between gram positive and gram negative
bacteria. 8
26. Classify methods of sterilization. Explain the principle of autoclave. 8
**********************************************
2058
1. What are the types of cell division? Mention their significance. 1+5=6
2. Define a tissue. What are the different types of tissues? Mention their functions.

27
1+2+3=6
3. What are the embryonic sources of skin development? Mention its functions. What is
the clinical significance of the skin? 2+2+2=6
4. Define heredity. Describe the gross structure of human chromosome. 1+5=6
5. Short answers: 4+4=8
a) Functions of placenta
b) Umbilical cord
6. Define receptors. Mention their distribution in the body. Give their functions.
2+4+4=10
7. What is reflex? Classify reflex. Mention their properties. 2+4+4=10
8. Describe the distribution of body fluid in different compartments. Discuss the factors
regulating it. 4+4=8
9. Briefly describe the process of genesis of membrane potential. 4
10. Define inflammation. Name the agents causing inflammation. Name two functions of
neutrophil in acute inflammation. 2+4+2=8
11. Define necrosis. Enumerate the causes of necrosis. Mention the different
morphological types of necrosis. 2+2+4=8
12. Enumerate the difference between benign and malignant tumors. 6
13. Draw and label a neat diagram of tubercle. 4
14. What are giant cells? Mention the different types of giant cells. 2+4=6
15. What is adverse drug reaction? Mention the patients particularly in risk of adverse
drug. 2+2=4
16. What is biotransformation? Explain the phases of biotransformation in brief. 3+5=8
17. List the different parenteral routes and state advantages and disadvantages of
intravenous route. 4
18. Define the dose of a drug. State the methods of calculating the dose for children.
Calculate the dose for a child of 8 years old, the adult dose being 80mg/kg. 2+2+4=8
19. Define the following terms: 4x2=8
a. Receptor
b. Agonist

28
c. Potency
d. Efficacy
20. Give a short answer with example of the reaction showing co-enzyme functions of
Vit. B1 and B2. 6
21.
a. Draw a diagram showing glycogenesis.(with related enzymes) 6
b. List the functions of lysosomes, peroxysomes and nucleolus. 4
22. Explain the characteristics of viral structure and viral replication. 3+3=6
23. Distinguish pathogens from normal bacterial flora. Explain the characteristics of
pathogenesis. 3+3=6
24. List the decontaminating agents and decontamination procedure for the infection
prevention of dental procedure. 2+2=4
**********************************************
2058
1. What is fertilization? What is its normal site? What are its results? 6
2. What is placental membrane (barrier)? What substances can be exchanged or
transmitted through this barrier? 6
3. What is connective tissue? Classify connective tissue structurally. 4
4. Give four differences between epithelial and connective tissue and give the location
of any two types of connective tissue in our body. 6
a. Functions of skin
b. Notochord
c. Umbilical cord
d. Derivatives of foregut.
6. What is action potential? What is the basis of latent period? 4+1=5
7. What is diffusion? Give an example of diffusion of gases in human body. 4+1=5

29
8. What is extracellular fluid space? Illustrate your answer with suitable example.
4+1=5
9. How is body function regulated by feedback mechanism? 4+1=5
10. Enumerate the functions of blood? 4
11. List the functions of tongue? 4
12. State the important causes of inflammation. Name the cardinal signs of
inflammation. 4+2=6
13. Explain the mechanism of wound healing. 6
14. Define thrombosis. Explain the mechanism of thrombosis. 1+5=6
15. Define hypersensitivity. Name the different types of hypersensitivity reactions.
1+3=4
16. Name the different types of immunity. 4
17. Explain the types of antigen-antibody reactions. 6
18. Mention the different mechanisms of action of drugs giving examples for each. 6
19. State eight types of routes of administration and mention advantages and
disadvantages of I.V. route. What route is used for immediate effect in angina case?
6
20. What is bioavailability? Mention the factors affecting the absorption through oral
route. 4
21. Mention eight different adverse effects of a drug with examples. Name drugs that
have adverse effect to pregnant and lactating mother. 4
22. State what effects are produced when two drugs are given together. Mention
different types of antagonism. 4
23. State the methods of calculating the dose for children. Calculate the dose for a child
of 6 years old, the adult dose being 54mg/kg. 4
24. State the volume of distribution and factors governing it. 4
25. Write the sources and fate of acetyl CoA. 6
26. Describe gluconeogenesis. 6
27. Discuss the role of different types of RNA in protein biosynthesis. 4

30
28. Give one reason: 2+2=4
a. Why viruses are not usually controlled by antibiotics
b. Why gluteraldehyde is preferable for the sterilization of some dental
equipments.
29.
a. Name two bacterial of oral microflora. 2
b. Give one reason why Salmonella species form pink colonies on Mac Conkey’s
agar medium? 2
30. Point out a main difference between cellular and humoral immunity. 2
31. Name any two bacteria causing pyaemia. 2
32. Point out the main difference between exotoxin and endotoxin. 2
33. Point out a main difference between selective and differential medium. 2
**********************************************
2057
1. Draw a labeled diagram of a mature ovarian follicle and label its different
constituents. Mention the significance in meiosis in oogenesis. 6
2. Define placenta. What is its normal site? Explain its development. 5
3. Define tissue. Mention the different epithelial tissue and their characteristics in
Homo sapiens. 6
4. Define gland. Mention the different types of glands and their characteristics. 4
5. Enumerate -from deep to superficial- the different types of epidermis and dermis. 4
6. Explain primitive streak. 3
7. Describe the derivatives of 1st
branchial arch. 4
8. Draw a well-labeled diagram of a cell. 4+2=6
9. Describe different body fluid spaces. How does body fluid shift from one space to
another? 4+2=6
10. What is the role of feedback regulation in blood functions? 6
11. Describe the properties of cardiac muscle. 4
12. Define blood pressure. Explain pulse pressure and mean pressure. 4+2=6

