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UÀtPÀAiÀÄAvÀ
æ ²PÀët
UÀtPÀAiÀÄAvÀæzÀ ¥ÀjPÀ®à£É
“UÀtPÀAiÀÄAvÀæ” CxÀªÁ “PÀA¥ÀÆålgï” ¯Áån£ï
¨sÁµÉAiÀÄ “PÀA¥ÀÆåmï” JA§ ¥ÀzÀ¢AzÀ §A¢zÉ.
PÀA¥ÀÆåmï JAzÀgÉ ¯ÉPÁÌZÁgÀ ªÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ
JAzÀxÀð. DzÀÝjAzÀ UÀtPÀAiÀÄAvÀæªÀ£ÀÄß
“¯ÉPÁÌZÁgÀ ªÀiÁqÀĪÀ AiÀÄAvÀ攪ÉAzÀÄ
PÀgÉAiÀħºÀÄzÀÄ.
UÀtPÀAiÀÄAvÀæzÀ ªÁåSÁå£À
(Definition)
•UÀtPÀAiÀÄAvÀæªÀÅ zÀvÁÛA±ÀUÀ¼À CxÀªÁ ªÀiÁ»wUÀ¼À£ÀÄß
NzÀĪÀ, ¸ÀAUÀ滸ÀĪÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀA¸ÀÌj¹ CxÀð¥ÀÆtð
¥sÀ°vÁA±ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄߤÃqÀĪÀ «zÀÄå£Áä£À AiÀÄAvÀæ”
•“Computer is an electronic device, which reads stores
and process the data or information to produce
meaningful results / outputs”
•UÀtPÀAiÀÄAvÀæªÀÅ CAPÀUÀtwÃAiÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ vÁQðPÀ
QæAiÉÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¤ªÀð»¸ÀĪÀ ¸ÁªÀÄxÀåðªÀ£ÀÄß ºÉÆA¢gÀĪÀ
«zÀÄå£Áä£ÀG¥ÀPÀgÀtªÁVzÉ.
•Computer is an electronic device, capable of
performing arithmetic and logical operations.”
UÀtPÀAiÀÄAvÀæzÀ UÀÄt®PÀëtUÀ¼ÀÄ
(Characteristics of Computer)
•ªÉÃUÀ (Speed)
ªÀÄ£ÀĵÀå£ÀÄ ªÀiÁqÀĪÀ ¯ÉPÁÌZÁgÀQÌAvÀ ªÉÃUÀªÁV
UÀtPÀAiÀÄAvÀæªÀÅ ¯ÉPÁÌZÁgÀ ªÀiÁqÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
ªÉÃUÀzÀ C¼ÀvÉ : «Ä° ¸ÉAPÉAqï, ªÉÄÊPÉÆæà ¸ÉPÉAqï, £Áå£ÉÆÃ
¸ÉPÉAqï,¦PÉÆøÉPÉAqï
•¤¢üðµÀÖvÉ (Accuracy)
¥sÀ°vÁA±ÀªÀÅ ±ÉÃPÀqÁ 100 gÀµÀÄÖ ¸ÀjAiÀiÁVgÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
•¸ÀAUÀæºÀuÉ (Storage)
CUÁzÀªÁzÀ ¸ÀAUÀæºÀuÁ ¸ÁªÀÄxÀåð«zÀÄÝ, ¥ÁæxÀ«ÄPÀ
ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¢éwÃAiÀÄPÀ ¸ÀAUÀæºÀuÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄßCªÀ®A©¹zÉ.
¸ÀAUÀæºÀuÉAiÀÄ C¼ÀvÉ : ¤§â¯ï, ¨ÉÊmï, Q¯ÉÆà ¨ÉÊmï, ªÉÄUÁ
¨ÉÊmï,VUÁ ¨ÉÊmï,mÉgÁæ¨ÉÊmï
¸ÀAUÀæºÀuÁ G¥ÀPÀgÀt : ºÁqïð r¸ïÌ, ¥sÁè¦ü r¸ïÌ, ¹.r.,
ªÀiÁåUÉßÃnPïmÉÃ¥ï,r.«rEvÀgÉÃ
•«±Áé¸À¤ÃAiÀÄvÉ (Reliability)
EzÀjAzÀ §gÀĪÀ¥sÀ°vÁA±ÀzÀªÉÄïɫ±Áé¸ÀªÀ£ÀÄߺÉÆAzÀ§ºÀÄzÀÄ.
