- Dr. Anupam Soni and Dr. Ravi Rajoriya are from the Department of LPM & AGB at RPS College of Veterinary College in Balana, Mahendergarh. - The document discusses various cattle breeds found in India, classified by type (milch, dual purpose, draft). Key milch breeds described include Sahiwal, Red Sindhi, Gir, Rathi, and Deoni. Key draft breeds described include Amritmahal, Hallikar, Kangayam, and Krishna Valley. - Details provided for each breed include origin/breeding tract, physical characteristics, coloring, horn shape, and average milk production. Cross

1.  Dr. Anupam Soni and Dr. Ravi Rajoriya
 M.V.Sc.
Assistant Professor
Department of LPM &
AGB
 RPS College of Veterinary College, Balana,
Mahendergarh

2. What is Breed ?
• A breed is a specific group of domestic animals having homogeneous appearance (phenotype), homogeneous
behaviour, and/or other characteristics that distinguish it from other organisms of the same species.
• At present time 50cattle breeds and 19 buffaloes registered in India
Classification of breeds of cattle on the basis of type of horns (Payne,1970):
Short-horned zebu: Bachaur, Hariana, Krishna Valley, Gaolao, Nagori, Mewati, Ongole and Rathi.
Lateral-horned zebu: Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, Dangi, Deoni, Nimari
Lyre-horned zebu: Kankrej, Malvi, Tharparkar
Long-horned zebu: Amritmahal, Hallikar, Kangayam and Khillari
Small short-horned/lyre-horned zebu: Ponwar, Punganoor, Shahabadi, Kumauni

3. Milch Breeds Dual Purpose Breeds Draft Breeds
1. Sahiwal 1. Badri 1.Amritmahal
2. Red Sindhi 2. Belahi 2. Bachaur
3. Gir 3. Binjharpuri 3. Bargur
4. Deoni 4. Rathi 4. Dagri
5. Gangatiri 5. Dangi
6. Gaolao 6. Ghumusari
7. Hariana 7. Hallikar
8. Himachali Pahari 8. Kangayam
9. Kankrej 9. Kenkatha
10. Lakhimi 10. Khariar
11. Nari 11. Kherigarh
12. Ongole 12. Khillar
13. Poda Thirupu 13. Kokan Kapila
14. Punganur 14. Kosali

4. Milch Breeds Dual Purpose Breeds Draft Breeds
15. Purnea 15. Krishna Valley
16. Tharparkar 16. Ladakhi
17. Malnad Gidda
18. Malvi
19. Mewati
20. Motu
21. Nagori
22. Nimari
23. Ponwar
24. Pulikulam
25. Red Kandhari
26. Siri
27. Umblachery
28. Vechur

6. Sahiwal:
• Original breeding tract in Montgomery district (Pakistan),
Ferozepur and Amritsar districts in Punjab.
• Heavy breed, heavy body confirmation, typical coat colour is
red/brown, head is medium sized, horns are short and stumpy.
• Dewlap is large and pendulous, hump in males is massive and droops on one side, tail is long
almost touching the ground, navel flap is loose and hanging, udder is well developed.
• The average milk yield of this breed is between 1700 and 2700 kgs in lactation period of 300
days.

7. Red Sindhi:
• Red Sindhi is a reputed heat tolerant milch cattle breed
• Sindh province of Pakistan.
• It is also known as “Malir”, “Red Karachi” and “Sindhi”.
• The breed is of distinct red colour and darker than Sahiwal. Red shades vary from dark red to
dim yellow but most commonly, the animals are dark red.
• Horns are thick at the base and emerge laterally and curve upward.
• Muzzle is black, well developed hump specially large in males, dewlap is large and
pendulous, navel flap is prominent.
• The milk yield of the cattle ranges from 1100 to 2600 kg per lactation with an average yield of
1840 kg per lactation.
• Fat percentage in the milk varies from 4 to 5.2% with an average of 4.5%.

8. Gir:
• The breed is also known as “Bhodali”, “Desan”, “Gujarati”,
“Kathiawari”, “Sorthi”, and “Surati”.
• Junagadh and Rajkot districts of Gujarat and is named after the Gir forest
• This is a world-renowned breed known for its tolerance to stress conditions.
• The animals are of red colour. Many animals have white spots. Variants with
different sheds of
red are also available.
• The animals have typically dome shaped fore head and long ears, Horns are
peculiarly curved, giving a ‘half moon’appearance.
• Reported Average Milk production is 2110 lit. per lactation.
• Exported to Western countries to develop beef breeds.