31
13. Describe the composition of saliva. List its functions. 4
14. List important causes of cell injury and various changes produced in the cell by such
injury. 2+2+2=6
15. Describe the vascular phenomena of acute inflammation. 4
16. Explain the effects of embolism. 4
17. Describe the nature and types of edema. 4+2=6
18. State the differences between benign and malignant neoplastic lesions. 6
19. Define antigen, antibody and complement. 4+2=6
20. List the different routes of drug administration and state advantages and
disadvantages of the oral route. 6
21. Define adverse drug reaction and give six examples observed in drug reaction. 6
22. Mention the importance of drug monitoring in blood. List its indications. 4
23. Mention different ways by which the drugs or metabolites are excreted. 4
24. Draw a graph to show the potency and efficacy of drug. 4
25. What is loading dose and how is it calculated? 4
26. Mention what precautions are to be taken in using drugs to old people. 4
27. Explain: 3+3+2=8
a. Uncompetitive inhibitor
b. LDH as isoenzyme
c. Essential amino acids
28. Describe gluconeogenesis. 4
29. Explain DNA duplication. 4
OR
Describe the physiological role of vitamin “C”.
30. Classify microorganism. 6
31. Describe the principle of Gram staining. 6
32. List any four gram positive and gram negative organism. 4

32
Neurosensory/
Musculoskeletal
System - II

33
2071/7 [New Course]
Ulation
Group A (Anatomy)
1. Trace the course and main branches of facial nerve and correlate clinically. 4+1=5
2. List the derivatives of first pharyngeal arch. 5
3. Name important nuclei and connection of thalamus. 4
4. Write short notes on: a) Masseter b)Scalp 3x2=6
5. Describe the mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction and explain myasthenia
gravis. Describe skeletal muscle tone. 4+1=5
6. Describe the pathway for pain sensation from the periphery to the brain. Explain the
basis of “referred” pain with examples. 3+2=5
a) Deep tendon reflexes
b) Functions of basal ganglia
c) Synaptic transmission
d) Effects of parasympathetic stimulation on heart and intestine
8. Classify beta blockers. Mention uses and contraindications of Propanolol. 2+2+2=6
9. Describe mechanism of action, indications and contraindications of Alprazolam.
2+2+2=6
10. Classify neuromuscular blocking agents. Describe any 4 adverse effects of d-
tubocuranine. 2+2=4
11. Enumerate disease modifying agents for management of rheumatoid arthritis.
Describe the role of glucocorticoids for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. 2+2=4
IBMS-Neurosensory/Musculoskeletal System II Full Marks: 120

34
Group D (Pathology)
12. Describe the etiopathogenesis and morphology of pyogenic osteolyelitis. 2+2=4
13. Give the classification of soft tissue tumors. Describe the morphology of leiomyoma.
2+2=4
14. Write short notes on: 3x4-12
a) Basal cell carcinoma
b) Berry aneurysm
c) Gouty arthritis
d) Osteoporosis
Group E (Pathology)
15. Explain acetylcholine and snake venom. 2.5+2.5=5
16. Explain roles of PTH and calcitrol in the homeostasis of calcium and phosphate in our
body. 3+3=6
a) Muscle troponins
b) Muscular dystrophy
c) Opening of ion channels in plasma membrane
18. List out the agents causing pyogenic meningitis. Describe the pathogenesis of
Neisseria meningitides. 4
19. Describe vaccines used against rabies. Write down their merits and demerits. 4
20. Write short notes on (any four): 3x4=12
a) Negri bodies
b) Herpes simplex virus
c) Toxins produced by Stapphylococcus aureus
d) Coagulase
e) Polio virus
******************************************
2070/8 [New Course]
Group A (Anatomy)
1. Mention the attachments, nerve supply and action of temporalis muscle. 4
2. Trace the course and branches of maxillary nerve with a suitable diagram. 4
3. List the derivatives of second pharyngeal arch. 4

35
4. Trace the pathway of fine touch, pressure and vibration sensation from the
periphery to the centre (brain) with suitable diagram. 4
5. Explain the histology of cornea in brief. 4
6. Enumerate the steps of skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation. Explain tetanic
contraction and fasciculation. 3+2=5
7. Mention the fucntions of the Basal ganglia. Explain Parkinson’s disease. 3+2=5
8. List the sensations carried by the dorsal column medial lemniscal system and trace
the pathway. Explain stereognosis and dysdiadokokinesia. 3+2=5
a) Deep tendon reflexes and Babinski’s sign
b) Signs of upper motor neural lesion of the facial nerve.
10. Classify competitive neuromuscular blocking agents. Mention four specific adverse
effects and four uses of Pancuronium. 2+2+2=6
11. Name four local anesthetic drugs. Describe mechanism of action and four adverse
effects of lignocaine. 2+2+2=6
12. List ocular, cardiac, respiratory and gastrointestinal effects of atropine. 4
13. Mention four uses and four specific adverse effects of Diclofenac sodium. 4
Group D (Pathology)
14. Describe the pathogenesis and morphology of Rheumatoid arthritis. 2+2=4
15. Give the classification of tumors of CNS. Describe the morphology of Glioblastoma.
2+2=4
a) Muscular dystrophy
b) Lepromatous leprosy
c) Rhabdomyosarcoma
17. Explain functions of acetylcholine esterase. 4
18. a) Explain biological role of calcium. 2
b) Explain the role of PTH in calcium homeostasis. 4
a) Hypocalcaemia

36
b) Hyperpolarization and action potential
c) Neurotransmitter
d) Neurotoxins
20. List out the enzymes produced by Staphylococcus aureus. 5
21. Classify Rabies vaccine. 5
22. Define meningitis. List out four causative agents of meningitis. 5
23. Give a brief account in Sabin and Salk polio vaccine. 5
**********************************************
2070/8 [Old Course]
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as
practicable.
Group A (Anatomy)
1. Mention the attachments, nerve supply and action of lateral pterygoid muscle. 4
2. Mention briefly the histology of cerebellum. 4
3. Name important branches of mandibular nerve. 4
4. Describe briefly on the layers of scalp. 4
5. Describe neuromuscular transmission. Explain rigor mortis and myasthenia
gravis. 2+2=4
6. Classify sensory receptors with examples. Explain tactile localization and tactile
discrimination. 3+1=4
a) Signs of lower motor neuron lesion of the facial nerve
b) Functions of the hypothalamus
IBMS-Neurosensory/Musculoskeletal System II Full Marks: 80