•PÁAiÀÄðvÀvÀàgÀvÉ (Diligency)
UÀAmÉUÀlÖ¯É CxÀªÁ ¢£ÀUÀlÖ¯É PÉ®¸À ªÀiÁrzÀgÀÆ CzÀgÀ
ªÉÃUÀzÀ¯ÁèUÀ°Ã CxÀªÁ ¥sÀ°vÁA±ÀzÀ¯ÁèUÀ° AiÀiÁªÀÅzÉÃ
§zÀ¯ÁªÀuÉUÀ¼ÁUÀĪÀÅ¢®è
•ªÉÊeÁÕ¤PÀ «zsÁ£À (Scientific
Approach)
AiÀiÁªÀÅzÉà ªÉÊeÁÕ¤PÀ ¸ÀªÀĸÉåAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ©r¸ÀĪÀ
¸ÁªÀÄxÀåðªÀ£ÀÄß ºÉÆA¢zÉ.
•ªÉÊ«zÀåvÉ (Versatility)
¤¢üðµÀÖ PÉëÃvÀæªÉA§ÄzÀÄ UÀtPÀAiÀÄAvÀæQÌ®è, J¯Áè
PÉëÃvÀæUÀ¼À°èAiÀÄÆ ¥ÀjuÁªÀÄPÁjAiÀiÁV
UÀtPÀAiÀÄAvÀæzÀ PÁAiÀÄð«zsÁ£À
(Working of a Computer)
UÀtPÀAiÀÄAvÀæªÀÅ MAzÀÄ CzÀÄãvÀªÁzÀ
«zÀÄå£Áä£À AiÀÄAvÀæªÁVzÀÄÝ, PÉÆnÖgÀĪÀ
zÀvÁÛA±ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¤zÉÃð±À£ÀzÀAvÉ ¸ÀA¸ÀÌj¹
CxÀð¥ÀÆtð ªÀiÁ»wAiÀÄ£ÁßV¥ÀjªÀwð¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
zÀvÁÛ
A±À
¸ÀA¸ÀÌg
ÀuÉ
ªÀiÁ»w
ªÉÆlÖ ªÉÆzÀ® ¨ÁjUÉ F PɼÀPÀAqÀ LzÀÄ
WÀlPÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¤«Äð¹zÀ SÁåw UÀtÂvÀdÕ£ÁzÀ
EAUÉèAr£ÀZÁ¯ïìð¨Áå¨ÉÃeï EªÀjUÉ ¸À®ÄèvÀÛzÉ.
1. DUÀªÀiÁAUÀ (Input Device)
2. ¸ÀAUÀæºÀuÁ WÀlPÀ (Memory Unit)
3. CAPÀUÀtwÃAiÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ vÁQðPÀ WÀlPÀ(Arthmetic and
Logic Unit)
4. ¤AiÀÄAvÀætWÀlPÀ (Control Unit)
5. ¤UÀðªÀiÁAUÀ (Output Device)
zÀvÁÛA±À, ¸ÀA¸ÀÌgÀuÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛªÀiÁ»w
•zÀvÁÛA±À (Data)
zÀvÁÛA±ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ ¸ÀASÉåUÀ¼À gÀÆ¥ÀzÀ°è, CPÀëgÀUÀ¼À
gÀÆ¥ÀzÀ°è ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀAPÉÃvÀUÀ¼À gÀÆ¥ÀzÀ°è EgÀÄvÀÛªÉ.
¸ÀASÉåUÀ¼ÀÄ : 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9
CPÀëgÀUÀ¼ÀÄ : a, b, c, d, e, . . . . . . . . .z
A, B, C, D, E, . . . . . . .Z
¸ÀAPÉÃvÀUÀ¼ÀÄ :., ; : ” ’ ] [ { } +| _ ) ( *& ^ % $#@!~ . . . .
zÀvÁÛA±ÀUÀ½UÉ ¤¢üðµÀÖªÁzÀ CxÀð«gÀĪÀÅ¢®è.
zÀvÁÛA±ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß PÀæªÀħzÀÞªÁV eÉÆÃr¹zÁUÀ ªÀiÁvÀæ
CzÀÄ CxÀðªÀ£ÀÄß PÉÆqÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
•¸ÀA¸ÀÌgÀuÉ(Process)
PÉÆnÖgÀĪÀ zÀvÁÛA±ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß UÀtPÀAiÀÄAvÀæzÀ°è£À
¤zÉÃð±À£ÀUÀ¼À ¥ÀæPÁgÀ ¥ÀæwQæ¬Ä¹ CxÀð¥ÀÆtð
ªÀiÁ»wAiÀÄ£ÁßV §zÀ¯Á¬Ä¸ÀĪÀ PÉ®¸À
This is the term meant for process of collecting
all items of data together to produce meaningful
information
¨ÉÃgÉ ¨ÉÃgÉ PÁAiÀÄðUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¤ªÀð»¸À®Ä ¨ÉÃgÉ ¨ÉÃgÉ
CUÀvÀåªÁzÀ vÀAvÁæA±ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß §¼À¸À¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ
•ªÀiÁ»w(Information)
ºÉZÀÄÑ G¥ÀAiÀÄÄPÀÛ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÀæªÀħzÀÝ gÀÆ¥ÀPÉÌ
¥ÀjªÀwð¹zÀ CxÀªÁ ¸ÀAWÀn¹zÀ zÀvÁÛA±ÀUÀ¼À UÀÄA¥ÀÄ.