9. Rathi:
• Rathi is an important milch breed of cattle found in the arid regions of Rajasthan.
• It takes its name from a pastoral tribe called Raths.
• Rathi animals are particularly concentrated in Loonkaransar tehsil of Bikaner district, which is
also known as Rathi tract.
• The Breeding tract of this breed lies in the heart of Thar Desert consisting of Bikaner,
Ganganagar and Jaisalmer districts of Rajasthan.
• The animals are usually brown with white patches all over the body, but animals having
completely brown or black coat with white patches are also seen.
• The cows on an average produce 1560 kilo grams of milk.
• The lactation milk yield ranges from 1062 to 2810 Kg.

11. Deoni:
• Deoni taluk of Latur district in Maharashtra.
• The breed is also known as “Surti”, “Dongarpati”, “Dongri”, “Wannera”, “Waghyd”,
“Balankya” and “Shevera”.
• Body colour is usually spotted black and white.
• This breed has three strains viz. Balankya (complete white), Wannera (complete white with partial black face) and
Waghyd or Shevera (black and white spotted).
• Small sized horns emerge from the side of the poll behind and above the eyes in outward and upward direction.
The tips of the horn are blunt.
• The breed is characterized by drooping ears and prominent & slightly bulging forehead.
• The breed produces scanty milk with average yield of 868 kg per lactation
• The fat percentage in the milk is 4.3 % on an average.

12. Gangatiri:
• Gangatiri is also known as Eastern Hariana or Shahabadi.
Uttar Pradesh.
• The animals of this breed are medium milk producers and possess good draftability also.
• The colour is complete white or Grey.
• The horns are medium sized and emerge from side of the poll behind
and above eyes in outward and curving upwards and inwards
ending with pointed tips.
• The forehead is prominent, straight and broad with shallow groove in the middle.
• Eyelids, muzzle, hooves and tail switch are generally black in colour.
• The average milk yield in a lactation is around 1050 Kg, varying from 900 to 1200 Kg
with an
average fat of 4.9 %, varying from 4.1 to 5.2 %.

13. Gaolao:
• The breeding tract of the breed includes Balaghat, Chhindwara of Madhya Pradesh
• The breed is suitable for transportation in hilly areas.
• The coat colour is blackish white in males and white in females.
• Males are generally grey over the neck. Horns are short, stumpy and curved slightly backward.
Head is markedly long and taper towards muzzle. Forehead recedes at the top giving a slightly
convex appearance.
• The milk yield is low with an average of 604 kg per lactation with 4.32% fat (ranges between
470 to 725 kg per lactation).

14. Hariana:
• origin Haryana
• Typically, the breed is white or light grey coloured with coffin shaped skull.
• In bulls colour in between fore and hind quarters is relatively dark or dark grey.
• The animals have long and narrow face, well-marked bony prominence at the centre of poll
and small horns.
• The breed is mainly maintained for bullock production as they are powerful work animals and
therefore more attention is paid in managing male calves.
• Good cows can produce even up to 1700 kilo grams of milk in a lactation with average cows
producing around 997 Kg in a lactation

15. Kankrej:
• Gujarat and some part rajasthan
• Coat colour of the animal varies from silver grey to iron grey and steel black.
• In males, forequarters, hindquarters, and hump are slightly darker than the rest of the body.
• Bulls tend to get darker than cows and bullocks.
• The hump in the males is well developed and not as firm as in other breeds. Forehead is broad
and slightly dished in the centre.
• Face is short and nose slightly upturned.
• Sawai chal and its large, pendulous ears

16. Ongole:
• Ongole is a prominent dual purpose breed of Andhra Pradesh.
• The breed is also known as “Nellore”.
• The breed is known for hardiness, disease resistance and capacity to thrive on
scanty resources.
• The breed has glossy white coat colour. Males possess dark markings on head,
neck and hump and black points on knees and pastern.
• Horns are short and stumpy, growing outward and backward from the outer
angles of the poll, thick at the base and firm without cracks.
• In cows, horns are thinner than bulls. Horns in cows generally extend
outward, upward and inward.
• Breed can be identified visibly by its majestic gait, stumpy horns and large fan
shaped and fleshy dewlap.