37
c) Effects of parasympathetic stimulation on the heart & pupil
d) Signs of cerebellar damage
8. Describe mechanism of action of succinylcholine. Mention four specific
adverse effects of succinylcholine. 2+2=4
9. Name any four antidepressants. Mention adverse effects of amitriptyline.
2+2=4
10. List various possible interactions when two drugs are administered
simultaneously. Describe advantages of combining carbidopa with levodopa.
2+2=4
11. Enumerate four disease modifying agents used for treatment of Rheumatoid
arthritis with their mechanism of actions. 4
Group D (Pathology)
12. Give the classification of Bone tumors. Describe the morphology of osteosarcoma.
2+2=4
13. Describe different types of leprosy. 3
a) Retinoblastoma
b) Tuberculous meningitis
c) Schwannoma
15. Explain inhibitory function of snake venom. 2
16. Explain site and mode of action of calcitonin. 2
a) Fuels of skeletal muscle. 2
b) Neurotransmitter receptor. 2
17. Describe morphology and staining characteristics of Staphylococcus. How do you
distinguish Staphylococcus aureus? 6
18. Write importance of KOH preparation to demonstrate fungi in skin scraping. 2
**********************************************

38
2069/1
Group A (Anatomy)
1. Name the branches and supply of mandibular nerve. 4
2. Describe the external features of medulla oblongata. 4
3. Name the muscles of mastication. Mention briefly the attachments and action of
masseter muscle. 1+3=4
4. Draw a neat labbeled diagram of histological section of a nerve (transverse
section). 4
5. Enumerate the important functions of the Hypothalamus. 3
6. Describe briefly neuro-muscular transmission. Explain Myasthenia gravis. 2+1=3
7. Write short notes on (any four): 2.5x4=10
a) Lower motor neuron lesion of the facial nerve
b) Isotonic muscle contraction
c) Lateral spinothalamic tract
d) ‘Fight’ or ‘flight’ response
e) Synapse
8. Explain the mechanism of action of morphine. Mention adverse effects of
morphine. 2+2=4
9. Give the basis for: a) Use of aspirin in myocardial infarction b) Use of Atropine in
organophosphorus poisoning
a) Alcohol
b) Phenytoin
Group D (Pathology)
11. What is pyogenic osteomyelitis? Describe its morphology. 1+3=4
12. Define rhabdomyosarcoma. Describe gross and microscopic features of
embryonalrhabdomyosarcoma. 1+3=4
13. Define cerebrovascular accident. Describe morphology of focal cerebral ischemia.
1+3=4
14. Define and describe hydrocephalus. 1+3=4

39
15. Explain with the help of suitable diagram synthesis of calcitriol. Also mention its
function. 3.5
a) Inhibitory function of snake venom. 2.5
b) Neurotransmitter 2
17. Describe morphology, isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus. 4
a) Aseptic meningitis
b) Rabies
*********************************************8
2068/3
1. Describe the origin, course and distribution of mandibular nerve. 1+1+2=4
2. Describe briefly on the attachments, nerve supply and action of Sternocleidomastoid
muscle. 2+1+1=4
3. Describe briefly the lobes of cerebral hemispheres with the appropriate diagram.
4
a) Parts of an external ear
b) Articular disc of temporomandibular joint
5. Define a synapse and mention its types. List the steps of excitatory synaptic
transmission. 2+2=4
6. Explain with examples isotonic and isometric skeletal muscle contraction.
2+2=4
a) Parkinson’s disease
b) Response of the heart and the pupil to sympathetic stimulation
c) Signs of upper motor neuron lesion
d) Motor unit and recruitment

40
8. List neuromuscular blocking agents. Write the mechanism of action and adverse
effects of succinylcholine. 2+2+2=6
9. Classify antiseizure drugs. Give adverse effects of phenytoin. 3+3=6
a) COX2 inhibitors
b) Salbutamol
11. Classify the bone tumors. Describe the morphology of osteosarcoma. 7
a) Meningioma
b) Muscular dystrophy
c) Melanoma
13. Define neurotransmitter. Outline the synthesis and degradation of acetylcholine in
myoneural junction. 1+2=3
14. List biological role of calcium. Describe physiological functions and control of PTH and
calcitriol. 2+3=5
15. Describe the morphology of Staphylococcus. Write enzymes and toxins of
Staphylococcus aureus. 4
a) Coagulase test
b) Morphology of Herpes virus
**********************************************
2067/4
1. Write short notes on: 5x3.2=16
a) Cortico-spinal tract
b) Lingual nerve

41
c) Attachments and actions of masseter muscle
d) Trace the visual pathway
e) Corpus callosum
2. Classify neurons as per their conduction velocity. 3
3. Briefly write the functions of Cerebellum. 3
a) Sarcomere
b) Motor unit
c) Functions of muscle
d) Signs of lower motor neuron lesion
e) Excitatory post synaptic potential (EPSP)
5. Give the basis of the use of: 3x2=6
a) Atropine in the treatment of organophosphorus poisoning
b) Multidrug therapy in treatment of leprosy
c) Lignocaine as local anesthesia
6. Give the important: 3x2=6
a) Adverse effects of phenytoin
b) Contraindications of beta-blockers
c) Uses of clozapine
a) Opoid analgesics
b) Muscle relaxants
8. Describe different types of hydrocephalus. 4
9. Give the classification of bone tumors. Describe the microscopic features of
osteoclastoma. 2+2=4
10. Describe the etiopathogenesis of gout. 4
11. Describe the morphological features of meningioma. 4
12. a) Explain the role of Vit. D in calcium hemostasis. 2.5

42
b) List the biological role of calcium. 1.5
13. a) Explain with example neurotransmitter. 2
b) Explain the function of acetylcholine 2
14. Define poliomyelitis and describe on polio vaccines. 1+3=4
15. List different types of herpes virus and name one disease caused by each virus.
2+2=4
******************************************
2066/1
1. Explain briefly the extent and course of corticospinal tract with a labeled diagram.
4
2. Name the branches and area of supply of maxillary nerve. 4
a. Attachment and action of lateral pterygiod muscle
b. Intraarticular disc of Temporomandibular joint
c. Neural tube defect and its methods of prenatal diagnosis.
d. Buccinators muscle
4. Define a synapse and list the steps of synaptic transmission. 1+3=4
5. Define a reflex. List the properties of reflex. 1+3=4
6. List the functions of hypothalamus. 4
7. Write short notes on(any TWO): 2x2=4
a. Muscle spindle
b. Saltatory conduction
c. Isotonic muscle contraction
d. E.P.S.P. and I.P.S.P.
8. Describe the mechanism of action and adverse effects of succinylcholine. 4
9. Describe the mechanism of action of NSAIDs. Give the major differences between
Aspirin and Paracetamol. 4
10. Give the pharmacological basis for: 4x2=8
a. Aspirin in rheumatic fever