It is the set of data which has been converted
or organised into a more useful or intelligible
form.
GzÁºÀgÀuÉ : zÀvÁÛA±ÀUÀ¼ÁzÀ ºÉ¸ÀgÀÄ, £ÉÆAzÀt ¸ÀASÉå,
CAPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ EªÀÅUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ªÀåªÀ¹ÜvÀªÁV eÉÆÃr¹ ¥ÀqÉzÀ
CAPÀ¥ÀnÖ.
ªÀiÁ»wZÀPÀæ(IPO Cycle)
zÀvÁÛA±ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß §¼À¹, ¸ÀÆPÀÛ ¤zÉÃð±À£ÀUÀ¼À
¸ÀºÁAiÀÄ¢AzÀ ¸ÀA¸ÀÌj¹ CxÀð¥ÀÆtð ªÀiÁ»wAiÀÄ£ÀÄß
¥ÀqÉAiÀÄÄvÉÛêÉ. ¥ÀqÉzÀAvÀºÀ ªÀiÁ»wAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¨ÉÃgÉ ¨ÉÃgÉ
ªÀiÁ»wUÀ¼ÉÆA¢UÉ ¥ÀÄ£ÀB ¤zÉÃð±À£ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß
¸ÀºÁAiÀÄ¢AzÀ ¸ÀA¸ÀÌj¹ ¨ÉÃgÉ jÃwAiÀÄ ªÀiÁ»wAiÀÄ£ÀÄß
¥ÀqÉAiÀÄÄvÉÛêÉ.
zÀvÁÛ
A±À
¸ÀA¸ÀÌg
ÀuɪÀiÁ»w

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Computer education first unit

  • 2. UÀtPÀAiÀÄAvÀæzÀ ¥ÀjPÀ®à£É “UÀtPÀAiÀÄAvÀæ” CxÀªÁ “PÀA¥ÀÆålgï” ¯Áån£ï ¨sÁµÉAiÀÄ “PÀA¥ÀÆåmï” JA§ ¥ÀzÀ¢AzÀ §A¢zÉ. PÀA¥ÀÆåmï JAzÀgÉ ¯ÉPÁÌZÁgÀ ªÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ JAzÀxÀð. DzÀÝjAzÀ UÀtPÀAiÀÄAvÀæªÀ£ÀÄß “¯ÉPÁÌZÁgÀ ªÀiÁqÀĪÀ AiÀÄAvÀ攪ÉAzÀÄ PÀgÉAiÀħºÀÄzÀÄ.
  • 3. UÀtPÀAiÀÄAvÀæzÀ ªÁåSÁå£À (Definition) •UÀtPÀAiÀÄAvÀæªÀÅ zÀvÁÛA±ÀUÀ¼À CxÀªÁ ªÀiÁ»wUÀ¼À£ÀÄß NzÀĪÀ, ¸ÀAUÀ滸ÀĪÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀA¸ÀÌj¹ CxÀð¥ÀÆtð ¥sÀ°vÁA±ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄߤÃqÀĪÀ «zÀÄå£Áä£À AiÀÄAvÀæ” •“Computer is an electronic device, which reads stores and process the data or information to produce meaningful results / outputs” •UÀtPÀAiÀÄAvÀæªÀÅ CAPÀUÀtwÃAiÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ vÁQðPÀ QæAiÉÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¤ªÀð»¸ÀĪÀ ¸ÁªÀÄxÀåðªÀ£ÀÄß ºÉÆA¢gÀĪÀ «zÀÄå£Áä£ÀG¥ÀPÀgÀtªÁVzÉ. •Computer is an electronic device, capable of performing arithmetic and logical operations.”