17. Purnea:
• Purnea is small sized breed of cattle and origin Bihar.
• This breed of cattle is mainly used for milk, draught and
• Colour of the animals are primarily grey followed by red and
black.
• medium hump, small to medium dewlap, small naval
flap and small to medium sized udder.
• Horns are straight and mostly carried upwards sometimes
laterally.
• The average lactation yield of the cow is 609 kg and milk fat
is 4.22 % (ranges from 4 to 4.5 %).

18. Tharparkar:
• Tharparkar (named after the Thar Desert in Rajasthan)
• It is a dual purpose and disease resistant
cattle breed.
• The breed is also known as “White Sindhi”, “Grey
Sindhi” and “Thari
• The breed is medium sized compact with white and
light grey coloured coat.
• Face and extremities are darker than rest of the body.
• In bulls neck, hump, and fore and hind quarters are also
dark.

20. Amritmahal:
• Amritmahal is also known as “Doddadana”, “Jawari Dana” and
“Number Dana”.
• Karnataka.
• The breed is usually Grey in colour but the colour varies from
white to almost black. White grey markings are present on face
and dewlap in some animals. Dark shades on neck, shoulder, hump
and hindquarters.
• Head is long and tapers towards muzzle. Horns are long and
emerge from the top of the poll, fairly close together in backward
and upward direction, turn in and end in sharp black points -
sometime touching each other.
• This is a famous draught breed known for its power and endurance
and animals are fiery and active. Bullocks are especially suited for
trotting and quick transportation.

21. Bachaur:
• The breeding tract of Bachaur cattle is Sitamarhi
district of Bihar.
• The breed is primarily utilized for draft qualities
and ability to thrive with lower quality feeds.
• Common colours of Bachaur cattle is grey or
greyish white.
• They are compact with straight backs,
well-rounded barrels, short necks and
muscular shoulders.
• The forehead is broad and flat or slightly convex.
The eyes are large and prominent.
• The horns are medium-sized and stumpy, curving
outward, upward and downward.

22. Hallikar:
• Also known as “Mysore”, the breed is considered as best draught breed of Southern India.
Origin Karnataka. It is white to light grey in colour.
• Horns emerge near each other from top of poll and are carried straight, upward and backward.
• White markings or irregular patches around the eyes, cheeks, neck or shoulder region are also
found.

23. Kangayam:
• Tamil Nadu
• The breed is usually gray or white in color. Coat is red
at birth, but changes to grey at about 6 month of age.
• The males are generally gray in color with black or very
dark gray markings on the head, neck, hump and
quarters.
• Cows are generally white and gray with deep markings
on the knees, and just above the fetlocks on all four
legs.
• The most prominent feature of this breed is that they
have dark eyes with prominent black
rings around them.
• Horn are long and strong, take backward, outward and
upward sweep and then curving inward with tips
tending to meet each other to form crescent shape.

24. Krishna Valley:
• Belgaum, Raichur and Bijapur districts of
Karnataka and Maharashtra.
• The common colour is grey - white with a
darker shade on fore & hindquarters in males.
• Adult females are more whitish in
appearance. Brown & white, black & white,
and mottled colours are often seen.
• Its massive body and distinct bulging
forehead can easily identify this breed.
• Horns are small in size and curved and
usually emerge in an outward direction from
the outer angles of the poll curving slightly
upward and inward.

25. Umblachery:
• A noted draught cattle breed of Tamil Nadu,
Umblachery is famous
for its sturdiness
and strength.
• Males are dark grey with black extremities
whereas cows are grey with light dark grey area in
face, neck and hip regions.
• There are white markings on face, limb and tail
and the marking on the leg resembles socks.
• This breed is suitable for ploughing, carting,
threshing and levelling in marshy paddy fields
because of its medium size.

26. Vechur:
• Vechur is one of the dwarf cattle breeds of India.
• Alleppey, Kottayam, Pathanamthitta and Kasargode
districts of Kerala.
• The animals are light red, black or fawn and white in
colour. In bulls, colour in between fore and
hindquarters is relatively dark or dark grey. Horns are
small, thin curving forward and downward.
• Average milk yield is 561 Kg per lactation and the
milk fat percent ranges from 4.7 to 5.8.