43
b. Lignocaine for tooth extraction
11. Define osteomyelitis. List the causative organisms and write down the microscopic
features of tubercular osteomyelitis. 1.5+1.5+2=5
12. Define meningitis and enumerate the CSF finding in acute pyogenic meningitis.
2+3=5
13. List the tumors of the central nervous system. 3
14. Define stroke and list the types of stroke. 1.5+1.5=3
15. Define 1x3=3
a. Synapses
b. Depolarization
c. Neurotransmitter
16. Explain the role of Vitamin D in calcium phosphate homeostasis. 3
17. Explain roles of calcium. 2
18. List organisms that cause meningitis and lab. diagnosis of meningitis. 2+2=4
19. Write short notes on Staphylococcus aureus. 4
**********************************************
2065/1
1. Describe the Temporomandibular joint on the following headings: 4
a) Muscles causing different movements
b) Blood and nerve supply
2. Mention the origin, branches and supply of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve.
4
a) Floor of fourth ventricle
b) Foot drop
c) Digastrics muscle
d) Haversian system

44
4. Describe the mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction. What are the ways to
increase the force of contraction? 3+1=4
5. Describe the functions of the pyramidal tracts. What are the effects of upper motor
neuron lesion? 2+2=4
6. Define a synapse. List the steps of synaptic transmission. What is Renshaw cell
inhibition? 1+2+1=4
7. Write short notes on the followings: 1x4=4
a) Color blindness
b) Functions of cerebellum
c) Blood brain barrier
d) Stretch reflex
8. Classify NSAIDs. Write mechanism of action and clinical uses of Paracetamol.
4
9. Write short notes on:: 4x2=8
a) Clinical uses of skeletal muscle relaxants
b) Contraindications of opioid analgesics
10. Briefly discuss about the drugs used in pre-anesthetic medications. 4
11. Describe gross and microscopic features of tubercular oligo-dendroglioma. 4
12. Describe light microscopic and ultrastructural features of Guillain-Barre syndrome.
4
13. Describe gross & microscopic features of tuberculous osteomyelitis. 2+2=4
14. Write down the morphology of Paget’s diseases of bone. 4
15. a) List excitatory neuro-transmitters 2x2=4
b) List different fuels consumed by skeletal muscle
16. Where is parathyroid hormone produced and hoe does it act on the intestine, blood
and kidney for calcium homeostasis? 4
17. List any four organisms causing meningitis. 4
18. Write short notes on: 2+2=4
a) Staphylococcus aureus.

45
b) Polio virus
**********************************************
2064/8
1. List the important functional areas of cerebrum. Trace the visual pathway.4
2. Mention different parts of peripheral nervous system. Explain the typical spinal
nerve. 4
3. With labeled diagram, explain the microscopic anatomy of cardiac muscle. 4
a) Corpus callosum
b) Floor of fourth ventricle.
5. List the steps of neuro-muscular transmission. What happens in Myasthenia Gravis?
3+1=4
6. Illustrate the pyramidal tracts. Give the clinical features of lower motor neuron lesion
of facial nerve. 2+2=4
7. Enumerate the steps of skeletal muscle contraction. Give four differences in the
functional properties of smooth muscle and skeletal muscle. 2+2=4
8. Write short notes on the followings: 2x2=4
a) Spinothalamic tracts
b) Synapse
a) NSAIDs
b) Benzodiapines
c) Prilocaine
d) Antipyretic analgesics
10. Describe gross and microscopic features of oligodendroglioma. 4
11. Describe etiology and morphological features of gout. 4
12. Describe bony disorders caused by hyperparathyriodsism. 4
13. List the common sites of osteosarcoma. Write down different types of osteosarcoma.

46
4
14. Describe the role of tropomyosin and troponin complex in skeletal muscle
contraction. 4
15. Write short notes on (anyTWO): 2x2=4
a) Hyperphosphataemia causes hypocalcaemia
b) Neurotransmitter
c) Acetylcholine
16. List any two organisms causing bacterial meningitis. Describe the methods of
laboratory diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. 1+4=5
17. Write short notes on viral meningitis. 2+2=4
**********************************************
2064/1
1. Enumerate the muscles of facial expression. Describe the buccinator muscle.
2+2=4
a) Meninges
b) Corpus callosum
c) Lingual nerve
3. Describe production and circulation of CSF. 6
4. Define a synapse. Enumerate the steps in synaptic transmission. 3+1=4
5. Illustrate the pathway of pain sensation from the periphery to the brain. 6
a) Basis of stretch reflex
b) Facial paralysis
Group “C” (Biochemistry)
7. Sketch the explanatory diagram of thick and thin filament interaction &regulation by
level of calcium. 5
8. Define: 3

47
a) Hyperpolarizaton
b) Action potential
c) Depolarization
Group “D” (Microbiology)
9. List enzymes and toxins produced by staphylococci. 4
10. Define meningitis. List any three common organisms causing bacterial meningitis. 4
Group “E” (Pathology)
11. Define osteoporosis. List two causes of generalized osteoporosis. 2+2=4
12. Define neoplasia. List two malignant tumor of skin. 2+2=4
13. Describe the gross and microscopic features of osteogenic sarcoma. 4
14. Define hydrocephalus and list its important complications. 2+2=4
Group “F” (Pharmacology)
15. Name six drugs of NSAIDs category and state the uses and side effects of aspirin.
2+2+2=6
16. State why preanaesthetic drugs are used in general anaesthesia. Name three
preanaesthetic drugs and their actions. 2+2+2=6
17. Write short note on pentazocaine. 2
18. Name two drugs of intermediate local anesthesia and state why adrenaline is used in
local anesthesia. 2
**********************************************
2063/8
1. Parts of corpus callosum. 2
2. Trace the pathways of pain and temperature. 2
3. Origin, termination and area of supply of lingual nerve. 2
4. Origin, insertion and nerve supply of deltoid muscle. 2
5. Colle’s fracture 2
6. Erbs palsy 2
7. Attachments, nerve supply and action of masseter muscle. 2
8. Derivatives of neural crest cells. 2