  • 4. UÀtPÀAiÀÄAvÀæzÀ UÀÄt®PÀëtUÀ¼ÀÄ (Characteristics of Computer) •ªÉÃUÀ (Speed) ªÀÄ£ÀĵÀå£ÀÄ ªÀiÁqÀĪÀ ¯ÉPÁÌZÁgÀQÌAvÀ ªÉÃUÀªÁV UÀtPÀAiÀÄAvÀæªÀÅ ¯ÉPÁÌZÁgÀ ªÀiÁqÀÄvÀÛzÉ. ªÉÃUÀzÀ C¼ÀvÉ : «Ä° ¸ÉAPÉAqï, ªÉÄÊPÉÆæà ¸ÉPÉAqï, £Áå£ÉÆà ¸ÉPÉAqï,¦PÉÆøÉPÉAqï •¤¢üðµÀÖvÉ (Accuracy) ¥sÀ°vÁA±ÀªÀÅ ±ÉÃPÀqÁ 100 gÀµÀÄÖ ¸ÀjAiÀiÁVgÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
  • 5. •¸ÀAUÀæºÀuÉ (Storage) CUÁzÀªÁzÀ ¸ÀAUÀæºÀuÁ ¸ÁªÀÄxÀåð«zÀÄÝ, ¥ÁæxÀ«ÄPÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¢éwÃAiÀÄPÀ ¸ÀAUÀæºÀuÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄßCªÀ®A©¹zÉ. ¸ÀAUÀæºÀuÉAiÀÄ C¼ÀvÉ : ¤§â¯ï, ¨ÉÊmï, Q¯ÉÆà ¨ÉÊmï, ªÉÄUÁ ¨ÉÊmï,VUÁ ¨ÉÊmï,mÉgÁæ¨ÉÊmï ¸ÀAUÀæºÀuÁ G¥ÀPÀgÀt : ºÁqïð r¸ïÌ, ¥sÁè¦ü r¸ïÌ, ¹.r., ªÀiÁåUÉßÃnPïmÉÃ¥ï,r.«rEvÀgÉà •«±Áé¸À¤ÃAiÀÄvÉ (Reliability) EzÀjAzÀ §gÀĪÀ¥sÀ°vÁA±ÀzÀªÉÄïɫ±Áé¸ÀªÀ£ÀÄߺÉÆAzÀ§ºÀÄzÀÄ.
  • 6. •PÁAiÀÄðvÀvÀàgÀvÉ (Diligency) UÀAmÉUÀlÖ¯É CxÀªÁ ¢£ÀUÀlÖ¯É PÉ®¸À ªÀiÁrzÀgÀÆ CzÀgÀ ªÉÃUÀzÀ¯ÁèUÀ°Ã CxÀªÁ ¥sÀ°vÁA±ÀzÀ¯ÁèUÀ° AiÀiÁªÀÅzÉà §zÀ¯ÁªÀuÉUÀ¼ÁUÀĪÀÅ¢®è •ªÉÊeÁÕ¤PÀ «zsÁ£À (Scientific Approach) AiÀiÁªÀÅzÉà ªÉÊeÁÕ¤PÀ ¸ÀªÀĸÉåAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ©r¸ÀĪÀ ¸ÁªÀÄxÀåðªÀ£ÀÄß ºÉÆA¢zÉ. •ªÉÊ«zÀåvÉ (Versatility) ¤¢üðµÀÖ PÉëÃvÀæªÉA§ÄzÀÄ UÀtPÀAiÀÄAvÀæQÌ®è, J¯Áè PÉëÃvÀæUÀ¼À°èAiÀÄÆ ¥ÀjuÁªÀÄPÁjAiÀiÁV
  • 7. UÀtPÀAiÀÄAvÀæzÀ PÁAiÀÄð«zsÁ£À (Working of a Computer) UÀtPÀAiÀÄAvÀæªÀÅ MAzÀÄ CzÀÄãvÀªÁzÀ «zÀÄå£Áä£À AiÀÄAvÀæªÁVzÀÄÝ, PÉÆnÖgÀĪÀ zÀvÁÛA±ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¤zÉÃð±À£ÀzÀAvÉ ¸ÀA¸ÀÌj¹ CxÀð¥ÀÆtð ªÀiÁ»wAiÀÄ£ÁßV¥ÀjªÀwð¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ. zÀvÁÛ A±À ¸ÀA¸ÀÌg ÀuÉ ªÀiÁ»w
  • 8. ªÉÆlÖ ªÉÆzÀ® ¨ÁjUÉ F PɼÀPÀAqÀ LzÀÄ WÀlPÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¤«Äð¹zÀ SÁåw UÀtÂvÀdÕ£ÁzÀ EAUÉèAr£ÀZÁ¯ïìð¨Áå¨ÉÃeï EªÀjUÉ ¸À®ÄèvÀÛzÉ. 1. DUÀªÀiÁAUÀ (Input Device) 2. ¸ÀAUÀæºÀuÁ WÀlPÀ (Memory Unit) 3. CAPÀUÀtwÃAiÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ vÁQðPÀ WÀlPÀ(Arthmetic and Logic Unit) 4. ¤AiÀÄAvÀætWÀlPÀ (Control Unit) 5. ¤UÀðªÀiÁAUÀ (Output Device)