28. Holstein Friesian:
• Originated from the Northern parts of Netherlands, especially in the province of Friesland.
• Largest dairy and highest milk producer breed.
• Ruggedly built, Head is long, narrow and straight with slightly rounded withers.
• Large capacious udder, colour is typical markings of black and white all over the body
• Milk yield 5000-9000 kg, Av.: 25 liter of milk per day, whereas a cross breed H.F. cow gives
10-15 liter per day.

29. Jersey:
• Originated from Jersey Island, U.K.
• Smallest of the dairy types of cattle.
• Compact and angular body, the colour in
Jerseys may vary from a very light grey or
mouse colour to a very dark fawn or a shade
that is almost black.
• Commonly darker about the hips and about
the head and shoulders than on the body.
• Age at first calving : 26-30 months, Inter-
calving 13-14 months, Milk yield 5000-8000
kg, Cross bred Jersey cow gives 8-10 litres
per day.

30. Brown Swiss
• Origin: The mountainous region of Switzerland.
• Breeds are rugged in nature and good milk production.
• Average milk yield is 5000 kg per lactation.
• The Karan Swiss is the excellent crossbred cattle obtained by crossing this
breed with Sahiwal
cattle at NDRI, Karnal.
• Large docile breed
• Hair is brown of various shades

31. Red Dane
• Originated in Denmark.
• Body colour is red, reddish brown or even dark brown.
• A heavy breed.
• The lactation yield varies from 3000 to 4000 kg.

32. Ayrshire
Origin: Scotland
Considered as most beautiful dairy breed.
very active animals but hard to manage.
They do not produce as much milk or butter fat (only 4%) as some of the
other dairy breeds.
It is also known as Dunlop cattle or Cunningham cattle
Dark red and white in
color

33. Guernsey
• Guernsey in France.
• Cherry red to brown in colour. Mahogany and white is a variation in colour.
• The milk has a golden colour due to an exceptionally high content of beta-carotene.
• Produce around 6000 kg milk per lactation.
• Notable advantages: High efficiency of milk production, low incidence of calving difficulty
and longevity.

35. • Crossbreeding work started in India as early as 1875, near Patna using Shorthorn bull
on local cows and the “Taylor” breed of cattle was formed (Sinha, 1951).
• The average milk yield of 5-6 liters/day.
• These animals are black, grey or red in colour.

36. Karan Swiss:
• Origin: NDRI Karnal, Haryana, Cross between Sahiwal cow and Brown Swiss Bull.
• Colour: Light grey to deep brown
• Head and Neck: Forehead is slightly dished, neck is medium
• Horns: Horns are sharp.
• Ears: Small
• Hump: absent
• Naval flap: Slightly loose
• BodyBody is large, Legs are proportionate in size and well set apart
• Milk Yield: 3500kg/lactation

37. Karan Fries:
• The Karan Fries were developed in India at the National Dairy Research Institute at Karnal.
• The breed was developed using Holstein (Friesian) and Tharparkar.
• This breed has black and white spots on the body, forehead, and tail of the cows.
• These cows give milk up to 9 litters to 10.50 litters per day, and they have the capacity to
provide milk up to 3000 to 3400 litters a year.

38. Sunandini:
• In 1963, the bilateral project Indo-Swiss Project Kerala (ISPK) - now named Kerala Livestock
Development Board (KLDB) - was started to develop a new breed of cattle through cross-
breeding.
• Sunandini is a composite breed of cattle developed in India by crossing nondescript cattle
with Brown Swiss, Jersey cattle and Holstein Friesian cattle.
• overall lactation yield of 3 200 kg.

39. Phule Triveni:
• Phule triveni,breed of cow is developed by Mahatma Phule Krishi vidyapeeth,Rahuri,Dist-
Ahmednagar, Maharashtra.
• This breed consists of Holestian friesean,Jersey and Gir combinations.
• It is cross bred and has average milk production of 3000 to 3500 litre per lactation with 3.8 to
4.2 % fat in milk.

40. Vrindavani:
• Vrindavani cattle are recently developed synthetic crossbred cattle strain of India.
• It has the exotic inheritance of Holstein-Friesian, Brown Swiss, Jersey and indigenous
inheritance of Hariana cattle.