48
9. How is nerve impulse conducted in myelinated and non-myelinated neurons? What
factors influence the velocity of conduction? 2+2=4
10. Name four properties of skeletal muscle. How does skeletal contraction differ from
smooth muscle contraction? 2+2=4
11. Write short notes on any FOUR: 2x4=8
a. Any four functions of the hypothalamus
b. Facial paralysis (lower motor neuron types)
c. Conduction deafness
d. Myopia
e. Sensations carried by posterior columns
12. Briefly describe the microscopic features of malignant melanoma of skin. 4
13. Briefly describe the stages of fracture healing. 4
14. Describe the pathological findings of CSF and brain in bacterial meningitis. 4
15. Mention the morphology of Ewing sarcoma 4
16. List neuromuscular blocking agents. Describe the mechanism of action and adverse
effects of pancuronium. 3+1+2=6
17. List anti-histamines. Give their indications and adverse effects. 2+2+2=6
18. How NSAIDs work? List their adverse effects. 3+1=4
19. Explain the role of parathyroid and calcitriol in calcium metabolism and describe the
function of Na-K ATP plate. 4
20. Explain the mode of opening and closing of ion channels in plasma membrane and
propagation of nerve impulse. 2+2=4
21. List any THREE organisms those causing meningitis. 4
22. Write short notes on op- coagulase test. 4
**********************************************

49
2062/07
1. Describe the production and circulation of C.S.F. 4
2. How can the three types of muscle tissue be distinguished on the basis of location,
microscopic appearance and nervous control? 4
3. Write short notes on: 3+3=6
a. Meninges
b. Fascia
4. List the steps in neuromuscular transmission. What is the defect in myasthenia
gravis? 3+1=4
5. Illustrate the pathway for pain sensation from the periphery to the brain. Which type
of nerve fibers is most susceptible to local anesthetics?
3+1=4
6. What features are seen in upper motor neuron disorder? What is Babinski sign?
3+1=4
7. Explain the basis of stretch reflex. List any four properties of a reflex. 2+2=4
8. Describe the morphological features of tuberculous osteomyelitis. 4
9. Describe the laboratory findings of acute pyogenic meningitis. 4
10. Write short notes on any two: 2x4=8
a) Meningioma
b) Vocal cord polyp
c) Berry aneurysm
11. List NSAIDs. Mention the advantages and disadvantages of selective COX2 inhibitors.
4+2+2=8
a) Mechanism of action and adverse effects of lignocaine 5
b) Use of phenytoin 3
13. Define neurotransmitter. Explain inhibitory function o snake venom. 3

50
14. List biological role of calcium. Describe physiological functions and control of PTH. 5
15. Describe morphology of Neisseria meningitidis in CSF. 3
16. Sketch a neat diagram of herpes virus and label it properly. 5
**********************************************
2061/7
1. Explain the trigeminal nerve on the following: 2+2+2=6
a) Its different nuclei and location
b) The foramina through which its three divisions exit out of the cranial cavity.
c) The muscles innervated by it.
2. Define a joint. List the factors which are important for the stability of a joint.
1+3=4
3. Write short notes on: 2+2+2=6
a) Corticospinal tract
b) Different parts of basal ganglia and their parts
c) Dislocation of TMJ
4. Mention the functions of calcium. 4
5. How do you perform the “Trigeminal nerve” test clinically? 4
6. List the steps in neuro-muscular transmission. What is myasthenia gravis?
3+1=4
7. Explain briefly how pain is transmitted from the periphery to the cerebral cortex. 4
8. Describe etiology and pathological features of cerebrovascular accidents. 8
a) Pilocytic astrocytoma
b) Gout
10. Describe the mechanism of action of NSAIDs. Give the important adverse effects of
NSAIDs. 3+2=5

51
11. Define local anesthesia. Explain the mechanism of action and adverse effects of
lignocaine. 2+3+2=7
12. Describe the mechanism of action of the following drugs: 2x2=4
a) Paracetamol
b) Alprazolam
13. Explain the role of Vit. D in calcium homeostasis in our body. 3
14. Outline the synthesis of acetylcholine and its degradation in myoneural function.
3
15. List the energy sources (fuels) for proper skeletal muscle function. 2
16. Mention briefly about any three most common bacteria causing meningitis. 3
17. Write short notes on Herpes virus. 5
**********************************************
2061/1
1. Describe the extracranial course and branches of facial nerve (VII). What will happen
if it is cut at the level of stylomastoid foramen? 4+2=6
2. Describe the Temporomandibular joint under the following headings:
a) Movements 2
b) Nerve supply 2
c) Articular disc
3. Write note on: 2x2=4
a) Deltoid muscle
b) Cerebellum
4. Define the followings: 2x2=4
a) Motor unit
b) Chemical synapse
5. Write short notes on any THREE: 3x4=12
a) Acetylcholine receptor

52
b) Fast and slow pain
c) Factors regulating bone mineralization
d) Contraction of muscle
6. Write down findings of cerebrospinal fluid in pyogenic and tuberculous meningitis.
2+2=4
7. Describe the healing process of bone fracture. 4
8. Describe the gross & microscopic features of malignant melanoma of skin. 4
9. Describe briefly the etiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. 4
10. List the local anesthetic drugs. Highlight its uses in dental clinic practice. 5+5=10
11. Name antifungal drugs. 6
OR
Name NSAID drugs
12. Define: 4x1=4
a) Synapse
b) Synaptic vesicle
c) Neurotransmitter
d) Depolarization
13. Describe the role hormones in calcium in calcium homeostasis. 4
14. List the causative agents of bacterial meningitis. Describe the laboratory diagnosis of
meningitis. 1+3=4
a. Staphylococcus aureus
b. Herpes Virus
**********************************************
2060
1. Enumerate the muscles of facial expression. Describe the buccinator muscle.
2+2=4

53
2. Write short notes on the following: 3x2=6
a. Arterial circle at the base of the brain
b. Corpus callosum
c. Lingual nerve
3. Write short notes on the following: 3x2=6
a. Blood supply of a long bone
b. Adductor muscles of shoulder joint
c. Sternocleidomastoid
4. Define a synapse. Enumerate the steps in synaptic transmission. 1+3=4
5. Mention the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation on the heart,
gastrointestinal tract and urinary bladder. 2+2+2=6
a) Color blindness
b) Facial paralysis
7. Define osteoporosis. List two causes of generalized osteoporosis. 2+2=4
8. Define neoplasia. List two malignant tumors of skin. 2+2=4
9. Describe the gross and microscopic features of osteogenic sarcoma. 4
10. Define hydrocephalous and list its important complications. 2+2=4
11. Name 6 drugs of NSAIDs category and state the uses and side effects of aspirin.
2+2+2=6
12. State why preanaesthetic drugs are used in general anesthesia. Name three
preanaesthetic drugs and their actions. 2+2+2=6
13. Write short note on pentazocaine. 2
14. Mane two drugs of intermediate local anesthesia and state why adrenaline is used in
local anesthesia. 2
15. List enzymes and toxins produced by staphylococci. 4
16. Write note on Herpes simplex virus. 4
**********************************************

