THIS PRESENTATION IS FOR THE MEDICAL STUDENTS AND THEY NEED TO GIVE A SEMINAR ON THIS TOPIC I M SURE THIS SHALL PRETTY USEFUL FOR THE PURPOSE

1. NIKITA KAJLA
ROLL NUMBER 49

2. Introduction
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Functions Of Intestine
Intestinal Disorders
Peptic Ulcers
Celiac Disease
Crohn’s Disease
Diverticularisis
Mesentric Ischemia

4. SMALL INTESTINE
One of the most
important organs
for immune
defense
Largest endocrine
organ of the body
Starts from the
pylorus and ends
at the caecum
3 parts
Duodenum
Jejunum
Illeum

6. DUODENUM
First section of the small intestine in most higher
vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds.
Protects the jejunum and ileum and is the shortest
path of small intestine
Most digestion takes place here
25-38cm long connecting the stomach to the jejunum
Divided into 4 parts

7. Compound
tubular or
submucosal
glands
Main function
to produce a
mucus rich
alkaline secretion
Distinguishing
feature

8. JEJUNUM
Second part of the small intestine
Interior surface covered in finger like
projections of mucosa, called villi.
Ph- usually between 7 and 9
Large circular folds present in its submucosa
called plicae circulares
Main function:- specialized for absorption by
enterocytes.
Also involved in Magnesium absorption

10. Ileum
Final and longest section of the small intestine
Responsible for the final stages of protein and
carbohydrate digestion
Usually 2-4m long
Ileum has abundant Peyer’s patches.
Main function is to absorb vitamin B12 and bile
salts and products not absorbed in jejunum
Have relatively abundant goblet cells

12. FUNCTIONS OF SMALL
INTESTINE
DIGESTION
The small intestine is where
most chemical digestion takes
place. Many of the digestive
enzymes that act in the small
intestine are secreted by
the pancreas and liver and
enter the small intestine via
the pancreatic duct.
ABSORBPTION
Digested food is now able to
pass into the blood vessels
in the wall of the intestine
through either diffusion or
active transport. The small
intestine is the site where
most of the nutrients from
ingested food are absorbed.
IMMUNOLOGICAL
The small intestine supports the
body's immune system. The presence of
probiotic gut flora appear to contribute
positively to the host's immune system.
Peyer's patches, located within the ileum of
the small intestine, are an important part of
the digestive tract's local immune system.

13. Bleeding
Celiac disease
Crohn's disease
Infections
Intestinal cancer
Intestinal
obstruction
Ulcers, such
as peptic ulcer

15. Peptic ulcer
disease (PUD), also
known as a peptic
ulcer or stomach
ulcer, is a break in the
lining of the stomach,
first part of the small
intestine, or
occasionally the
lower esophagus
An ulcer in the
first part of the
intestines is
known as
a duodenal
ulcer.

16. H.pylori
NSAIDS
Stress

18. Also known
as celiac sprue or
gluten-sensitive
enteropathy -- is a
digestive
and autoimmune
disorder that results in
damage to the lining of
the small intestine
when foods with gluten
are eaten.

19. Digestive problems (abdominal bloating,
pain, gas, diarrhea, pale stools, and weight
loss)
A severe skin rash called dermatitis
herpetiformis
Iron deficiency anemia (low blood count)
Musculoskeletal problems (muscle cramps,
joint and bone pain)
Growth problems and failure to thrive (in
children)
Seizures
Tingling sensation in the legs (caused
by nerve damage and low calcium)
Aphthous ulcers (sores in the mouth)
Missed menstrual periods

20. Inflammatory Diseases: Crohn

21. A chronic inflammatory bowel disease
that affects the lining of the digestive
tract.

23. Diverticular Disease
Diverticulosis is the
formation of numerous
tiny pockets, or
diverticula, in the lining of
the bowel. Diverticula,
which can range from pea-
size to much larger, are
formed by increased
pressure on weakened
spots of the intestinal
walls by gas, waste, or
liquid.

24. Diverticulectomy

25. Mesenteric ischemia
Mesenteric ischemia is a
medical condition in which
injury of the small
intestine occurs due to not
enough blood supply. It can
come on suddenly, known
as acute mesenteric
ischemia, or gradually,
known as chronic
mesenteric ischemia.

26. • HYPER ACTIVE STAGE
• PARALYTIC PHASE
• SHOCK PHASE

27. BD CHAURASIA
GRAY’S ANATOMY
CLASS NOTES
VISHRAM SINGH CLINICAL
ANATOMY