41. Frieswal:
• Frieswal cattle is one of the crossbred strains having 5/8 Holstein Friesian and 3/8 Sahiwal
inheritance, developed by ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, in
collaboration with Ministry of Defence.
• The project was started in 1987 for the evolution of a new crossbred national milch breed:
Frieswal - (Holstein-Sahiwal), yielding 4,000 kg of milk with 4% butter fat in a mature
lactation of 300 days.

42. Jersind:
• It is the cross between Red Sindhi and Jersey.
Jerthar:
• It is the cross between Jersey and Tharparkar.

43. Murrrah
Worlds best buffalo breed with having
good milk production.
Origin- valley of yamuna in haryana state–
rohtak, delhi,meerut in up.
Character- long neck, horns round &
turned, forehead round and forwarded, long
ears, black colour,tail long & switch of tails is
black.
Milk yield- 2000 to 4500
liters in 300 days with 7-8 % fat.
Murrah

44. Mehsana
ORIGIN- mehasana district in gujrat. Cross cross between surti & murrah buffalo.
Character- length comparatively shorter than murrah
Buffalo, height also less than murrah,horns turned downward then outward & goes upward
direction. Ears are shorter than murrah,short forehead, black coloured,short tail with black
switch.
Milk yield-Average 2000 to 4000 liters with 7-8%

45. Surti
ORIGIN- vally of mahi & sabarmati
river,surat district in gujrat
Character- The Surti buffaloes
are of medium size and docile temperament. The
breed has got a fairly broad and long head with a
convex shape at the top in between horns. Horns
are sickle-shaped and flat which grow in a
downward & backward direction and then
upwards at the tip forming a hook. The skin
color is black or brown. Surti breed has got an
unique straight back. Good specimen have two
white collars.
SURTI
Average milk production:- i)Ist
Lactation:-1500-1600 Kg
ii) Other than Ist Lactation:
- 1900-2000 Kg
Fat:- 7 to 7.5% SNF:- 9 to 9.15%
Age at Ist calving:- 45 to 47 months Calving
interval:- 400 to 425 days
Body weight at maturity:- 350 to 375 Kg
Breeding period:- Seasonal (Sept. to April)

46. Jaffrabadi (jafri) buffalo-
ORIGIN- kathiwad,saurashtra,kutchh area in gujrat
CHARACTER- heafty breed,big forehead,round horns-turned below then upwards
form head & then round.Small eyes ,ears are long,legs are strong and tail is longer.
Milk yield Average 2200 litres per lactation .Age at first calving is 50 to 55 months..fat is 7-
8 %.

47. Nilli ravi
Origin- punjab,amritsar,pakistan-lahore and ravi river
Area.
Character- white colour in eye,broad forehead,white
Mark from foreead to nostrils ,switch of tail is white,white bands on legs,long body ansd
less hight then murrah buffalos.(Panch kalyani).
Milk production:- 3300 to 4500 litres per lactation.

48.  BHADAWARI
 ORIGIN-Breed is found in the
Gwalior & Bhind districts in
 M.P.
 CHARACTER:-Animal of this breed
are medium sized and of wedge shape.
Small head, tail is long, thin and flexible
with Black and White or pure White
marking reaching up to fetlock.
 Legs are short & stout. The
body is usually light, copper colored
which is peculiar. The ears are
scanty.
 MILK PRODUCTION- 780 Liter in
272 days & Fat 7-13 %

49. PANDHARPURI
ORIGIN- Southern Maharashtra,Kolhapur,Solapur,Sangli,& Satara district in
Maharashtra
CHARACTER:-Medium sized& broad fore head,prominent nose bones.Horns are long
which turned backwards then outwards ,goes up ward near to back bone.Coloue is black or
grey.Can be milked at any place at any time.
MILK YIELD- 1500 liters in 305 days with 7-8 % fat. There are similar buffaloes in
Vidarbha and Marathwada region called as Nagpuri or Marathwadi buffaloes.