54
2059
1. Describe the fifth cranial nerve on the following headings: 6
a. Position of its nuclei
b. Its divisions and muscles supplied by it.
2. Mention nerves with their functional components supplying the tongue. 5
3. List the muscles of rotator cuff and their nerve supply. 5
4. Mention the different types of muscles. Give their special characteristic. Describe the
function of each varieties. 3+2+3=8
5. Enumerate the various centers in the cerebral cortex. Mention the functions of
cerebral cortex. 3+5=8
6. Classify different types of leprosy. 4
7. Describe the microscopic features of glioblastomamultiforme. 4
8. List the tumors of bone. 4
9. Describe the findings of cerebrospinal fluid in tuberculous meningitis. 4
10. Write down the mechanism of action of suxamethonium. (succinylcholine) 4
11. Classify local anesthetics and state the properties of lidocaine. 4
12. Describe the mechanism of action of morphine. 4
13. Give the important: 2x2=4
a) Uses of diazepam
b) Adverse effects of aspirin
14. Give two examples of excitatory neurotransmitter derived from amino acids as well
as two examples of inhibitory derived from peptide. 2+2=4
15. Describe how calcitonin calcium level in blood. 4
16. List the causative microorganisms of community acquired meningitis according to the
age of the patient. 4

55
17. Briefly describe the morphology, pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of
poliomyelitis virus. 4
**********************************************
2058
1. List different parts of brainstem. List the nuclei present in midbrain. 2+4=6
2. Mention the location of facial nerve nucleus. List its functional components.
6
3. List the muscles of mastication and their actions. 2+2=4
4. Define light reflex. Trace the path of light reflex with a diagram. 2+3=5
5. Name the muscle proteins. Mention the changes occurring during muscle
contraction. 2+3=5
6. Write notes on: 3x2=6
a) Periosteum
b) Cerebellum
c) Basal ganglia
7. Describe the microscopic features of psoriasis. 5
8. Classify the tumors of bone with examples. 6
9. Describe the etiopathogenesis of acute meningitis. 5
10. List benzodiazepams what is their mechanism of action? 4
11. List the different NSAIDs. What is their mechanism of action? List their indications.
2+4+2=8
12. What are the drugs used for preanaesthetic medication and what is the rationale for
their use? 4
13. List the steps in skeletal muscle contraction (give your answer with diagram). 4
14. Explain briefly hormonal control of serum calcium level. 4

56
15. List the causative agents of bacterial and viral meningitis. 2
16. Briefly mention the laboratory diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis. 2
17. Briefly describe the pathogenesis of herpes simplex type 1 and laboratory diagnosis.
2+2=4
**********************************************
2058
1. Give a short account on the development of cerebellum. 4
a) Inferior alveolar nerve
b) Lateral plate mesoderm
c) Medial pterygiod muscle
d) Sphenomandibular ligament
3. What are the receptors of pain? What is the pathway for the sensation of the pain? 4
4. What is acetylcholine? Where is it secreted? What is myasthenia gravis? 4
5. What is coordination between the functions of basal ganglia and the cerebellum? 4
6. What are the functions of hypothalamus? 4
7. Describe the etiopathogenesis of acute meningitis. 4
8. Describe the complication of cerebrovascular accidents. 4
9. Describe the pathological features of meningioma. 4
10. Describe the etiology of acute osteomyelitis. 4
11. Classify general anesthesia and state the properties of halothane. 4
12. State 6 drugs of six different types of NSAIDs and state the uses and properties of
NSAIDs. 4
13. Compare the properties of pethidine with morphine. 2
14. Mention 2 drugs each of intermediate and long acting anesthetics and why
adrenaline is used in local anesthetics. 2
15. Name a preanaesthetic drug that produces anti-emetic effect. 1

57
16. Name a drug of NSAID that inhibits platelet aggregation and has a long half life and
produce less ulcer. 1
17. Mention a transmitter on which diazepam produces its action. 1
18. Name a drug which produces muscle relaxation by centrally acting. 1
19. What is the function of acetylcholine and role of acetylcholinesterase. 4
20. What are the hormones involved in calcium homeostasis? What is activation of Vit.
D? 4
21. Identify the causative agents of poliomyelitis. 4
22. Describe oncogenic viruses. 4
**********************************************
2057
1. Describe the formation of temporomandibular joint? List the possible movements at
these joints, muscles producing the movements and their nerve supply. 6
2. Name the different parts of the brainstem? Describe in brief the nucleus, course and
branches of facial nerve. 6
3. Write brief notes on:
a. Neurulation 2
b. Microscopic anatomy of bone 2
4. Define catecholamine. Compare and contrast between different catecholamine.
4+2=6
5. Describe lower motor neuron paralysis. 4
6. Compare between the functions of two parts of pituitary gland- adenohypophysis
and neurohypophysis. 4+2=6
7. Describe the etiopathogenesis of acute osteomyelitis. 4
8. Describe the microscopic features of squamous cell carcinoma. 4
9. Classify the tumors of the brain. 4

58
10. Describe the microscopic features of lichen planus. 4
11. Classify the local anesthetics and mention the techniques used (method for local
anesthetic). 4
12. Mention the alkaloids present in opium. State the properties and toxic effects of
morphine. 4
13. Classify the muscle relaxant drugs and mention the effects of D-tubocuranine in
autonomic ganglia and mast cell. 4
14. States why premedication is necessary and mention the different premedication
drugs in anesthesia and their effects. 4
15. Give simple diagrammatic explanation of skeletal muscle contraction regulation by
calcium. 3+1=4
16. List four important points of difference between cardiac and skeletal muscle in
relation to their contraction. 2
17. Define: 2
a. Action potential
b. Hyperpolarization
18. List the types of Herpes viruses. Describe Herpes simplex type 1 and laboratory
diagnosis. 4
19. List the three important agents of bacterial meningitis. Describe the morphological
and cultural characters of meningococci. 4
**********************************************