  • 9. zÀvÁÛA±À, ¸ÀA¸ÀÌgÀuÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛªÀiÁ»w •zÀvÁÛA±À (Data) zÀvÁÛA±ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ ¸ÀASÉåUÀ¼À gÀÆ¥ÀzÀ°è, CPÀëgÀUÀ¼À gÀÆ¥ÀzÀ°è ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀAPÉÃvÀUÀ¼À gÀÆ¥ÀzÀ°è EgÀÄvÀÛªÉ. ¸ÀASÉåUÀ¼ÀÄ : 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9 CPÀëgÀUÀ¼ÀÄ : a, b, c, d, e, . . . . . . . . .z A, B, C, D, E, . . . . . . .Z ¸ÀAPÉÃvÀUÀ¼ÀÄ :., ; : ” ’ ] [ { } +| _ ) ( *& ^ % $#@!~ . . . . zÀvÁÛA±ÀUÀ½UÉ ¤¢üðµÀÖªÁzÀ CxÀð«gÀĪÀÅ¢®è. zÀvÁÛA±ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß PÀæªÀħzÀÞªÁV eÉÆÃr¹zÁUÀ ªÀiÁvÀæ CzÀÄ CxÀðªÀ£ÀÄß PÉÆqÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
  • 10. •¸ÀA¸ÀÌgÀuÉ(Process) PÉÆnÖgÀĪÀ zÀvÁÛA±ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß UÀtPÀAiÀÄAvÀæzÀ°è£À ¤zÉÃð±À£ÀUÀ¼À ¥ÀæPÁgÀ ¥ÀæwQæ¬Ä¹ CxÀð¥ÀÆtð ªÀiÁ»wAiÀÄ£ÁßV §zÀ¯Á¬Ä¸ÀĪÀ PÉ®¸À This is the term meant for process of collecting all items of data together to produce meaningful information ¨ÉÃgÉ ¨ÉÃgÉ PÁAiÀÄðUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¤ªÀð»¸À®Ä ¨ÉÃgÉ ¨ÉÃgÉ CUÀvÀåªÁzÀ vÀAvÁæA±ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß §¼À¸À¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ
  • 11. •ªÀiÁ»w(Information) ºÉZÀÄÑ G¥ÀAiÀÄÄPÀÛ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÀæªÀħzÀÝ gÀÆ¥ÀPÉÌ ¥ÀjªÀwð¹zÀ CxÀªÁ ¸ÀAWÀn¹zÀ zÀvÁÛA±ÀUÀ¼À UÀÄA¥ÀÄ. It is the set of data which has been converted or organised into a more useful or intelligible form. GzÁºÀgÀuÉ : zÀvÁÛA±ÀUÀ¼ÁzÀ ºÉ¸ÀgÀÄ, £ÉÆAzÀt ¸ÀASÉå, CAPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ EªÀÅUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ªÀåªÀ¹ÜvÀªÁV eÉÆÃr¹ ¥ÀqÉzÀ CAPÀ¥ÀnÖ.
  • 12. ªÀiÁ»wZÀPÀæ(IPO Cycle) zÀvÁÛA±ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß §¼À¹, ¸ÀÆPÀÛ ¤zÉÃð±À£ÀUÀ¼À ¸ÀºÁAiÀÄ¢AzÀ ¸ÀA¸ÀÌj¹ CxÀð¥ÀÆtð ªÀiÁ»wAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¥ÀqÉAiÀÄÄvÉÛêÉ. ¥ÀqÉzÀAvÀºÀ ªÀiÁ»wAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¨ÉÃgÉ ¨ÉÃgÉ ªÀiÁ»wUÀ¼ÉÆA¢UÉ ¥ÀÄ£ÀB ¤zÉÃð±À£ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¸ÀºÁAiÀÄ¢AzÀ ¸ÀA¸ÀÌj¹ ¨ÉÃgÉ jÃwAiÀÄ ªÀiÁ»wAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¥ÀqÉAiÀÄÄvÉÛêÉ. zÀvÁÛ A±À ¸ÀA¸ÀÌg ÀuɪÀiÁ»w