50. National Research Centreon Pig, Rani, Guwahati.
Classification based on colour
White breed Yorkshire , Landrace, Chester White
Black with some white Hampshire, Berkshire, Poland china
Black and white Spot
Red breed Duroc and Tamworth
Red with some white Hereford

51. ⚫Popular England bacon purposes
⚫The large White Yorkshire is a popular
⚫Colour : Entirely White in colour, black pigment spots called “ Freckles”
⚫Prolific breeder, good mother, bacon type, excellent breed for crossbreeding
⚫Live weight : boar 300-400 kg and sow 230- 320kg

52. ⚫This breed was evolved in Yorkshire of
Northern England by crossing.
• High percentage of lean meat to bone, upturned dished face, short snout
⚫First entered in the herd book in 1885.
⚫The breed is an excellent pork pig.
⚫Boar 250-340kg, Sow 180-270 kg.

53. ⚫ Oldest English breed of Swine.
⚫ South central England.
⚫ In south India popular for Upgrading programme.
⚫ Litter Size 9.9
⚫ Suitable under Indian conditions
⚫ dished face, erect ear
The back is long, level arched and narrow back.
Legs are straight and set long
Matured body weight boar 270-380kg and sow 200-290kg

54. ⚫Denmark
⚫Produces high quality bacon in the world.
⚫Heavy lop ears.
⚫Square ham
⚫Landrace is susceptible to sunburn.
⚫less back fat and lard, slight concave nose, known for prolificacy and feed
efficiency

55. ⚫England
⚫Golden red colour
⚫Carcass produce bacon on finest quality.
⚫Good bacon type, careful mothers, excellent foragers
⚫Boar 350 kg sows 250-300kg

56. ⚫North-eastern USA
⚫Duroc which is the outcome of blending of two breeds, Jersey
Reds and Durocs of New Yark.
⚫The breeds is moderately red coloured with sheds varying
from a golden to cherry red colour.
⚫two third ear lop, arched back, sows are excellent mothers
⚫It is good meat type
⚫Mature boar is about 400kg ,Sow 350 kg

57. ⚫Dwarf breeds
⚫It is one of the never breeds of swine.
⚫USA
⚫The white colour must appear on at least two feet and extend up to an
inch or more above the hoof

58. ⚫South-eastern pennsylvania, principally in
chester and Dela counties of USA.
⚫As the name indicates, the breed is white in colour with some
bluish spots sometime found in the skin.

61. • Hampshire breed originated in Kentucky(USA).
• In the beginning it was called ‘thin rind’ but later the breed was
changed to Hampshire.
• Medium framed animal with upright ears.
• The breed is black with a white belt which entirely encircles the body
including both front leg and feet, the head and neck are black
• Long head with slightly dished snout
• They are known for excellent carcass quality
• Matured body weight boar 320kg and sow 280kg

63. ⚫The desi pig (Country Hog )
⚫Evolved from gradual domestication of wild pigs are
⚫Small sized pigs
⚫Body weightabout of 35-45 kg andare found in U.P, M.P,
Bihar, Punjab state of India.
⚫Black colour
⚫Short ear and elongated
⚫Birth weight is low.
⚫Tail reach near to hocks which tuft of hair
⚫High disease resistance.
⚫High adoptability.

64. ⚫Ghori breed of pigs has evolved from Sus salvanius
 hodsgon in found in North-Eastern region.
⚫Ankamali pigs from Kerla, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Maharashtra state in
India

65. ⚫Tenyi Vo pig is reared in Nagalend
⚫Nicobari fast runner pig from the Nicobar Islands
⚫Doom pig Assam.
⚫Mali Tripura
⚫Purnea Bihar and Jharkhand

66. ⚫The indigenous breeds of horses/ponies include Marwari, Kathiawari,
Manipuri, Spiti, Bhutiaand Zanskari.
⚫The exotic breeds of horses introduced in India include English thoroughbred,
Water, Arab, Polish, Connemera and Hal flinger.
⚫The Arab, the first to be introduced, is believed to have contributed substantially
for the evolution of Kathiawari, Marwari, Sindhi, Malani and Manipuri horses.

67.  Breed Location Purpose
 Kathiawari Gujarat Pace & Speed
 Marwari Rajasthan Pace & Speed
 Bhutia Himalayan Ranges Hill purpose
 Manipuri Manipur Speed, polo and sports
 Spiti Himachal Pradesh Pace
 Zanskari Jammu & Kashmir Hill purpose

68. ⚫Udaipur, Jalor, Jodhpur and Rajasamand
⚫The predominant body colour is brown where as other body colours are
roan, chestnut, white and black with white patches.
⚫Ears are at 90º axis and can rotate at 180º angle. Ear tips are pointed and
curved inward like a sickle.
⚫Reared for riding, sports and safari
⚫The Marwari horses have 130-140 cm long body, 152- 160 cm height
and 47 cm tail length without switch.
⚫The Marwari horses are longer and taller than Kathiawari horses.