60
2071/7
1. List the material of choice in restoration of class I cavity. Compare the physical
and mechanical properties of dental amalgam and composite. And write its
advantage, disadvantage & uses. 2+6+4=12
2. Describe various polymerization technique of composite resin. Mention their
advantage & disadvantage. What is polymerization shrinkage? 4+5+3=12
3. Define stress and strain. What are the type of stress? Draw stress-strain curve.
2+4+6=12
4. Classify dental wax along with their uses. Describe composition, type and
properties of inlay wax. 5+3+4=12
5. Write steps of casting procedure. What are the casting defect and their causes.
Write detail about porosity. 4+5+3=12
a) 18-8 stainless steel wire
b) Soldering and welding
c) Causes of marginal deterioration of dental amalgam restoration
d) Classify direct filling gold
***************************
2071/2
1. Classify dental cements. Write down the advantages, disadvantages and uses of Glass
Ionomer Cements (GIC). Add a note on Resin modified GIC. 4+6+2=12
2. Define composite resin. Classify composite resin on the basis of particle size and mode
of curing. Write down the advantage and disadvantage of light cure composites.
2+4+6=12
3. What are the various elastomeric impression materials? Write composition, setting
reaction and uses of any one of them. 2+5+5=12
4. Define the terms: study models, cast & die. Describe the composition and uses of inlay
wax. Discuss different type of investment materials with their uses. 3+4+5=12
Bachelor Level/BDS (FIRST Year)/ IOM Time: 3 hours
Dental Material Science IV Full Marks: 80

61
5. Define stress and strain. What are the types of stress? Draw stress-strain curve.
2+4+6=12
e) Calcium Hydroxide
f) Dental abrasives
g) Flux
h) Hue, value and chroma
**************************
2070/8
1. Classsify dental waxes along with their uses. Describe composition, type and
properties of inlay wax. 5+3+4=12
2. Write different types of casting investment materials, their composition and
properties. 4+4+4=12
3. Define impression. Classify impression materials according to use in dentistry.
3+9=12
4. Classify dental amalgam. What are the factors affecting strength of dental amalgam.
Add a note on effect of moisture contamination in dental amalgam. 4+6+2=12
5. Define tarnish and corrosion. Classify corrosion. Explain in detail about galvanic
corrosion. Briefly explain how to protect against corrosion.
2+2+5+3=12
a) Mercury toxicity
b) Dentrifrices
c) Eutectic alloys
d) Dental implant materials
**********************************************
2069/9
1. Define gypsum. Classify gypsum products. Elaborate different dental plasters.
2+2+8=12
2. Describe casting shrinkage. Describe the importance of expansion of investment
materials. 5+7=12
3. Classify composite resin. Write in detail about restorative procedures of Class I cavity
with composite resin. Write a note on siloranes. 4+7+1=12

62
4. What are high copper amalgam alloys? What are their advantages? Describe their
setting reaction. 2+4+6=12
5. Classify dental porcelain. Discuss the composition and properties of dental
porcelain. Write a note on porcelain teeth. 2+3+3+4=12
a) Separating Medium
b) Classification of dental waxes
c) Creep & Flow
d) Sandwich Technique
**********************************************
2068/8
1. Define composite resin. Give its composition. Explain the advantages and
disadvantages of light cure composite resin. 2+5+5=12
2. Define gypsum. Classify gypsum products. Elaborate different dental plasters.
2+2+8=12
3. Classify glass ionomer cement. Explain the biological properties of glass ionomer
cement. Explain in detail about miracle mix. 2+4+6=12
4. Name the various elastomeric impression materials. Give the composition, setting
reaction and uses of any two of them. 2+5+5=12
5. Describe in detail about soldering, welding and brazing. 4+4+4=12
a) 18-8 stainless steel
b) Biomaterials of dental implant
c) Glazing of porcelain
d) Anticariogenic properties of a restorative material.
*********************************************
2068/3
1. Name the various elastomeric materials. Give the composition, setting reaction and
uses of any one of them. 10
2. Describe the composition of composite resin. Write about the various curing
mechanisms of composite resin. 10
3. What are the causes of defective casting? Write in detail about porosity. 10
4. Describe the terms soldering, welding and brazing. 10

63
a) Coefficient of thermal expansion
b) Gelation process of alginate
c) Elastic limit and proportional limit
d) Flux
e) Properties of dental ceramic
f) Biomaterials for dental implant
g) Hazards of mercury
h) Glazing of porcelain.
**********************************************
2067/4
1. List the desirable properties of an investment material and write about the expansion
with investment. 10
2. List the various elastomeric impression materials. Give the composition, setting
reaction and uses of any one of them. 10
3. Write the composition of amalgam alloy. Describe the manipulation of amalgam and
objectives of each manipulation step. 10
4. What are the causes of casting failures? Write in detail about porosity. 10
a) Glazing of porcelain
b) Classification of dental waxes
c) Sprue former
d) Dentin bonding agent
e) Setting of composite resin
**********************************************
2066/2
1. Write the definition, composition and classification of dental amalgam. How can we
improve the strength of amalgam restoration? 10
2. Classify investment materials. Describe the various setting expansions with
investment and its significance. 10
3. Classify dental casting alloys. Describe casting shrinkage. 10
4. Short notes: 4x5=20
a. Acid etch technique
b. Properties of Zinc phosphate cement

64
c. Retention of glass ionomer cement
d. Drawbacks of dental ceramics
5. Write in brief: 5x6=30
a. Significance of dimensional stability
b. Creep
c. Corrosion
d. Biological property of composite resin
e. Advantages of polishing surface of various restorative materials.
*********************************************
2064/8
1. Write the composition of amalgam alloy. Describe the manipulation of amalgam and
objectives of each manipulation step. 10
2. Give the composition of dental ceramics. Enumerate its advantages and
disadvantages. 10
3. Classify impression materials. Describe addition silicon impression material. 10
4. Write short answer: 5x5=25
a) What is cold welding? What are the requirements for cold welding?
b) Write in brief the properties, advantages and disadvantages of zinc
phosphate cement.
c) Give the composition, purposes of using and precautions observed in case of
separating medium.
d) Explain about the failures in casting.
e) Discuss about monomer-polymer interaction.
a) Dental wax
b) Creep
c) Setting of composite resin
d) Dental implant materials
e) Setting of gypsum
**********************************************
2063/8
1. Define gypsum and classify gypsum products. Elaborate any one. 10
2. Elaborate composites with their setting mechanism. 10

65
3. Define and discuss tarnish and corrosion with respect to dental materials.10
4. Name the various elastomeric impression materials. Give the composition, setting
reaction and uses of any one of them. 10
a) Incomplete casting
b) Dental implant materials
c) Dental waxes
d) Glazing of porcelain
e) Low strength bases
f) Separating medium
g) Hazards of mercury
h) Calcium hydroxide
**********************************************
2062/12
1. Define and classify impression materials. Give the composition and uses of alginate.
Explain its advantages and disadvantages. 15
2. Classify denture base materials. Discuss the causes of porosities in acrylic denture
base. 15
3. Classify dental cements. Write the composition, uses and properties of zinc
phosphate cement. 15
a) Porosities in metal casting
b) Advantage and disadvantages of amalgam
c) Dental porcelain
d) 18-8 stainless steel wire
e) Soldering and welding
f) Dental implant materials
g) Gypsum products
**********************************************
2062/7
1. Describe the terms soldering, welding and brazing. 10
2. Describe the composition, setting mechanism and properties of alginate. 10
3. Give the composition of composite resin. Describe the various polymerization
systems for composite resins. 10

66
4. Define gypsum. Elaborate various dental plasters. 10
a) Impression materials
b) Dental waxes
c) Casting failures
d) Functions of acid etching
e) Orthodontic wire
f) Properties of dental ceramic
g) Zinc oxide eugenol paste
h) Biomaterials for dental implant.
**********************************************
2061/7
1. Mention the composition of composite resins. Discuss the polymerization mechanism
of composite resins. 10
2. Discuss the setting expansion of investment material to compensate for casting
shrinkage. 10
a) Elastic limit and proportional limit
b) Sprue former
c) Casting ring liners
d) Anticariogenic property of silicate cement
e) Properties of zinc phosphate cement
a) Effect of mercury content on properties of amalgam restoration
b) Flux
c) Dental stone
d) Composition and setting reaction of zinc oxide eugenol
e) Impression paste
f) Localized shrinkage porosity
g) Condensation of porcelain for fabrication of metal ceramic restoration
**********************************************

67
2061/1
1. Answer any TWO: 2x10=20
a. Describe the factors affecting the strength of amalgam restoration.
b. Classify the impression materials with the composition, setting reaction,
advantages and disadvantages of alginate impression material
c. Describe the different types of gypsum products. Describe the setting of
gypsum and factors affecting the setting time.
a. Level I test for toxicity evaluation of dental material
b. Biological properties of glass ionomer cement
c. Phosphate bonded investments
d. Composition of composite resin
e. Sprue former
f. Tarnish and corrosion
3. Write short notes on (any SIX): 6x5=30
a) 18-8 stainless steel
b) Creep and flow
c) Localized shrinkage porosity
d) Gold foil
e) Classification of dental casting alloys]
f) Uses of varnish
g) Composition of porcelain
h) Addition polymerization of synthetic resin
**********************************************
2060
1. Describe the composition of composite resin. Write about the various curing
mechanisms of composite resin. 10
2. Describe different types of gypsum products. Write about the setting expansion of
gypsum. 10
3. What are the causes of defective casting? Write in detail about porosity. 10
4. Describe in brief: 5x5=25
a. Gelation process of alginate
b. Copolymerization
c. Dentin bonding agent
d. Zinc phosphate cement

68
e. Coefficient of thermal expansion
a. Glazing of porcelain
b. Definition of soldering, brazing and welding
c. Sprue former
d. Thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity
e. Condensation of dental amalgam
**********************************************
2059
ATTEMPT ANY FIVE QUESTIONS
1. List various elastomeric impression materials. Describe the composition, setting
reaction and properties of condensation silicone. 16
2. What is corrosion? Discuss different types of corrosion. 16
3. Classify denture base materials. Discuss the causes of porosity in acrylic denture
base. 16
4. Write the composition of porcelain. Describe the importance and methods of its
condensation. 16
a. Composition and uses of varnish
b. Modulus of elasticity
c. Mechanism of gelation
d. Tarnish and corrosion
a. Porosity in metal casting
b. 18-8 stainless steel
c. Setting gypsum
d. Composition of composite resin
**********************************************
2058
1. Classify dental cements. Write in detail about zinc oxide eugenol cement. 10
2. Name different types of waxes used in dentistry. Describe the composition and
properties of inlay wax. 10
3. Describe different types of gypsum products. Describe the factors affecting the
setting time of gypsum. 10

69
4. Classify composite resin. Write in detail about the small particle composite resin. 10
a. Fluxes
b. Dental varnish
c. Stone plaster
d. Incomplete casting
6. Describe in brief:
a. Anticariogenic property of glass ionomer cement
b. Composition of porcelain
c. Degassing of direct filling gold
d. Precautions to be taken during investment of cast restoration.
**********************************************
2058
ATTEMPT ANY FIVE QUESTIONS
1. Define tarnish and corrosion. Classify corrosion and write in short about galvanic
corrosion. 16
2. Write the composition and properties of glass ionomer cements. Describe its
adhesive and anticariogenic properties. 16
3. Define welding and soldering. What are the requisites of good dental solder and
function using dental flux. 16
4. Describe the different types of gypsum used in dentistry. Write the setting of
gypsum. Enumerate the factors affecting the strength of plaster. 16
a. Stress and strain
b. Stages of polymerization
c. Annealing
d. Classification of impression material
6. Compare the following: 6+5+5=16
a. High copper and low copper amalgam
b. Normal and hygroscopic expansion
c. Dual cure and tri-cure system
**********************************************

70
2057
1. List the luting cements. Write in detail about the polycarboxylate cement.16
2. Classify the casting defects. Describe the causes of surface roughness and
irregularities. 16
3. What is dental amalgam? Write its composition and factors affecting the strength of
amalgam investment. 16
4. Give differences between followings: 4x4=16
a) Malleability and ductility
b) Rigidity and flexibility
c) Resilience and toughness
d) Creep and flow
a) Acid etching
b) Advantages and disadvantages of glass ionomer
c) Composition and setting of alginate
d) Composition and desirable properties of inlay wax.

1st yr-qbank-2071

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