69. ⚫Rajkot and Amreli.
⚫The most prominent body colour is chestnut followed by bay (body chestnut,
Foreleg up to knee and fetlock are black, Keshwali black, Hairs of tail and
neck are black), grey (complete white colour) and dun (light chestnut).
⚫Concave profile, long neck, short leg and squared quarters.

70. ⚫Face is dry and short, triangular from pale to forehead and
small muzzle.
⚫Big nostrils, edge of nostril is thin.
⚫Small, fine and curved upright ears on 90 degrees axis that can
rotate at 180 degrees.
⚫Broad forehead
⚫Large expressive sensitive eyes.
⚫T
ail is long, not bushy, curved well and touching to the ground, foot
round and broad.

71. ⚫Kullu and Kinnaur
⚫These horses are smaller in height.
⚫ mainly used as back animal and for riding
⚫The Konimare ponies are comparatively taller.
⚫Body is well developed with fairlystrong bones.

72. ⚫The predominant body colour is grey (complete white) followed by
black, black flay bone (white body with black patches), brown and bay.
⚫These strong and hardy ponies are adapted to cold desert regions and
capable of thriving under adverse condition of nutrition, food scarcity,
low temperatures and longer journey at high altitude.
⚫The legs are thick and covered with long coarse hairs. The mane is
longer having 20 to 30 cm long hairs.
⚫The horses are nervous in temperament.

73. ⚫Leh and Laddakh
⚫The predominant body colour is grey followed by black and copper.
⚫The horses are known for their ability to work, run adequately and carry
loads at high altitude (20 to -40 degree celsius). Horses are medium in size,
well built and 120 to 140 cm high.
⚫The body hairs are fine, long and glossy.
⚫The Zanskari horses have predominant eyes, heavy and long tail and
uniform gait.
⚫Face is long and ratio of length and width of face is 3:1
⚫These horses are used for draught, transport, riding and polo.

74. ⚫Manipur and Assam (Asian type pony).
⚫Mane is generally coarse and upright.
⚫Eyes is almond shaped
⚫The area between the nostrils is flat not crispy. Withers are not
prominent.
⚫Face is concave and tail is well set and commensurate with
height.
⚫Manipuri ponies are intelligent and extremely tough, and have tremendous
endurance.
⚫Perhaps all these good qualities made it suitable for polo game for which it is
globally famous.

75. ⚫Sikkim and Darjeeling.
⚫They are usually grey or bay coloured and similar to the Tibetan pony.
⚫Strong legs and long hairs on neck and tail are
characteristic features of this breed.
⚫It can live on less feed as required by other horses and
ponies.

76.  This breed is found in the Chummarti valley of Tibet.
 In India, these horses are available in Himachal Pradesh.
 This breed is very similar to Spiti. Height at withers is 127-
129 cm.

77. ⚫Arabian
⚫Barb
⚫Morgan
⚫Belgian
⚫Hal finger
⚫Saddle back
⚫Quarter horse
⚫Paint
⚫Pinto

78. ⚫The mules are most useful pack
animals as they play important role
and transport in
the military
 establishments as well as in civilian occupations particularly in hills.
⚫The mule combines some of the superior qualities of both horses and
donkeys.
⚫It has size, speed strength and spirit of the horse, along with the
surefooted-ness, lack of excitability, endurance and ability to thrive
on poor feed.

79.  Thoroughbred horses have been developed
by crossing warm-blooded Arabian horses
with cold blood heavy breed European
horses.
 These horses are used for competitiveness
at various racecourses.
 Indian Army and Paramilitary forces and
police
 Distinctive feature Long fore arm and lesser
thigh, long distance from hip to hock, long
smooth muscling. The rear quarters are
highly powerful.

80.  Welsh or welsh mountain pony: is ideal for young children as
play and pet animal
 Connemara: largest of pony breed
 Miniature horse: the maximum high for registration by the
international miniature horse registry is 32 inches only. Eg.
Tom Thumb (23”), Cactus (26”), Flabella (15”)